• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2010

게임에서 흔히 사용하는 전신형 가상 캐릭터를 이용한 감정 표현은 주로 몸동작을 이용한다. 이때 가상 캐릭터가 표현하는 모든 감정에 대하여 각기 다른 애니메이션을 만들어 주어야 한다. 이런 이유로 인간과 같이 감정의 강도에 따라 다른 크기의 동작을 표현하려면, 만들어야 할 애니메이션의 수가 기하급수적으로 늘어나게 된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 가상 캐릭터가 감정 강도에 따라 다른 크기의 동작을 행할 수 있게 하는 방법을 제안한다. 본 연구에서는 감정 강도별로 캐릭터가 동작을 형성하기 위해 회전시키는 뼈대에 가중치를 주어 소극적인 표현 또는 과장된 표현이 가능하도록 하였다. 제안하는 방법을 검증하기 위해 실제 가상 캐릭터에 신체 가중치를 적용할 수 있는 EATool(Emotional Animation Tool)을 구현하였다. 구현된 환경을 통해 걷기 동작에 서로 다른 감정을 부여한 후, 각 감정의 강도에 따라 신체 가중치를 적용하였다. 실험 비교 결과 감정 강도에 따라 동일한 걷기 동작의 형태가 달라지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.199-208
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• 2014

According to "IPCC guide line for national greenhouse gas inventories" each country should develop the 'Country-specific emission factor' and apply it to estimate greenhouse gases emissions from landfill. It could reflect properties of country and make estimation more accurate. For that accuracy, developed country-specific emission factor should be assessed and be verified consistently. Developed emission factors should be assessed in terms of Representative, Emission Property, Accuracy and Uncertainty, but there is no study about weighted assessment factors under each emission variable. This study do survey targeting public officials, professors and other experts for Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP), mostly use to make decisions, to weight assessment factors. We investigated the weighted values per Emission factor for Representative, Emission property, Accuracy and Uncertainty on AHP survey, and Representative factor was the highest, and then in the order of Emission property (0.26), Accuracy(0.22), Uncertainty (0.15).

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to establish a walking energy weighted ERAM model that can predict the pedestrian volume by the connection structure of the vertical and horizontal spaces within a three-dimensional building. The process of building a walking-energy weighted ERAM model is as follows. First, the spatial graph was used to reproduce three-dimensional buildings with vertical and horizontal spatial connection structures. Second, the walking energy was measured on the spatial graph. Third, ERAM model was used to apply weights with spatial connection properties in random walking environment, and the walking energy weights were applied to the ERAM model to calculate the walk energy weighted ERAM values and visualize the distribution of pedestrian flow. To verify the validation of the established model, existing and proposed spatial analysis models were compared to real space. The results of this study are as follows : The model proposed in this study showed as much elaborated estimation of pedestrian traffic flow in real space as in traditional spatial analysis models, and also it showed much higher level of forecasting pedestrian traffic flow in real space than existing models.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제10B권7호
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• pp.757-768
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 가중 퍼지 Pr/T 네트에 기반을 둔 규칙기반시스템을 위한 가중 퍼지 추론알고리즘을 제안한다. 이때 퍼지 생성규칙의 확신도, 규칙에 나타나는 술어의 진리값과 술어의 중요도를 나타내는 가중값을 퍼지 숫자로 표현한다. 제안한 추론알고리즘은 퍼지 생성규칙에 있는 술어의 중요도에 따라 부여한 가중값을 이용하여 추론하기 때문에 $\circled1$ 술어의 가중값 없이 퍼지 생성규칙의 확신도만을 기반으로 단순하게 min과 max 연산을 하거나[10], $\circled2$ 술어의 가중값 없이 퍼지 생성규칙에 있는 퍼지 개념에 따라 믿음값 평가함수로 퍼지 생성규칙의 믿음값을 평가하는[12] 방법보다 더 유연하고 사람의 직관과 추론에 가깝다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.162-170
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the imaging findings of desmoid tumors using various imaging modalities and to evaluate whether diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can help differentiate between desmoid and malignant tumors. Materials and Methods: The study included 27 patients with pathologically confirmed desmoid tumors. Two radiologists reviewed 23 computed tomography (CT), 12 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 8 positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scans of desmoid tumors and recorded data regarding the shape, multiplicity, size, location, degree of enhancement, and presence or absence of calcification or hemorrhage. The signal intensity of masses on T1- and T2-weighted imaging and the presence or absence of whirling or band-like low signal intensity on T2-weighted imaging were recorded. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the desmoid tumors in nine patients with DWIs were compared with the ADC values of 32 malignant tumors. The maximum standardized uptake value ($SUV_{max}$) on PET-CT images was measured in 8 patients who underwent a PET-CT. Results: The mean size of the 27 tumors was 6.77 cm (range, 2.5-26 cm) and four tumors exhibited multiplicity. The desmoid tumors were classified by shape as either mass forming (n = 18), infiltrative (n = 4), or combined (n = 5). The location of the tumors was either intra-abdominal (n = 15), within the abdominal wall (n = 8) or extra-abdominal (n = 4). Among the 27 tumors, 21 showed moderate to marked enhancement and 22 showed homogeneous enhancement. Two tumors showed calcifications and one displayed hemorrhage. Eleven of the 12 MR T2-weighted images showed whirling or band-like low signal intensity areas in the mass. The mean ADC value of the desmoid tumors ($1493{\times}10^{-6}mm^2/s$) was significantly higher than the mean of the malignant soft tissue tumors ($873{\times}10^{-6}mm^2/s$, P < 0.001). On the PET-CT images, all tumors exhibited an intermediate $SUV_{max}$ (mean, 3.7; range, 2.3-4.5). Conclusion: Desmoids tumors showed homogenous, moderate to marked enhancement on CT and MRI scans and a characteristic whirling or band-like pattern on T2-weighted images. DWI can be useful for the differentiation of desmoid tumors from malignant soft tissue tumors.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.330-336
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• 1984

