• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.189-197
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 보통의 일반콘크리트와 플라이애쉬를 혼입한 강섬유보강 콘크리트의 해수에 대한 저항성을 고찰하기 위하여 수행되었다. 콘크리트 배합 인자를 물.시멘트비, 강섬유혼입률, 플라이애쉬 혼입률별로 각각 제조하였으며, 표준수(수도물)와 인공으로 제조한 해수에 장기간 침지한 경우와 건조와 습윤의 반복작용에 의한 촉진시험으로 시험을 수행하여 콘크리트의 성능저하에 미치는 영향을 비교.고찰하였다. 시험방법은 소정의 재령에 각각의 배합조건별로 압축강도와 재령 1일을 기준으로 길이변화와 동탄성계수를 측정하여 성능저하정도를 비교분석하였다. 그 결과 강섬유와 플라이애쉬의 적정량의 혼입은 콘크리트의 내해수성을 현저히 개선시키는 효과를 나타내었다.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.383-391
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• 2016

This paper reports the results of an experimental program involving several small-scale columns which were constructed to simulate corrosion damage in the field using two accelerated corrosion techniques namely, constant voltage and constant current. A total of six columns were cast for this experiment. For one pair of regular RC columns, corrosion was accelerated using constant voltage and for another pair, corrosion was accelerated using constant current. The remaining pair of regular RC columns was used as control. In the experiment, all the columns were subjected to cyclic wetting and drying using sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The currents were monitored on an hourly interval and cracks were visually checked throughout the test program. After the specimens had suffered sufficient percentage steel loss, all the columns including the control were tested to failure in compression. The test results generated show that accelerated corrosion using impressed constant current produces more corrosion damage than that using constant voltage. The results suggest that the constant current approach can be better used to simulate corrosion damage of reinforced concrete structures and to assess the effectiveness of various materials, repair strategies and admixtures to resist corrosion damage.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.339-349
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• 2020

This study investigates the feasibility of using the results of the UPV (ultrasonic pulse velocity) test to assess the UCS (unconfined compressive strength) of unsaturated soil. A series of laboratory tests was conducted on samples of unsaturated lateritic soils of northern Taiwan. Specifically, the unconfined compressive test was combined with the pressure plate test to obtain the unconfined compressive strength and its matric suction (s) of the samples. Soil samples were first compacted at the designated water content and subsequently subjected to the wetting process for saturation and the following drying process to its target suction using the apparatus developed by the authors. The correlations among the UCS, s and UPV were studied. The test results show that both the UCS and UPV significantly increased with the matric suction regardless of the initial compaction condition, but neither the UCS nor UPV obviously varied when the matric suction was less than the air-entry value. In addition, the UCS approximately linearly increased with increasing UPV. According to the investigation of the test results, simplified methods to estimate the UCS using the UPV or matric suction were established. Furthermore, an empirical formula of the matric suction calculated from the UPV was proposed. From the comparison between the predicted values and the test results, the MAPE values of UCS were 4.52-9.98% and were less than 10%, and the MAPE value of matric suction was 17.3% and in the range of 10-20%. Thus, the established formulas have good forecasting accuracy and may be applied to the stability analysis of the unsaturated soil slope. However, further study is warranted for validation.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2015

