• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to investigate water and after vapor transport characteristics of underwear fabrics. Experimental materials were cotton woven fabric and cotton knitted fabric, nylon tricot (untreated and hydrophilic finished) and cotton/polyester/cotton triple layer. Cotton knitted fabric have three types of knit structure (interlock, rib, plain stitch) and knit with either 38's or 60's combed yarn. And cotton woven fabric have plain weave with 60's combed yarn. As experimental methods, vapor cup test, dynamic method, vertical wicking test and transplanar uptake test were used. The results are as follows. 1) In cotton specimens, the order of water vapor transpiration (wvt) was plain > rib > interlock in the same yarn diameter. The knit fabric of thinner yarn showed the better wvt among the same knit structure. 2) In cotton specimens, the order of water absorbency was interlock > rib > plain in the same yarn diameter. the knit fabric of thicker yarn showed the better absorbency among the same knit structure. 3) When knit fabric (60's plain) is compared with woven fabric 960's plain), knit fabric showed faster rate of wvt, more amount of uptake and slower rate of water uptake than woven fabric did. 4) When compared untreated nylon with hydrophilic finished nylon, hydrophilic finished nylon showed much more water absorbency than untreated nylon did, but showed same rate of wvt. 5) The water transport characteristics of triple layer underwear fabric showed that the thinner and the lighter one, the better wvt and absorbency did.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.363-363
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• 2010

The high capillarity of a plastic fiber network having superhydrophilic Si-DLC coating is studied. Although the superhydrophilic surface maximize wetting ability on the flat surface, there remains a requirement for the more wettable surface for various applications such as air-filters or liquid-filters. In this research, the PET non-woven fabric surface was realized by superhydrophilic coating. PTE non-woven fabric network was chosen due to its micro-pore structure, cheap price, and productivity. Superhydrophobic fiber network was prepared with a coating of oxgyen plasma treated Si-DLC films using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). We first fabricated superhydrophilic fabric structure by using a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) non-woven fabric (NWF) coated with a nanostructured films of the Si-incorporated diamond-like carbon (Si-DLC) followed by the plasma dry etching with oxygen. The Si-DLC with oxygen plasma etching becomes a superhydrophilic and the Si-DLC coating have several advantages of easy coating procedure at room temperature, strong mechanical performance, and long-lasting property in superhydrophilicity. It was found that the superhydrophobic fiber network shows better wicking ability through micro-pores and enables water to have much faster spreading speed than merely superhydrophilic surface. Here, capillarity on superhydrophilic fabric structure is investigated from the spreading pattern of water flowing on the vertical surface in a gravitational field. As water flows on vertical flat solid surface always fall down in gravitational direction (i.e. gravity dominant flow), while water flows on vertical superhydrophilic fabric surface showed the capillary dominant spreading.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 2018

The recent prosthetic technologies pursue to control multi-DOFs (degrees-of-freedom) hand and wrist. However, challenges such as high cost, wear-ability, and motion intent recognition for feedback control still remain for the use in daily living activities. The paper proposes a multi-channel knit band sensor to worn easily for surface EMG-based prosthetic control. The knitted electrodes were fabricated with conductive yarn, and the band except the electrodes are knitted using non-conductive yarn which has moisture wicking property. Two types of the knit bands are fabricated such as sixteen-electrodes for eight-channels and thirty-two electrodes for sixteen-channels. In order to substantiate the performance of the biopotential signal acquisition, several experiments are conducted. Signal to noise ratio (SNR) value of the knit band sensor was 18.48 dB. According to various forearm motions including hand and wrist, sixteen-channels EMG signals could be clearly distinguishable. In addition, the pattern recognition performance to control myoelectric prosthesis was verified in that overall classification accuracy of the RMS (root mean squares) filtered EMG signals (97.84%) was higher than that of the raw EMG signals (87.06%).