우리나라 토양(土壤)의 대표적(代表的)인 물리화학적(物理化學的) 성질(性質)을 구명(究明)하여 토지생산력(土地生産力) 향상(向上)을 위(爲)한 토양(土壤) 개량(改良)에 필요(必要)한 자료(資料)를 제공(提供)하고자 정밀(精密) 토양조사(土壤調査) 결과(結果) 밝혀진 제주도(濟州道) 토양(土壤)을 제외(除外)한 315개(個) 토양통(土壤統)에 대(對)한 토성(土性), 수분특성(水分特性), 유기물함량등(有機物含量等) 14개(個) 물리화학성(物理化學性)을 수집(蒐集)하여 토지이용(土地利用), 배수등급(排水等級), 토양유형별(土壤類型別)로 단순(單純) 평균치(平均値)와 분포면적(分布面積)을 고려(考慮)한 가중(加重) 평균치(平均値)를 전산처리(電算處理)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 우리나라 전체(全體) 토양통(土壤統)의 단순(單純) 평균치(平均値)는 점토(粘土) 20.0%, 유기물(有機物) 2.03%, 양(陽)이온 치환용량(置換容量) 10.3me/100g이었으며 분포면적(分布面積) 가중평균치(加重平均値)는 점토(粘土) 18.0%, 유기물(有機物) 1.85%, 양(陽)이온 치환용량(置換容量) 8.6me/100g 으로 밝혀졌다. 2. 토지이용(土地利用別)로 점토함량(粘土含量)을 보면 논이 19.7%에 비(比)하여 밭과 임지(林地)는 각각(各各) 17.9%, 16.7%로 낮은 편이고 유기물함량(有機物含量)은 논이 2.0%로서 밭과 임지(林地)의 1.8%보다 높았으며 양(陽)이온 치환용량(置換容量)도 논이 9.1me/100g으로 가장 높고 다음으로 임지(林地)는 8.6me/100g, 밭은 8.1me/100g의 순(順)이다. 3. 배수등급별(排水等級別) 가중평균치(加重平均値)를 보면 배수(排水) 약간(若干) 양호(良好)한 경우 점토함량(粘土含量) 18.9%, 유기물(有機物) 1.7%, 양(陽)이온 치환용량(置換容量) 8.4me/100g이고 약간(若干) 불량(不良)인 경우는 점토함량(粘土含量) 21.3%, 유기물(有機物) 2.2%, 양(陽)이온 치환용량(置換容量) 9.5me/100g 이었고 불량(不良)인 경우는 점토함량(粘土含量) 15.1%, 유기물(有機物) 1.8%로서 양(陽)이온 치환용량(置換容量)만이 9.9me/100g으로 제일 높았다. 4. 논, 밭토양(土壤)에 대(對)한 유형별(類型別) 점토함량(粘土含量), pH, 유기물(有機物), 양(陽)이온 치환용량(置換容量), 염기포화도등(鹽基飽和度等)이 밝혀졌다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.176-187
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• 2013