흙-함수특성곡선에 대한 선행 연구결과들의 경우, 정량적으로 간극수 유출입량을 측정하여 모관흡수력에 따른 체적함수비를 산정하였다. 본 연구에서는, 압력판 추출시험기(VPPE)에 Time Domain Reflectimoetry(TDR) 측정 시스템을 도입하여 불포화토의 건조과정 및 습윤과정 진행에 따른 유전상수를 측정하여 체적함수비를 산정하고자 하였다. 압력판 추출 시험기는 압력셀, 압력조절장치, 뷰렛 시스템, TDR 프로브로 구성된다. 압력셀에 초기 간극비가 다른 두 시료를 조성한 후, 압력조절장치를 이용하여 압력셀 내부에 0.1kPa - 50kPa 범위의 공기압을 가하여 모관흡수력을 조절하였다. 그리고 뷰렛시스템을 이용하여 모관흡수력 변화에 따른 시료의 체적함수비 변화를 측정하였다. 또한, 압력셀 내부에 설치된 TDR 프로브를 이용하여 프로브 양단에서 발생되는 전자기파의 반사 신호로부터 유전상수를 산정하였다. 주문진 표준사의 체적함수비 변화에 따른 유전상수 측정에 대한 보정으로 도출한 체적함수비와 유전상수관계를 이용하여 시료의 체적함수비를 산정하였다. 실험 결과, 시료의 초기 간극비와 상관없이 TDR 프로브에 의해 산정된 체적함수비는 뷰렛 시스템을 통해 정량적으로 산정된 체적함수비와 매우 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 건조과정 및 습윤과정 진행에 따라 동일한 모관흡수력에 대한 함수비의 차이가 존재하는 이력현상(Hysteresis)이 발생하였고, 건조과정 및 습윤과정의 반복에 따라 이력현상은 줄어들었다. 본 연구에서 적용된 전자기파의 시간영역반사법(TDR)을 통해 불포화토의 흙-함수특성곡선을 효과적으로 파악할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.779-786
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• 2006

Woven sisal textile reinforced composites were manufactured to evaluate fracture toughness, and tensile test. All specimens were immersed in water five times. All specimens are immersed in pure water during 9 days at room temperature, and dried in 1 day at $50^{\circ}C$. Two kinds of polymer matrices such as epoxy and vinyl-ester were used. Fractured surface were investigated to study the failure mechanism and fiber/matrix interfacial adhesion. It is shows that it can be enhanced to improve their mechanical performance to reveal the relationship between fracture toughness and water absorption fatigue according to different polymer matrices. Water uptake of the epoxy composites was found to increase with cycle times. Mechanical properties are dramatically affected by the water absorption cycles. Water-absorbed samples observed poor mechanical properties such as lower values of maximum strength and extreme elongation. The $K_{IC}$ values demonstrate a decrease in inclination with increasing cyclic times of wetting and drying fur the epoxy and vinyl-ester.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.785-801
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• 2017

Biopolymer treatment of geomaterials to develop sustainable geotechnical systems is an important step towards the reduction of global warming. The cutting edge technology of biopolymer treatment is not only environment friendly but also has widespread application. This paper presents the strength and slake durability characteristics of biopolymer-treated sand sampled from Al-Sharqia Desert in Oman. The specimens were prepared by mixing sand at various proportions by weight of xanthan gum biopolymer. To make a comparison with conventional methods of ground improvement, cement treated sand specimens were also prepared. To demonstrate the effects of wetting and drying, standard slake durability tests were also conducted on the specimens. According to the results of strength tests, xanthan gum treatment increased the unconfined strength of sand, similar to the strengthening effect of mixing cement in sand. The slake durability test results indicated that the resistance of biopolymer-treated sand to disintegration upon interaction with water is stronger than that of cement treated sand. The percentage of xanthan gum to treat sand is proposed as 2-3% for optimal performance in terms of strength and durability. SEM analysis of biopolymer-treated sand specimens also confirms that the sand particles are linked through the biopolymer, which has increased shear resistance and durability. Results of this study imply xanthan gum biopolymer treatment as an eco-friendly technique to improve the mechanical properties of desert sand. However, the strengthening effect due to the biopolymer treatment of sand can be weakened upon interaction with water.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.457-469
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• 2022

Hydraulic concrete buildings in the northwest of China are often subject to the combined effects of low-temperature frost damage, during drying and wetting cycles, and salt erosion, so the study of concrete deterioration prediction is of major importance. The prediction model of the relative dynamic elastic modulus (RDEM) of four different kinds of modified concrete under the special environment in the northwest of China was established using Grey residual Markov theory. Based on the available test data, modified values of the dynamic elastic modulus were obtained based on the Grey GM(1,1) model and the residual GM(1,1) model, combined with the Markov sign correction, and the dynamic elastic modulus of concrete was predicted. The computational analysis showed that the maximum relative error of the corrected dynamic elastic modulus was significantly reduced, from 1.599% to 0.270% for the BS2 group. The analysis error showed that the model was more adjusted to the concrete mixed with fly ash and mineral powder, and its calculation error was significantly lower than that of the rest of the groups. The analysis of the data for each group proved that the model could predict the loss of dynamic elastic modulus of the deterioration of the concrete effectively, as well as the number of cycles when the concrete reached the damaged state.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.483-493
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• 2000

