• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1997

Asymmetrical posture during static stance has been identified as a common problem in persons with hemiplegia. This study examined the effect of a purposeful exercise training program on symmetrical weight bearing in three adult persons with hemiplegia. Multiple baseline design was used. The intervention program, including ball throwing and catching, rolling ball catching and throwing, and Swiss ball pulling and stopping was introduced for 15 minutes each day during each intervention phase. Quantitative measurement of the weight distribution was taken with the Limloader. Visual inspection and mean of data revealed a significant improvement in symmetrical weight distribution. This result suggests that a purposeful exercise training program can be effective in helping persons with hemiplegia achieve symmetric stances.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.339-350
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• 2005

This study is the quasi-experimental study on the gait training rehabilitation. The purpose of this study is to prepare the baseline data for most suitable of gait while we were scrutinizing how the walking characters, functional walking ability, gait quality of stroke patients were affected by the gait on BWSTT (Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training) through the change of treadmill velocity and body weight support. To accomplish this purpose, this study used thirty subjects, more than 3 months post stroke, for rehabilitation who were divided between two gait training groups they received the neurophysiological physical therapy. For 6 weeks, 5 times a week for 15 minutes per session, the BWSTT group participated in 30 sessions structured speed-dependent treadmill training with 30% body weight supported, and the ratio of body weight support was gradually decreased as the patients advanced the capability of more self-support. The OGT(Over Ground Training) group received the same quantity of equal sessions like BWSTT. Firstly, we measured the absolute improvement of walking velocity (m/s), capacity(min/m) and cadence(steps/min) among walking characters. Secondly, we measured the functional walking ability such as Functional Ambulatory Category(FAC, score out of 5), Modified Motor Assesment Scale(MMAS, score out of 6) and Gait Quality Chart(score out of 41). Data analysis was performed with using SPSS 10.0 win program. The descriptive analysis was used to obtain average and standard deviation. The independent t-test and the paired t-test were used to compare both the groups about pre and post training test. Treatment effects were established by pre and post assessment. Subjects tolerated the training well without side-effects. Therefore, the results of this study were as follows; 1. There was a more significant difference from the improvement of walking velocity(0.09m/s), endurance(4.53min/m), cadence(4.20steps/min), FAC(0.26score), MMAS(0.33 score) and hip joint and pelvic of gait quality(0.39 score) ever before in the BWSTT group(p<.05). 2. There was a more significant increase from the walking velocity(0.01m/s) in the OGT group(p<.05). 3. There was a more statistical significant increase from comparing the average of walking velocity in both groups ever before(0.42m/s in BWSTT group and 0.31m/s in OGT group)(p<.05). There was a statistical significant difference from the average of cadence in both groups(61.87step/min in BWSTT group and 3.60steps/min in OGT group)(p<.05). As we can see from above, the findings suggest that BWSTT may be more effective than the OGT for improving some gait parameters such as gait velocity and cadency. This conclusion also suggest that BWSTT is more effective for the improvement of gait of stroke patients.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.91-108
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• 1996

본 실험은 골격의 위축이 일어난 노화 횐 쥐를 사용하여 단기간동안 트레드밀 훈련과 웨이트 트레이닝을 시켰을 때 골격근에 나타나는 변화들을 고찰하고자 고안되었다. 출생 후 24개월 된 수컷 횐 쥐를 사용하여 대조군과 트레드밀 훈련군, 웨이트 트레이닝군으로 구분하여 각 군별로 4주간 훈련시켜 각 군의 골격근은 조직 및 조직화학, 미세구조 및 세포 화학적 연구 및 입체해석학적 연구에 적용하였다. 각 훈련 기간동안 개체의 체중과 근육의 무게는 큰 변화가 없었고, 근섬유의 분포양상은 트레드밀 훈련군에서는 IIB형과 IIC형이 증가를 한 반면 IIA형은 감소를 하였고 I형의 근섬유 조성은 변화가 없었다 웨이트 트레이닝 후에는 IIA와 IIB형이 증가를 한 반면 IIC형은 감소하였다. 그러나 모든 근섬유 조성의 변화에는 유의성이 없었다. 노화 대조군의 조직구조 및 미세구조의 특징은 노화색소의 출현, 약한 수축대의 출현, 근섬유들의 분할현상 등이 관찰되었다 트레드밀 훈련 후에는 손가락형의 돌출부를 포함한 근초의 불규칙성이 나타났으며, 밝은 띠의 확장으로 인한 Z-선의 불규칙한 배열, 공포화, 장축과 평행한 근섬유의 분할현상이 나타났으며, 웨이트 트레이닝 후에는 많은 용해소체들과 함께 포식소자를 함유한 자가용해소체들이 나타났으며 심한 수축대가 나타났고 근원섬유들의 배열이 와해되는 현상도 나타났다. 조직화학 및 세포화학적인 측면에서 succinic dehydrogenase와 acid phosphatase는 활성도의 변화가 거의 없었으며, $Mg^{++}$-­ATPase의 활성은 훈련 후 약간 감소하는 경향이었다. 미세구조의 입체해석학적 분석에서는 측량한 구조물들의 체적밀도와 수밀도는 변화가 거의 없었고 사립체 내막의 표면밀도만 트레드밀 훈련군에서 증가되었다. 이상의 결과에서 볼 때 단기간의 지구력 훈련을 실시할 경우는 노화 골격근은 잘 적응하여 골격근의 위축 방지에 효율적이었으나 웨이트 트레이닝은 노화 골격근의 위축방지에 영향을 주지 못하였다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2019

