• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2013

Measurement of the phosphorus concentration in aerosols in Beijing, which was a representative East Asian mega-city, was carried out. The optimum procedure for analyzing phosphorus in aerosols was found in this study. Recovery of phosphorus in environmental samples through the improved method was almost 100%. The concentration of phosphorus in TSP was $145{\pm}47\;ng/m^3$, with a seasonal variation showing high concentrations in winter and low concentrations in summer. The concentrations of phosphorus in $PM_{2.5}$ accounted for $35{\pm}6%$ of those in TSP, with no seasonal variations. The major source of phosphorus in aerosols in Beijing was soil dust, and additional sources of phosphorus in fine particles could be coal combustion and biomass burning.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 1998년도 제14회 학술발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.105-106
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• 1998

Evaluation of def3ects by etch-ppit formation was studied. A NaOH(30 mol%) etchant was found useful for etch-ppit developpment on ZnSe-based eppilayers grown on (001) gaAs. And a H3ppO4(85 mol%) was used in order to developp etch-ppits on GaN-base eppilayers grown on (0001) Al2O3 After etch-ppit formation on the surfsce. Transmission Electron Microscoppy(TEM) was cppmdicted. By etch-ppit developpment and TEM observation we could determine the defect typpes by etch-ppit configurfations and found origin of etch-ppit in the cse of ZnSe-based materials. Based uppon these results we can do defect identification by etch-ppit test simpply. In the case of GaN-based materials we could evaluate nanoppippe density. however high density of threading dislocations in GaN eppilayers were not revealed by etch-ppit developpment. Based uppon these results we can evaluate the nanoppippe density which difficult to evaluate using TEM beacause of its small size(diameter). And at ppresent status direct matching of etch-ppit density to dislocation density would make severe mistake.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2009년도 9th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.350-353
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• 2009

While the comparatively high MW would make the employed molecules extremely difficult to vacuum-evaporate, and result in poor device performance, the wet-process has been proven to be quite effective and convenient as usual to the fabrication of high-efficiency OLEDs composing high MW components.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.240-245
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• 2003

The use of microfabricated microfluidic devices offers significant advantages over current technologies including fast analysis time and small reagent requirements. In the context of proteomic research, the possibility of using affinity-based separations for prefractionation of samples using microfluidic devices has significant potential. We demonstrate the use of microscale devices to achieve affinity separations of proteins using a device fabricated from borosilicate glass wafers. Photolithography and wet etching are used to pattern individual glass wafers and the wafers are fusion bonded at 650$^{\circ}C$ to obtain enclosed channels. A polymer has been successfully polymerized in situ and used either as a frit for packing beads or, when derivatized with Cibacron Blue 3GA, as a separation matrix. Both of these technologies are based on in situ UV photopolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) in channels.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to conduct a prevalence survey of trichomoniasis in pregnant women and to evaluate the utility of different methods for its diagnosis. A total of 597 vaginal exudates from pregnant women who were examined at the Hospital de Clinicas in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 1 August 2005 to 31 January 2007, were prospectively and consecutively evaluated. The investigation of Trichomonas vaginalis was made by different microscopic examinations, and culture on liquid medium. The sensitivity and specificity of the microscopic examinations were assessed considering culture on liquid medium as the "gold standard". The prevalence of T. vaginalis obtained by culture on liquid medium was 4.0% (24/597). The prevalence of T. vaginalis obtained by direct wet smear, prolonged May-Grunwald Giemsa staining, and sodium acetate-formalin (SAF)/methylene blue staining-fixing technique was 1.8%, 2.3% and 2.5%, respectively. The sensitivity of the direct wet smear was 45.8%, that of the prolonged May-Grunwald Giemsa staining was 58.3%, and that of the SAF/methylene blue method was 62.5%. Considering the 3 microscopic examinations altogether, the sensitivity rose to 66.7% and the specificity was 100% for all of them. This is the first time that the prevalence data of T. vaginalis by culture in pregnant women are published in Argentina. Due to the low sensitivity obtained by microscopy in asymptomatic pregnant women, the use of the liquid medium is recommended during pregnancy, in order to provide an early diagnosis and treatment.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.98-102
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• 1997

