• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.189-196
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• 2014

Water dispersible ZnS based nanocrystals: ZnS (blue), ZnS:Cu (green) and ZnS:Mn (yellow-orange) were synthesized by capping the surface of the nanocrystals with a mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) molecule. The MPA capped ZnS based nanocrystal powders were characterized by using XRD, HR-TEM, EDXS, FT-IR, and FT-Raman spectroscopy. The optical properties of the colloidal nanocrystals were also measured by UV/Vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies in aqueous solvents. The PL spectra showed broad emission peaks at 440 nm (ZnS), 510 nm (ZnS:Cu) and 600 nm (ZnS:Mn), with relative PL efficiencies in the range of 4.38% to 7.20% compared to a reference organic dye. The measured average particle sizes from the HR-TEM images were in the range of 4.5 to 5.0 nm. White light emission was obtained by mixing these three nanocrystals at a molar ratio of 20 (ZnS):1 (ZnS:Cu):2 (ZnS:Mn) in water. The measured color coordinate of the white light was (0.31, 0.34) in the CIE chromaticity diagram, and the color temperature was 5527 K.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.29-36
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• 1991

Analysis of major nutritional components and Sensory evaluation in two kinds of beef bone stocks (White & Brown) have been Carried out in this study, these stocks were prepared with four different parts of beef bone (Knee bone, Rumpbone, Legbone, Backbone). White bone stocks were made of each beef bone boiling in water & hours, while brown bone stocks were prepared with roasted beef bone in the oven at $230^{\circ}C$ for half an hour and boiled 8 hours with water. Fatty acids were determined by GLC (Gas Lipids Chromatogram), the minerals were analysed by Automic spectrometer. The results of these analysis were obtained as followes; 1. Neutral lipids was gradually becreased, and glycolipids phospholipids were increased in quantity in Brown stocks for 8 hours. Unsaturated fatty accid of Brown stocks was highly decreased due to roasting of bores in the oven at 23$0^{\circ}C$ for half an hour. But they appeared in large quantity in white stocks. 2. The minerals also contained of high percentage in almost Brown stock except backbone Stock 3. Four materials (Kneebone, Rumpbone, Legbone, and backbone) were used for this study and the paired comparison of flavor test presented the recognition of different flavor at 5% level of Least Significant Difference (LSD) on brown stocks (Kneebone, and Legbone). Ranking preference test showed that white Kneebone stock and brown legbone stock had good taste.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2008

In this study, changes in the physicochemical properties and functional components of uncooked foods, including carrots, cabbage, shiitake (Lentinus edodes) and white button (Agaricus bisporus) mushrooms, sea mustard, and laver treated with electrolyzed water were investigated. No changes were observed in the primary compositions of any of the materials that were hot air- or freeze-dried after being treated with electrolyzed water. The lightness (L), redness (a), and yellowness (b) values of the carrots, shiitake, and laver were not affected by drying, while changes did occur in the cabbage (L-, a-, and b-values), mushrooms (a-value), and sea mustard (b-value) specimens that were hot air- or freeze-dried following the treatments with electrolyzed water. The dietary fiber contents of all the materials increased when they were hot air-dried. Vitamin C content decreased when the samples were treated with alkalic electrolyzed water. No changes occurred in the lectin, $\beta$-carotene, or total phenolic compound contents after the electrolyzed water treatments, suggesting that electrolyzed water could be used effectively as a pasteurization step for uncooked carrots, cabbage, shiitake and white button mushrooms, sea mustard, and laver.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.144-150
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• 2009