In order to provide a safe free-weight-training environment to people without workout trainers, we suggest a smart bench press machine with an automatic weight control system sensitive to user tiredness. Physical weight plates on the machine are replaced with a hydraulic cylinder as a press load and the cylinder knob is coupled with a step motor to change its tensile force automatically in-between lifting exercises. Three subjects participated to verify the usability of the smart bench press machine. They were asked to lift a 6-RM press load 10 times with 3 different lifting conditions: 1) no assistance, 2) a human assistance, and 3) the automatic weight control. All subjects were not able to complete the 10 sets without assistance due to tiredness, but they finished the full sets under the two assistive conditions. Average lifting speeds under the automatic weight control condition showed the most consistent level. Normalized quasi-tension data based on surface electromyogram signals of both Pectoralis Majors revealed that the subjects maintained the target muscle activation level above 50% but not more than 80% throughout the 10 sets. Therefore, the smart bench press machine is expected to both keep pace with the lifting exercise and reduce risk of injuries due to excessive muscle tensions.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2006

A breeding programme was initiated during 2001 utilizing two polyvoltine silkworm breeds viz. $BL_{69}$, an evolved breed tolerant to high temperature and MAR, comparatively resistant to Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) with the objective to develop robust polyvoltine breeds and hybrids. The breed $NP_1$ was developed by exposing the fifth instar larvae to high temperature $(36{\pm}1^{\circ}C)$, high Relative Humidity ($85{\pm}5%$ R.H.) and inoculating third instar larvae with BmNPV inoculum. At $F_{12}$, the breed was tested for hybrid forming ability utilizing six bivoltine silkworm breeds viz. $CSR_2,\;CSR_4,\;CSR_{17},\;CSR_{18},\;CSR_{19}\;and\;NB_4D_2$. The hybrid $'NP_1{\times}CSR_{17}'$ exhibited its superiority by recording 97.2% survival, 1.892 g cocoon weight, 0.406 g cocoon shell weight, 21.5% cocoon shell ratio, 16.6% raw silk percentage and 890 m filament length whereas the control $(PM{\times}CSR_2)$ has recorded 90.2% survival, 1.599 g cocoon weight, 0.304 g cocoon shell weight, 18.9% cocoon shell ratio, 13.1 % raw silk percentage and 768 m filament length. Commercial exploitation of the new $polyvoltine{\times}bivoltine$ hybrid in sericulture industry has been discussed.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2012

This study assessed the amount of energy consumed and fat deposition after endurance training in order to review the effect of 4-week endurance exercise on resting metabolic rate of a mouse during and after exercise and the effect of exercise. A total of 19 seven-week-old ICR male mice were used as the study subject. Those mice were divided into sedentary group (Sed) and trained group (Tr) after a week of environment adaption. The Tr group was trained with endurance exercise five times a week for four weeks. Weight and the amount of food intake were daily weighed and resting metabolic rate and metabolic rate after exercise were assessed before starting exercise and on the fourth week after training. Metabolic rate during exercise were measured four weeks after training. At the end of breeding period, statistically significant difference was shown in weights of trained and sedentary groups (p < 0.05). During a resting period, no significant difference was shown in oxygen intake, respiratory exchange ratio, and the amount of carbohydrate and fat oxidized. Moreover, no significant difference was shown in excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of an hour period after training. In contrast, the maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂ max) was approximately 11.1% higher in trained group after training compare to before. However, there was no significant difference in respiratory exchange ratio and carbohydrate and fat oxidization. During exercise, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, and respiratory exchange ratio in energy metabolism during exercise showed no significant difference. However, significant difference was exhibited in the amount of fat oxidized in both groups. Summing up those results, endurance exercise could be concluded to be effective in weight control. However, weight loss is thought to be resulted from increase in fat oxidization during exercise unlike the conclusion made from previous studies where weight loss is prominently influenced by energy metabolism during a resting period and increased fat oxidation during post-exercise recovery. All experimental procedures were carried out at the Animal Experiment Research Center of Konkuk University. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the Konkuk University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 1993