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.115-123
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• 2023

In this paper, we report and discuss the semi-permanently hydrophilic (SPH) treatment of polyester fabric using plasma polymerization and oxidation based on atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (APDBD) technology. SiO_xC_y(-H) was coated on polyester fabric using Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (HMCTSO) as a precursor, and then plasma oxidation was performed to change the upper layer of the thin film to SiO₂-like. The degradation of hydrophilicity of the SPH polyester fabrics was evaluated by water contact angle (WCA) and wicking time after repeated washing. The surface morphology of the coated yarns was observed with scanning electron microscopy, and the presence of the coating layer was confirmed by measuring the Si peak using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The WCA of the SPH polyester fabric increased to 50 degrees after 30 washes, but it was still hydrophilic compared to the untreated fabric. The decrease in hydrophilicity of the SPH fabric was due to peeling of the SiO_xC_y(-H) thin film coated on polyester yarns.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.697-707
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• 2019

This review paper deals with materials, classification, and a current article investigation on smart textile sensors for wearable vital signs monitoring (WVSM). Smart textile sensors can lose electrical conductivity during vital signs monitoring when applying them to clothing. Because they should have to endure severe conditions (bending, folding, and distortion) when wearing. Imparting electrical conductivity for application is a critical consideration when manufacturing smart textile sensors. Smart textile sensors fabricate by utilizing electro-conductive materials such as metals, allotrope of carbon, and intrinsically conductive polymers (ICPs). It classifies as performance level, fabric structure, intrinsic/extrinsic modification, and sensing mechanism. The classification of smart textile sensors by sensing mechanism includes pressure/force sensors, strain sensors, electrodes, optical sensors, biosensors, and temperature/humidity sensors. In the previous study, pressure/force sensors perform well despite the small capacitance changes of 1-2 pF. Strain sensors work reliably at 1 ㏀/cm or lower. Electrodes require an electrical resistance of less than 10 Ω/cm. Optical sensors using plastic optical fibers (POF) coupled with light sources need light in-coupling efficiency values that are over 40%. Biosensors can quantify by wicking rate and/or colorimetry as the reactivity between the bioreceptor and transducer. Temperature/humidity sensors require actuating triggers that show the flap opening of shape memory polymer or with a color-changing time of thermochromic pigment lower than 17 seconds.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.420-430
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• 1996

One-step immuno-chromatography assay system for heat-killed Salmonella typhimurium antigens was developed. Three major components used were a glass fiber membrane (placed at the bottom of the system) with an antibody (specific to the analyse, detection antibody)-gold conjugate deposited in a dry state on the surface, a nitrocellulose membrane (middle) with an antibody (also, specific to the analyse but recognized different epitome: capture antibody) and anti-detection antibody immobilized in spatially separated areas, and a cellulose membrane (top) as absorption pad. These membranes were partially superimposed such that a wicking of aqueous solution containing sample can continuously take place through membranes. Variables that affected the system performance were the concentration of capture antibody, the location on the membrane, inert protein used for blocking of the membrane and for carrying the sample, and the concentration of the gold conjugate. Under optimal conditions, within 15 minutes after absorption of a sample solution from the bottom of the system antigen-antibody complexes of sandwich type were formed on the membrane surface area with immobilized capture antibody and a color signal was generated in proportion to the analyse concentration. The minimum do tection limit of the analyse was $1{\times}106$ Salmonella cells/mL.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.37 no.2 s.110
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• pp.38-46
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• 2005

Experimental work was carried out in order to produce a novel grade of ink-jet paper that has both high print-out quality and price competitiveness. Usually, silica and PVOH has been used for ink-jet paper to design the coating layer that has a hydrophilic and micro-porous structure. However, poor rheological characteristics and low productivity of the silica-PVOH system make the price of the ink-jet paper high. The main focus of this study was replacing the conventional silica (coating pigment) PVOH (binder) coating system with the new PCC (coating pigment) cationic starch (binder) coating system, and optimizing thecoating technology associated with PPC-cationic starch system. In this study, ink-jet print quality of PCC-coated papers was compared with that of silica-coated paper. Two types of PCC were used: conventional type and colloid type. It turned out that PCC C, a conventional coating pigment, has not given a desirable result: it showed high dot reproduction, but it gave low optical density. In spite of low dot reproduction, the qualities of PCC A were comparable or superior to those of silica in optical density, color reproduction, and the uniformity of printing surface. It was also shown that the problems that are happened when the dosage level of cationic starch was too low were varied with ink-type used in each printer. However, in the case of low binder level, the produced image was widely spread resulting fromtoo low optical density of images, or from the lack of bonding ability to set ink into coating surface.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.49-59
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• 1993