Background: In 2006 Emergency Medical Services Index (EMSI), which summarizes the performance of regional emergency medical services system, was developed. This study assesses the performance of the EMSI to help determine whether EMSI can be used as evaluation tool. Methods: To build a composite score of the EMSI from predefined 24 indicators, 3 normalized values were calculated for each indicator, the normalized values of each indicator were weighted using 4 weighting methods, and the weighted values were aggregated into the final composite score using 2 aggregation schemes. The performance of EMSI was evaluated using 3 criteria: discrimination, construct validity, and sensitivity. Discrimination was the proportion of regions that did not include the overall median rank in the 5th to 95th percentiles rank interval, which was calculated from Monte Carlo simulation. Construct validity was a correlation among the alternative EMSIs. Sensitivity of EMSIs was evaluated by total shift of quartile membership and changes of 5th to 95th percentile intervals. Results: The total discrimination performance of the EMSI was 50.0%. Correlation coefficients between EMSIs using standardized values and those using rescaled values ranged from 0.621 to 0.997. Variation of the quartile membership of regions ranged from 0.0% to 75.0%. The total change in the 5th to 95th percentile intervals ranged from -19 to +17 places. Conclusion: The results suggested that the EMSI could be used as a tool for evaluating quality of regional EMS system and for identifying the areas for quality improvement.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.29-49
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• 2008

설문조사에서 어떤 주제와 관련된 여러 항목들을 제시하고 응답자들의 가치 기준에 따라 응답하게 한 후, 그 응답들을 종합하여 항목들 간의 순위를 결정할 목적으로 설문을 제시하는 경우가 많이 있다. 이 경우 가장 일반적으로 사용하는 것이 순위척도(ranking scales)와 평정 척도(rating scales)이다. 순위척도 중에서도 주어진 항목들 중 가장 중요한 것을 하나 이상 선택하게 하는 축소순위척도(reduced ranking scales)가 많이 사용된다. 그러나 실제로 항목간의 순위를 결정하는 과정에서 순위응답을 고려하는 경우는 극히 드물다. 본 연구는 순위절차(ranking procedures)에 의한 설문응답에서, 순위응답을 고려하여 항목순위를 결정하는 방법들을 고찰하였다. 또 몇 가지 사례를 통해 그 방법들을 비교 분석하였으며, 이 과정에서 순위척도를 조건부평정척도로 간주하였다. 축소순위척도에 의한 항목순위결정의 경우, 1순위와 2순위 그리고 3순위에 각각 2와 1 그리고 0의 값을 부여함으로써 1순위의 응답비율을 희석하지 않으면서 2순위 응답비율을 적절히 수용하여 보다 합리적인 항목순위를 결정할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.179-187
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• 1996

Sampling of precipitation occurred at Woongchon in Choongnam from the period between May 1994 and April 1995 was made, and analysis on the data was carried out on observed pH values of the precipitations. It was found that weighted mean pH values were .sim. 4.8 and that acid rain occurred at the site of the Yellow Sea's coastal area. The results agree well with the earlier observations made at other sites of a background monitoring network. The annual values observed at the background monitoring sites were too low in comparison with the mean pH values (5.3 .sim. 5.9) obtained from urban stations of the Ministry of Environment. It was observed that values of pH in rain water often changed with time during the event of precipitation, and the low values usually depended on an airflow and a cyclone that originated in the source region.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.261-271
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• 1986

This paper describes a method for the state estimation considering current measurement component and detection of the bad data. The state values are estimated by weighted least square method in which measurement vector included bus injection current and line current. The bad data are detected using standardized variable of normal distribution and identified using sensitivity coefficients. When the bad data were occured by the bad measurement values. The results of the application to the model power system reveal the effectiveness of the presented algorithms.