The choice behavior of the octopus in response to the environment-friendly colored sinker for octopus driftline and the sinker's fishing effect were studied under experimental conditions in the water tank and the field. The colors of the sinkers used for the experiment are white, black, yellow and green. Artificial baits are attached to the sinkers in order to attract the octopuses in the experiment. In the water tank experiment, two sinkers of two different colors are placed in a compartmentalized corner of the rectangular tank, and a CCD camera records the choice behaviors of the octopuses to the colored sinkers. In the field experiment, the catch investigation of octopus for each colored sinker was conducted 14 times in total by using 2(A, B) commercial fishing boats at the coast of Gangneung within 30m of depth in 2006. The number of colored sinkers per operation was a total of 24-40 pieces with the same number of sinkers individually for four colors. As a result, it was found that the octopus selected white the most followed by black and yellow in their choice of colored sinkers in the water tank experiment, and green was the lowest in their choice. Even in the field experiment, the sinkers of white and black showed a higher catch of octopus than the sinkers of yellow and green.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.283-289
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• 2014

Tea flavonoids and polyphenols are well known for their extraordinary antioxidant activity which is considered important for anti-aging processes in animals. This study evaluated the anti-wrinkle effects of three different kinds of tea (Camellia sinensis) water extracts (CSWEs) including green, white, and black teas using a photoaged hairless mouse model. Data showed that the CSWE-treatment greatly improved skin conditions of mice suffering from UVB-induced photoaging, based on the parameters including the skin erythema index, moisture capacity, and transepidermal water loss. In addition, the wrinkle measurement and image analysis of skin replicas indicated that CSWEs remarkably inhibited wrinkle formation. In histological examination, the CSWE-treated mice exhibited diminished epidermal thickness and increased collagen and elastic fiber content, key signatures for skin restoration. Furthermore, the reduced expression of MMP-3, a collagen-degradative enzyme, was observed in the skin of CSWE-treated animals. Interestingly, comparative data between green, white, and black tea indicated that the anti-wrinkle activity of white tea and black tea is equally greater than that of green tea. Taken together, these data clearly demonstrated that CSWEs could be used as an effective anti-wrinkle agent in photoaged animal skin, implying their extended uses in therapeutics.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 1980

White and black sesame produced in Korea were defatted with ethyl ether or n-hexane. Defatted sesame meal was extracted with water and salt solution, and protein extraction was precipitated at various pH 1 through 12, with trichloro acetic acid (TCA), tannic acid and ammonium sulfate, respectively. Protein was purified by Sephadex A-25, G-75, G-100 and G-200, and identified its protein fraction by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Amino acids composition of protein in white sesame was analyzed by automatic amino acid analyzer. Protein contents of white sesame, black sesame and sesame meal are 20.5%, 19.2%, and 44.7%, respectively. n-Hexane was the most suitable solvent for extraction of oil from sesame. Crude protein precipitation was better in higher pH. The protein extraction was more effective with the solution containing sodium chloride tinder the pH 8. Globulin in total protein was high and prolamin was less than in other cereal proteins. Glutamic acid contents of white sesame and sesame globulin were 17.1%, and 20%, respectively. Both proteins contained relatively high levels of essential amino acids. 12-13 bands were found in water soluble protein and 2 bands in salt soluble protein were detected by the disc gel electrophoresis, and were identified in both of white and black sesame. The salt soluble protein of white sesame could be purified by Sephadee G-100 and G-200.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1171-1177
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• 2008

The performance of growing rabbits fed Ruzi grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis), head lettuce (Lactuca sativa) residue, Mimosa pigra and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) was studied in an experiment using 64 rabbits (4 males and 4 females per treatment) of 2 breeds, New Zealand White and a crossbred between New Zealand White and native breed. The rabbits had an average initial weight of 668 g, were about 6 weeks old and were housed in individual pens. The foliages were fed ad libitum and a commercial concentrate was fed at a restricted level of 2% of body weight on a dry matter (DM) basis. In the digestibility experiment, the rabbits, 4 per foliage and males only, were fed the same foliages as in the growth experiment but without concentrate. Daily weight gain was lower in the group fed Ruzi grass, 14.8 g/d (p<0.001) compared to 17.6, 18.5 and 18.4 g/d for head lettuce, Mimosa pigra and water spinach, respectively. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were lowest for the rabbits fed water spinach, 66 g DM/d and 3.6 kg DM/kg live weight, respectively. The New Zealand White breed had a higher daily gain than the crossbred rabbits (p<0.05), 18.0 and 16.7 g/d, respectively. There were no significant differences in feed intake, growth or feed conversion ratio due to sex. The digestibility coefficients of DM, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were significantly lower (p<0.001) in the rabbits fed Ruzi grass. Breed and sex had no effect on digestibility. In conclusion, feeding head lettuce residue, Mimosa pigra and water spinach resulted in higher growth rate and digestibility than feeding Ruzi grass and can be recommended as alternative feeds.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.922-927
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• 1996