소화기계에 대한 식혜의 생리적 영향을 알아보기 위 한 일환으로 식혜를 섭취 시킨 마우스에 에탄올을 이용하여 위궤양을 유발시켜 식혜의 위궤양 예방효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 사용된 식혜는 산업화된 시판식혜 및 가정용 식혜의 두 가지였으며 각각 식이에 대해 0.3% 및 3%농도로 첨가하여 45일간 투여하였다. 위궤양에 대한 식혜의 예방효과를 알아보기 위하여 위점막 표면의 pH, 위점액량 및 궤양지수를 측정하였다. 위점막표면 pH는 대조군은 3.4, 식혜투여군은 3.8~3.9의 값을 나타내어 대조군에 비하여 식혜투여군에서 다소 높은 경향을 나타내었으나, 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다(p>0.05). 위점액량과 제양지수에 있어서도 대조군이 556.4$\mu\textrm{g}$ alcian blue/g wet tissue와 18.6mm의 값을 나타낸 반면, 식혜투여군에서는 595.2~673.5$\mu\textrm{g}$ alcian blue/g wet tissue와 13.7~17.8mm의 값을 나타내어 식혜투여군에서 위점액량은 증가되고 궤양지수는 감소되는 경향을 나타내어 식혜의 위궤양 예방효과의 가능성을 시사하였으나, 실험군간의 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다(p>0.05).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.615-630
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• 2002

Various long-term studies have shown that titanium implants as abutments for different types of prostheses have become a predictable adjunct in the treatment of partially or fully edentulous patients. The continuous exposure of dental implants to the oral cavity with all its possible contaminants creates a problem. A lack of attachment, together with or caused by bacterial insult, may lead to peri-implantitis and eventual implant failure. Removal of plaque and calculus deposits from dental titanium implants with procedures and instruments originally made for cleaning natural teeth or roots may cause major alterations of the delicate titanium oxide layer. Therefore, the ultimate goal of a cleaning procedure should be to remove the contaminants and restore the elemental composition of the surface oxide without changing the surface topography and harming the surrounding tissues. Among many chemical and mechanical procedure, air-powder abrasive have been known to be most effective for cleaning and detoxification of implant surface. Most of published studies show that the dental laser may be useful in the treatment of pen-implantitis. $CO_2$ laser and Soft Diode laser were reported to kill bacteria of implant surface. The purpose of this study was to obtain clinical guide by application these laser to implant surface by means of Non-contact Surface profilometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) with respect to surface roughness and atomic composition. Experimental rough pure titanium cylinder models were fabricated. All of them was air-powder abraded for 1 minute and they were named control group. And then, the $CO_2$ laser treatment under dry, hydrogen peroxide and wet condition or the Soft Diode laser treatment under Toluidine blue O solution condition was performed on the each of the control models. The results were as follows: 1. Mean Surface roughness(Ra) of all experimental group was decreased than that of control group. But it wasn't statistically significant. 2. XPS analysis showed that in the all experimental group, titanium level were decreased, when compared with control group. 3. XPS analysis showed that the level of oxygen in the experimental group 1, 3($CO_2$ laser treatment under dry and wet condition) and 4(Soft Diode laser was used under toluidine blue O solution) were decreased, when compared with control group. 4. XPS analysis showed that the atomic composition of experimental group 2($CO_2$ laser treatment under hydrogen peroxide) was to be closest to that of control group than the other experimental group. From the result of this study, this may be concluded. Following air-powder abrasive treatment, the $CO_2$ laser in safe d-pulse mode and the Soft Diode laser used with photosensitizer would not change rough titanium surface roughness. Especially, $CO_2$ laser treatment under hydrogen peroxide gave the best results from elemental points of view, and can be used safely to treat peri-implantitis.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.504-510
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• 1988