본 연구는 2차원 유한요소모형인 RMA를 이용하여 하도흐름의 홍수터로의 범람현상을 모의하였다. Marsh porosity 기능을 이용하여 계산요소가 젖은 하도에서 마른하도로 점진적으로 변화하는 현상을 가능하게 한다. 젖은/마른하도 계산기능에 대한 적용성을 확인하기 위해서 균일한 사다리꼴 하도구간에 적용하였고 사행하도에서 홍수터를 통한 홍수모의를 실시하였다. 사행하도에 대한 적용결과 홍수터에서의 흐름의 단축현상을 확인할 수 있었고 다양한 사행도와 홍수터 조도에 대한 영향을 평가하였다. 본 모형을 금강 본류부에 적용하였는데 wet/dry 계산은 동일한 유한요소망을 이용하여 다양한 유량조건에서의 모의를 실시하였다.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2002

Reinforced concrete is inherently a durable composite material. When properly designed for the environment to be exposed and carefully constructed, reinforced concrete is capable of giving maintenance-free performance. However, unintentionally using improper materials such as non-washed sea sand having much salt together with poor controlled quality, or the concrete are placed in highly severe environment such as marine atmosphere, the corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete becomes one of the most significant concerns of concrete. The purpose of this experimental research is to evaluate the performance of corrosion inhibitors for normal strength and high strength concrete, and to propose desirable measures for controlling corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete. Test specimens in normal strength and high strength concrete were made with and without corrosion inhibitors. The accelerated corrosion test for reinforcing steel in concrete was adopted in accordance with JCI-SC3, which required the periodic 20 cycles for 140 days. One cycle includes 3 days for the wetting condition of $65^{\circ}C$ and $90\%$ RH, and 4 days for the drying condition of $15^{\circ}C\;and\;60\%$ RH. It was observed from the test that corrosion inhibitors in normal strength concrete and high strength concrete showed excellent corrosion resistance for reinforcing steel in concrete, but the silica fume in high strength concrete was found to have a negligible corrosion resistance if not used with corrosion inhibitors, since the chloride corrosion threshold limit in concrete containing silica fume without corrosion inhibitor was found to be considerably smaller than that of the case with corrosion inhibitor.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.464-474
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• 2007

고준위폐기물처분장의 성능 및 안전성 향상을 위해서 공학적방벽(engineered barrier)에 대한 실증이 필요하다. 우리나라 기준처분시스템에 대한 엔지니어링 규모의 실험장치(KENTEX)를 제작 설치하고, 공학적방벽에서의 열-수리-역학적 거동 규명을 위한 실증실험을 수행하였다. KENTEX 실험은 2005년 5월 31일에 시작되어 현재 성공적으로 진행 중에 있으며, 지금까지 얻어진 실험결과로부터 공학적방벽에서의 열-수리-역학적 거동에 대한 중간결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 벤토나이트 블록 내 온도는 실험 시작 후 수 주 만에 정상상태에 도달하였고, 온도분포는 히터에 가까울수록 높고 멀어질수록 낮은 값을 보였다. 수분함량은 히터 쪽보다는 지하수가 유입되는 실린더 벽면 부근에서 높은 값을 가졌고, 건조-습윤 과정에 의한 벤토나이트 블록의 수화는 측정위치에 따라 달랐다. 실험기간 동안 벤토나이트 블록에 작용하는 압력은 블록의 포화도 (그 결과, 팽윤압)이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 히터 부근에서는 벤토나이트의 열응력이나 블록 공극 내 증기압도 중요한 역할을 하였다.