In order to study the bleaching of cotton fabrics, ozone which has been produced by an ozone generator, has been contacted with cotton fabrics in water at various conditions. The equipments used for the ozone treatment of cotton fabrics were the ozone generator and a liquor/ozone contactor. For the examination of the ozone bleaching effect on cotton fabrics the whiteness, tensile strength, wettability and clark softness of the ozone treated cotton fabrics were measured. The conclusion obtained were, ozone concentration was increased, as the voltage was increased and flow rate was decreased and oxygen amount was increased. Bleaching effect of treated fabrics increased with increasing attributed more the net concentration of ozone rather than the total ozone amount of produced. The whiteness of treated fabrics was found to be best when treating temperature was 15~20<$^{\circ}C$, in acidic condition. The tensile strength of treated fabrics decreased as the treating time increased, and as the temperature raised, and the acidity increased. The wicking distance of treated fabrics increased slightly with increasing the treating time and the temperature. Clark softness of treated fabrics was not changed until passing 30min. of the treating time, then it decreasing linealy with increasing the treating time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1444-1452
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• 2001

Textile materials are frequently in contact with surfactant solutions during their manufacturing or finishing processes as well as cleaning processes in use. Liquid wetting, wicking and absorbency of textile materials, and the liquid properties, surface characteristics and pore geometry of textile materials, and the liquie-solid interactions, In this paper, 10 different nonionic surfactants, including Span 20, Twen 20, 40, 60, 80, 21, 61, 81, 65, 85, were used. The surfactants were characterized by their hydrophile-lipophile-balance (HLB) values, structures, and surface tensions. The 0.1g/dL and 1.0g/dL surfactant solutions, which were both above critical micelle concentration (CMC), were used to see the concentration effects on the wetting and absorbency of cotton fabrics. The wetting behavior and liquid retention properties of hydrophobic cotton fabrics with different nonionic surfactant solutions are reported. The contact angles are greatly decreased and the water retention values are greatly increased by adding most of the surfactants studied into the system. The extents of this effects are influenced by the characteristics of surfactants and its solutions. Hydrophilic surfactants which have low number of carbon atoms or unsaturated hydrophobe structures are more effective in improving the wetting and absorbancy of hydrophobic cotton fabrics. The water retention of hydrophobic cotton fabrics has positive relations with $cos{\theta}$, adhesion tension and work of adhesion. The 1.0g/dL surfactant solutions show similar, but slightly improved wetting and absorbency characteristics of hydrophobic cotton fabrics compared to the 0.1g/dL surfactant solutions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.32-32
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• 2011

Cold Pad batch(CPB)처리에 의한 직물 전처리 공정은 특히 저온처리방식이라 에너지 소모가 적으며, 발생되는 대기오염 및 용수사용량이 연속식 방법에 비해 약 30%이상 절감되는 경제적 친환경적인 기술로 특히 정련과 표백을 동시에 수행할 수 있다. CPB 전처리는 호발, 정련, 표백을 포함하는 공정으로 일욕으로 처리시 패딩, 수세, 와인딩 공정을 단축시키기 때문에 약품 소비량 감소와 에너지 사용 절감 효과가 있어 전 세계적으로 확산되고 있는 Green Technology이다. 본 연구에서는 CPB용 다기능성 일욕형 조제에 개발하기 위해 전처리시 정련, 표백성에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 시료는 NP/C 교직물을 사용하였고, CPB 처리액은 원료 및 첨가용제를 여러 비율로 조합하여 조제를 formulation 하였다. 이를 사용하여 패딩, 배칭, 수세 및 건조하여 전처리를 하였다. 표백된 정도를 파악하기 위해 Macbeth Color Eye-3100을 사용하여 백도(whiteness(CIE))를 5회 평균값을 구하여 측정 하였다. 정련된 정도를 비교하기 위해 C.I.Reactive Red 238의 2g/l 용액을 사용하여 wicking test를 하였다. 1분간 흡수높이를 측정하여 정련성을 확인하였다. 각각의 첨가용제를 비교한 결과 isopropyl alcohol을 첨가 시 hexylene glycol, butyl diglycol를 첨가한 경우에 비해 높은 흡수높이를 나타내었다. isopropyl alcohol의 농도별 정련성을 알아보기 위해 0%, 5%, 10%의 농도로 처리하였다. 그 결과 isopropyl alcohol 첨가량이 많을수록 정련성이 증가하였다. 다기능성 일욕조제의 문제점인 알칼리 안정성 부족을 보완하기 위해 polyoxyethlylene tridecyl ether derivatieves(LAP300)의 인화물을 첨가하였다. LAP300의 첨가량이 증가할수록 정련성이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 알칼리 안정성 및 타 성능(정련성, 백도, 킬레이트 성)을 종합적으로 평가하여 향후, CPB용 다기능성 일욕형 조제의 개발에 대한 연구를 진행할 계획이다.