• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.239-244
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• 2005

Nano-sizedporearrayswerepreparedbytheself-organizationprocessesoftheanodicoxidationusingthealuminumplatewith99.999$\%$purity.Sincethealuminumplatehasaroughsurface,thealuminumplateof1mmthicknesswasanodizedafterthepre-treatmentsofpressing,mechanicalpolishing,thermaloxidation,chemicalpolishing,andelectrochemicalpolishing.Thediameterofthenano-sizedporesandthethicknessofbarrierlayercanbecontrolledbyappliedvoltage.Thethicknessofaluminamembranecanalsobecontrolledbytheanodizingcurrent.Thenano-sizedporeswithdiameterof60$\~$120nm,thedistancebetweenthenearestporesof30$\~$60nm,andthethicknessof6$\~$7Wwereobtainedbytheanodicoxidationprocess.Theporewideningprocesswasemployedforobtainingtheone-channelwithflatsurfacebecausetheporesofthealuminamembranepreparedbythefixedvoltagemethodshowsthestructureoftwo-channelwithroughsurface.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.141-190
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• 2004

Income inequality in Korea has increased after the economic crisis, and the main reason for the widening of income distribution is due to the increase of the unemployed when analyzed using the Urban Household Report(UHR). However, income inequality has not decreased although the rate of unemployment decreased after 2000. Further data bases for income-related statistics are necessary to examine the exact causes of changing income inequality as a whole since the UHR covers only statistics on urban employees' wage and salary in Korea.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.3-51
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• 2002

Income inequality in Korea has increased after the economic crisis, and the main reason for the widening of income distribution is due to the increase of the unemployed when analyzed using the Family Icome and Expenditure Survey(FIES). However, income inequality has not decreased although the rate of unemployment decreased after 2000. Further data bases for income-related statistics are necessary to examine the exact causes of changing income inequality as a whole since the FIES covers only statistics on urban employees' wage and salary in Korea.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.10-12
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• 2005

Along with development of the Internet, education is achieved on-line actively. Therefore, interest about computer aided learning is growing. By a lot of advantages such as expense and time-saving side, this type of learning is widening area gradually. In this paper we discuss some of the learning technology, such as e-learning, m-learning, and u-learning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

In order to find better performance of heat sink, in this research, different cases were analysed by changing number of slots and shape of fins. Round shape fins which have wide surface showed 24% better heat transfer rate than vertical fins. There were not big discrepancies between 1 slot and 2 slots fins. Consequently, for better performance of heat sink, developments for widening surface and better material for high heat transfer rate are needed.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.19
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• pp.65-93
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• 2002

This research deals with meanings and issues of 'broadcasting area' in which trans-regional broadcasting media such as satellite broadcasting and webcasting provoked. The issues around broadcasting area have raised the examination of fundamental broadcasting philosophy in Korea, i.e. establishment of broadcasting area intends to foster new media development? or protect local culture and local journalism? After assessing current criticisms around the broadcasting area, this study particularly addresses re-transmission outside the broadcasting area, satellite broadcaster's re-transmission of terrestrial channels, and widening of broadcasting area. This research argues that broadcasting area has lost its raison-etre due to the advent of new communication technology, even though it was maintained to protect regional broadcasting stations. Therefore it argues that now is the right time to change the broadcasting area in the digital media era. This approach could strengthen the competitiveness of regional broadcasting stations and solve the rows surrounding broadcasting areas.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.516-525
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• 2004

Mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis is an alternative approach for correcting mandibular transverse deficiencies and dental crowding. The traditional approaches for these are extraction of teeth and arch expansion with traditional orthodontic treatment. Also extractions are usually unavoidable in patients with severe crowding. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis by use of tooth-borne expansion appliance. All of 12 patients had been performed distraction osteogenesis. The surgical procedures were accomplished under local anesthesia and intravenous sedation in an ambulatory surgical setting using a routine distraction protocol. The latency period was 5 days or 7 days after symphyseal osteotomies. The rate & rhyth is a intermittent, 0.75mm or 1.0 mm per day and stabilized for 6, 8 weeks after distraction. The time of orthodontic tooth movement after distraction was variable from 2 weeks to 8 weeks (mean 3 weeks). All patients had been evaluated with study casts, plain periapical films, panorama radiograms before & after surgery. Mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis increased mandibular arch width and corrected dental crowding, with paralleling tooth-borne movement, without proclination of the mandibular incisors.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-39
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• 2006

This paper documents the increase in earnings variability (or earnings risk) during the 1990s in Korea, and investigates whether it can be accounted for by capital market opening. The variances of transitory and permanent innovations in earnings are estimated from repeated cross-section data using a simple econometric framework. The increasing time-series pattern of earnings risk among men follows the increased foreign capital presence reasonably well, but the supporting cross-sectional evidence for a causal relationship between the two is weak. However, foreign direct investment (FDI) is found to have had some non-neutral effects on workers of varying skills in such a way that transitory earnings risk of less-skilled workers relatively increased with FDI. To the extent that transitory innovations are not fully insured, this widening effect of FDI on earnings risk gap may have contributed to widening welfare gap between skilled and unskilled workers in Korea, at least in terms of "risks."

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.6472-6477
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• 2014

This study examined the trends of an illustration artist's art marketing widening its area in recent years and proposes a design concept of color cosmetics. Art marketing is a type of culture marketing and means marketing through exhibitions, performances and other artistic activities. Free artistic sensibility expression in which the artistic motif is melted into a product beyond the works of a particular artist, and the product, in turn, can be reflected in the canvas, has attracted attention. The works of illustrators are widening their area into the item in life not canvas. This paper proposes the color cosmetics design that reflect art marketing. The main target who proposed the design concept was trend-oriented and in their early to mid-20s with a strong personality, showing a strong tendency of attracting attention and being recognized. To emphasize the design concept of color cosmetics packaging design, the progressive image of the target class was reflected through brilliant and intense color combination. The cultural value and meaning are provided as the artistic mood becomes a part of life.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 1988

The author studied the histopathologic changes according to a single or a split dose and the time after irradiation on the acinar cells of rat parotid gland. 99 Sprague Dawley rats, weighing about l20gm, were divided into control and 3 experimental groups. In experimental groups, GroupⅠ and Ⅱ were delivered a single dose of l5Gy, 18Gy and Group Ⅲ and Ⅳ were delivered two equal split doses of 9Gy, 10.5Gy for a 4 hours interval, respectively. The experimental groups were delivered by a cobalt-60 teletherapy unit with a dose rate of 222cGy/min, source-skin distance of 50㎝, depth of l㎝ and a field size of l2×5㎝. The animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 hours, 1, 3, 7 days after irradiation and examined by light and electron microscopy. The results were as follows: 1. As the radiation dose increased and the acinar cells delivered a single dose exposure were more damaged, and the change of acinar cells appeared faster than those of a split dose exposure. 2. The histopathologic change of acinar cells appeared at 1 hour after irradiation. The recovery from damaged acinar cells appeared at 1 day after irradiation and there was a tendency that the recovery from damage of a split dose exposure was somewhat later than that of a single dose exposure. 3. Light microscope showed atrophic change of acinar cells and nucleus, degeneration and vesicle formation of cytoplasm, widening of intercellular space and interlobular space. 4. Electron microscope showed loss of nuclear membrane, degeneration of nucleus and nucleoli, clumping of cytoplasm, widening and degeneration of rough endoplasmic reticulum, loss of cristae of mitochondria, lysosome, autophagosome and lipid droplet. 5. Electron microscopically, the change of rough endoplasmic reticulum was the most prominent and this appeared at 1 hour after irradiation as early changes of acinar cells. The nuclear change appeared at 2 hours after irradiation and the loss of cristae of mitochondria was observed at 2 hours after irradiation in all experimental groups.