To investigate the effects of exercise-training on serum lipids, fat distribution and several parameters of body fatness(percent body fat, skinfolds thickness, body circumference) were assessed in 24 healthy male subjects submitted to an 8-wk high intensive exercise-training. Blood sample was taken twice, per and post exercise-training, Exercise-training took place 5 days a week and daily energy intake and expenditure were observed. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Through exercise-training body weight (changes : 1.1$\pm$1.1kg ; p=0.000) and percent body fat (changes : 2.4$\pm$1.3% ; p=0.000) decreased significantly . 2) Suprailiac was the most reduced site by exercise-training among eight site skinfolds. Central skinfolds were changed more by exercise-training than peripheral skinfolds with reduction of 1.7$\pm$1.7mm and 0.2$\pm$1.9mm. Central site circumferences were reduced more by exercise-training than peripheral site circumferences. 3) Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were not significantly changed by exercise-training while only triglyceride decreased (changes : 20.7$\pm$44.8mg/dl ; p<0.05). Changes in body weight were grately related to changes in total cholesterol. Changes in deep abdominal adipose tissue were related to changes in triglyceride.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2004

The combining abilities in the 5 newly evolved thermo tolerant breeds viz., SR6, SR7, SR8 SR9 and SR10 of silkworm Bombyx mori L. and their 15 hybrids were made in a line${\times}$tester crossing programme. Data were analysed for seven quantitative traits i.e., pupation rate, cocoon yield, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio, filament length and raw silk percentage under optimum room temperature $(25{\pm}{1^{\circ}C})$ conditions (In case of high temperature $(36{\pm}{1^{\circ}C})$ stress conditions five economic traits except filament length and raw silk percentage) with 3 widely adapted testers i.e., KA, CSR2 and CC1 as lines (females) and testers (males) respectively. The performance at high temperature and low humidity conditions aye only taken into consideration for selecting the best lines/hybrids. Among the lines SR6 exhibited positive General combining ability (GCA) effects for pupation rate, cocoon yield, cocoon weight and cocoon shell ratio traits, followed by SR7 for pupation rate, cocoon yield and cocoon shell weight and cocoon shell ratio. Among testers, KA exhibited positive GCA effects for two quantitative traits cocoon yield, cocoon weight and CSR2 for cocoon shell weight and cocoon shell ratio under adverse temperature conditions. The hybrid SR6${\times}$CC1 and SR7${\times}$CSR2 exhibited significant positive Specific combining ability (SCA) effects for majority of the traits in high temperature stress conditions of rearing. The better parent value of heterosis(Heterobeltiosis) was exhibited by the hybrid SR6${\times}$CC1 for pupation rate, cocoon yield, cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight and SR7${\times}$CSR2 for all the trails evaluated under high temperature conditions. Based on the results, the lines SR6 and SR7 was judged as best combiners and the hybrids SR6${\times}$CC1 and SR7${\times}$CSR2 can be selected for commercial exploitation in tropical climate.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1109-1112
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• 2003

Information technology has enabled mass standards calibration to be performed through internet. For this, an automatic weight handler was manufactured. During the operation the images of weight operation and the system are provided via the measurement system and a web server. The measurement system consists of a balance, a weight handler, instruments for environment measurement and a PC. The weight handler automatically loads and unloads weights on and from the weighing pan. The weight handler allows 6 series weights to be operated for weight calibration of 100-50-20-20-10-10 gram series weight. This capability could be used for "remote training" for series weight calibration.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1669-1675
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• 2018

The present study aimed to investigate rapid weight loss (RWL) and consequent physical and psychological challenges among judo athletes at the national athlete training center in 2017. The following results were obtained. Judo athletes used weight loss methods such as "gradually reduce meal portion," "skip meals," "limit water intake," "wear sweat suit for training," and "use sauna," and had physical and mental distress from such unhealthy weight management practices. Information about weight loss was obtained from "colleagues or senior athletes," "Internet," and "head coach or coach," and not experts such as nutritionists or physicians. Thus, athletes are recommended to employ healthy weight control methods based on advice from experts, such as nutritionists and physicians.