To analyse components of fresh ginseng and some white ginsengs with different processing conditions, approximate composition, extraction yield, total saponin content and composition and free sugar composition of fresh ginseng, white ginseng, Taeguksam A and Taeguksam B were examined. Yield of hot water extraction was two times higher than that of 80% methanol extraction. Hot water extraction yields of fresh ginseng, white ginseng, Taeguksam A and Taeguksam B were 56.4, 39.9, 42.9 and 46.6%, respectively, while the 80% methanol extraction yields ranged from 15.8% to 21.9%. Total saponin contents of the above were 2.40, 1.73, 1.45 and 1.79%, respectively, with hot water extraction and were 2.15, 2.99, 2.81 and 2.35%, respectively, with 80% methanol extraction. Ginsenoside compositions of the above varied with processing conditions and extraction solvents. Hot water and 80% methanol extracts of fresh and white ginseng composed of fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose. Rhamnose was detected only in the extract of Taeguksam A and B.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.174-182
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• 2018

Background: In this study, we observed their growth and physiological responses using a variety of duty ratio under the mixed light using red, blue, and white lights. The red+blue mixed light was treated with 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, and 75% duty ratios and red+blue+white mixed light with 85% and 70% duty ratios. We examined the width and length of leaves, total number of leaves, and number of shoots to examine their growth responses. The physiological responses were studied by measuring their photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, chlorophyll content, and fluorescence ($F_o$, $F_m$, and $F_v/F_m$). Results: We found that lower duty ratio caused the length and width of the leaves to grow longer under red+blue mixed light but that it did not cause any difference in the red+blue+white mixed light condition. In addition, there was no difference in the number of leaves and shoots among all treatments. In the red+blue mixed light condition, the photosynthetic rate was no difference, but both transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were the highest at 95% duty ratio than in other ratios. Water use efficiency pattern was similar to that of photosynthetic rate; water use efficiency was no difference. Chlorophyll content was the highest at 95% duty ratios, and it was the least at 90%, 85%, and 75% duty ratio. $F_o$ and $F_m$ values were relatively high at 85% and 80% duty ratio and low at 90% duty ratio while $F_v/F_m$ showed no difference. Conclusions: Under the red+blue+white mixed light, all physiological items showed no difference between 70 and 85% treatments. But, photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, chlorophyll content, and $F_v/F_m$ were relatively greater in the red+blue+white mixed light than in the red+blue mixed light. Therefore, red+blue+white mixed light treated with 70% duty ratio could lessen the environmental stress and save more power when cultivating Silene capitata in a plant factory.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.537-541
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• 2001

For the development of reformation material of soft ground using the LD slag, the relation to the particle condition of LD slag and the pH behavior of slag dissolution water, extraction properties of slag, and origination of white water were investigated. When the LD slag is mixed with sea water, the pH of solution ranged between 9.47 and 10.0. On the other hand, when mixed with distilled water, the pH was about 10.4 to 12.1. For the as-received slag and the aged slag in sea water, a pH of 11.5 to 12.0 was observed when the particle size was less than 0.5mm. For the reoxidized slag in seawater, the pH of the solution was lower than 9.5 when the particle size was bigger than 0.075mm. For the aged slag and reoxidized slag, the pH of the solution remained constant when the addition ratio of sea water to the slag was higher than 500 times. The main elements dissolved from the slag were Ca and Mg ions. When the pH went over 9.0, the white water started to font which was caused by the CaCO$_3$and Mg(OH)$_2$.