여러 종류의 제분기를 사용하여 건식 (blade hammer, test, micro mill) 및 습식과 건식병용(roller & micro mill)으로 제조한 쌀가루의 이화학적 특성을 조사 하였다. 쌀가루의 입자는 blade, hammer, test, micro mill및 roller & micro mill의 순으로 점차 미세하였으며, 입자가 미세하여 짐에 따라 색의 밝기를 나타내는 L값은 증가한 반면 a값(적색도) 및 b값(황색도)은 감소하였다. 쌀가루의 표면구조를 주사전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 입자가 미세하여 짐에 따라 개개의 전분입자의 관찰이 용이하였다. 전분의 손상도. 말토오스 값 및 열수가용성 아밀로오스의 함량은 blade mill이 가장 낮았고 test mill이 가장 높았다. 아밀로그램상 호화개시 온도와 최고점토는 입자가 미세하여 짐에 따라 점차 낮아졌으며, 건식제분한 쌀가루 현탁액의 최고점도는 잔존하는 ${\alpha}$-아밀라아제에 의해 감소경향을 나타내었으나 습식과 건식을 병용한 쌀가루에서는 최고점도의 변화가 없었다. 건식제분의 경우 유리아미노산의 함량은 전분의 손상도가 증가함에 따라 다소 증가하였다. 쌀가루로부터 추출한 냉수가용 ${\alpha}-D-glucan$의 blue value는 $0.023{\sim}0.029$, 극대흡수파장은 $518{\sim}522nm$정도의 범위를 나타내어 이들 물질은 아밀로펙틴에 유사한 성질을 지니고 있었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.451-463
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• 2001

Following the extensive use of implant, the incidence of peri-implantitis increases. Guided bone regeneration has been used for the optimal treatment of this disease. Because implant surface was contaminated with plaque and calculus, cleaning and detoxification were needed for the reosseointegration when guided bone regeneration was performed. Various mechanical and chemical methods have been used for cleaning and detoxification of implant surface, air-powder abrasive and oversaturated citrate were known to be most effective among these methods. However, these methods were incomplete because these could not thoroughly remove bacteria of implant surface, moreover deformed implant surface. Recent studies for detoxification of the implant surface using laser were going on, $CO_2$ laser and Soft Diode laser were known to be effective among these methods. The purpose of this study was to obtain clinical guide by application these laser to implant surface. 15 experimental machined pure titanium cylinder models were fabricated. The $CO_2$ laser treatment under dry, wet and hydrogen peroxide condition or the Soft Diode laser treatment under Toluidine blue O solution condition was performed on the each of models. Each groups were examined with SPM and SEM to know whether their surface was changed. The results were as follows : 1. Surface roughness and surface form weren't changed when $CO_2$ laser was usedunder dry condition(P>0.05). 2. Surface roughness and surface form weren't changed when $CO_2$ laser was used under wet condition(P>0.05). 3. Surface roughness and surface form weren't changed when $CO_2$ laser was used under hydrogen peroxide condition(P>0.05). 4. Surface roughness and surface form weren't changed when Soft Diode laser was used under toluidine blue O solution condition(P>0.05). From the result of this study, it may be concluded that the $CO_2$ laser having relatively safe pulse mode and the Soft Diode laser used with photosensitizer can be used safely to treat peri-implantitis.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to check color change depending on dyeing conditions when silk fabrics was dyed with gromwell and to investigate mordant effect when synthetic tannin was used as a mordant. First, when silk fabrics were dyed with gromwell, the change of color, brightness and chroma were examined by measuring K/S value, a, b value, L value and C value depending on dyeing condition. Second, color, brightness and chroma differences which appeared after mordanting with synthetic tannin were investigated and muti-functional mordanting effect was confirmed with dyeing fastness, antibiosis. As a result of color analysis of gromwell, it was proved that the main pigment of gromwell was shikonin. Color was red purple at pH 3 when silk fabrics were dyed with gromwell. But It became greenish and bluish as temperature rose and time passed by. And it grew reddish and yellowish as concentration level reached higher. The color became purple at pH 5 and purple blue at pH 7. Both at pH 5 and pH 7, it became greenish and yellowish, as temperature went up and time ran by. And it became reddish with concentration increasing. Brightness and chroma decreased with temperature and concentration increasing as well as time passing by. After mordanting with synthetic tannin, the color became less reddish at pH 3 and reddish-yellowish at pH 5 and pH 7. The brightness increased and the chroma decreased. At all pH, the color, the brightness and the chroma became similarly by synthetic tannin mordanting. Dyeing fastness of synthetic tannin mordanted fabric was higher than that of non-mordanted fabric. Especially, wet fastness at pH 3 improved from 1 grade before synthetic tannin mordanting to $3{\sim}4$ grade after tannin mordanting. Antibiosis was improved by gromwell dyeing and synthetic tannin mordanting.