• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.239-268
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• 2007

This paper deals with optimal stacking sequence design of laminate composite structures. The stacking sequence optimisation of laminate composites is formulated as a combinatorial problem and is solved using Simulated Annealing (SA), an algorithm devised based on inspiration of physical process of annealing of solids. The combinatorial constraints are handled using a correction strategy. The SA algorithm is strengthened by embedding Tabu search in order to prevent recycling of recently visited solutions and the resulting algorithm is referred to as tabu embedded simulated Annealing (TSA) algorithm. Computational performance of the proposed TSA algorithm is enhanced through cache-fetch implementation. Numerical experiments have been conducted by considering rectangular composite panels and composite cylindrical shell with different ply numbers and orientations. Numerical studies indicate that the TSA algorithm is quite effective in providing practical designs for lay-up sequence optimisation of laminate composites. The effect of various neighbourhood search algorithms on the convergence characteristics of TSA algorithm is investigated. The sensitiveness of the proposed optimisation algorithm for various parameter settings in simulated annealing is explored through parametric studies. Later, the TSA algorithm is employed for multi-criteria optimisation of hybrid composite cylinders for simultaneously optimising cost as well as weight with constraint on buckling load. The two objectives are initially considered individually and later collectively to solve as a multi-criteria optimisation problem. Finally, the computational efficiency of the TSA based stacking sequence optimisation algorithm has been compared with the genetic algorithm and found to be superior in performance.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.574-581
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• 2004

The full-length cDNA of the lumbrokinase fraction 6 (F6) protease gene of Lumbricus rubellus was amplified using an mRNA template, sequenced and expressed in E. coli cells. The F6 protease gene consisted of pro- and mature sequences by gene sequence analysis, and the protease was translated and modified into active mature polypeptide by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the F6 protease. The pro-region of F6 protease consisted of the 44 residues from methionine-1 to lysine-44, and the mature polypeptide sequence (239 amino acid residues and one stop codon; 720 bp) started from isoleucine-45 and continued to the terminal residue. F6 protease gene clones having pro-mature sequence and mature sequence produced inclusion bodies in E. coli cells. When inclusion bodies were orally administrated rats, generated thrombus weight in the rat' venous was reduced by approximately 60% versus controls. When the inclusion bodies were solubilized in pepsin and/or trypsin solutions, the solubilized enzymes showed hemolytic activity in vitro. It was concluded the F6 protease has hemolytic activity, and that it is composed of pro- and mature regions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.125.3-126
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• 2003

A near full-length sequence of a new tobamovirus infecting Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. was determined. The genome consists of 58 nucleotides (nt) 5' UTR, followed by a 4.9 kb ORF which methyl transferase helicase domain (128 kDa), readthrough protein RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) 185 kDa and a 52 kDa protein. The 128 kDa protein had a maximum homology of 51.4 ％ to TMGMV and amino acids (an) were 54.3 ％ identical to TMV- vulgare strain. The 185 kDa RdRp had a maximum homology of 53.5％ to TMV-Ob and KGMMV-Y and a 59.6％ homology at the an level to CGMMV-SH. The MP gene encodes 282 aa and its theoretical molecular weight is 30.4 kDa. The nt and an sequence identities of MP ranged from 38.8％ to 43.9％ and 30.9％ to 37.9％, respectively. The CP gene encodes 163 residues and with a theoretical molecular weight of 18.2 kDa The (nt) and aa sequences of the CP were 46.9 ％ to 51.6％ and 45.3％ to 57.1％ identical to other tobamoviruses, respectively. The predicted virion origin of assembly (OAS) was located in the CP gene. Phylogenetic trees generated based on the nt and as sequences of RdRp, MP and CP genes indicated that this new virus clustered with subgroup II tobamoviruses. Although the CP ORF of this virus shared a high nt and aa sequence identity with Sunn-hemp mosaic virus (SHMV), Western analysis showed that it is serologically unrelated to SHMV. We propose the name Hibiscus virus S (HVS) for this Singapore isolate. This is the first report on a near full-length sequence of a Tobamovirus that infects hibiscus.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.241-245
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• 2002

During the breeding season of 1998, breeding ecology of the Great Reed-Warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus orientalis) was studied at Yangsoo-ri and Yongdam-ri of the Yangpyung-gun, Kyunggi province, Korea. Egg-weight (CV: 6.25) was more variable than either length or breadth, and breadth was the least variable of the measures. Significant variations in overall egg-weight occurred between clutches, and that more of the total variation in egg-weight and shape are due to inter-clutch variation as to intra-clutch variation when the data were pooled. The last egg tends to be larger than the remaining eggs in the clutch of the Great Reed-Warbler, suggesting the Great Reed-Warbler may adopt the brood-survival strategy. When method 3 was used, the most common incubation period is 12 days. In the Great Reed-Warbler, the length of the incubation period was related to clutch-size when method 1 (r=0.485, p<0.05) and method 2 (r=0.621, p<0.01) were employed, but not related to egg weight. The averagee number of days of hatching asynchrony was 2.5, raging 0.5~2.5. Asynchronous hatching was related to the clutch size (r=0.66, p<0.01). Hatching sequence was closely related to the laying sequence (r=0.93, p<0.001), suggesting Great Reed-Warblers incubate their eggs before clutch completion. The effect of egg weight on hatching asynchrony was found in Great Reed-Warblers (t-test, p<0.01).

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2006

The nucleotide sequence of the cloned cellulolytic xylanase gene (bglBC2) from B. circulans ATCC21367 was determined. bglBC2 consists of an 1,224 bp open reading frame (ORF) coding for a polypeptide of 407 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 45 kDa. The Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence (5'-AAAGGAG-3') was found 9 bp upstream of the initiation codon, ATG. A promoter region corresponding closely to the B. subtilis consensus sequence (-35: TTGACA,-10: TATAAT) was detected, the putative -35 and -10 sequences of which were TTTACA and TATACT, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cellulolytic xylanase showed 97% homology with that of the alkaline $endo-\beta-1,4-glucanase$ from B. circulans KSM-N257, 75% homology with that of the $endo-\beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase$ from B. circulans WL-12, and 45% homology with that of the $endo-\beta-1,4-glucanase$ (cellulase) from Bacillus sp. KSM-330. The bglBC2 sequence was deposited in Gen-Bank under the accession number AY269256.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.242-245
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• 1999

In aerospace industry improvement of structural performance of flight structure without increasing weight has great advantage. In this study, an innovative design method to increase the buckling load and tension failure load at the same time without increasing the weight was investigated by using the curvilinear fiber format in composite plates with central hole. It was investigated how much gain can be obtained with curvilinear fiber format for the plates with different hole size and different stacking sequence.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 1994

Poly(A)+ RNA was selected from Canavalia lineata root nodule RNA through oligo(dT) cellulose column and used for construction of a cDNA library using λgt10-EcoRI arms. The size of the library was 7.2$\times$105 pfu/mL. A full length leghemoglobin (Lb) cDNA clone, pCILb1(687 bp) isolated with soybean Lb probe, contained one open reading frame (ORF) of 447 bp with 54 bp plus 186 bp at 5' and 3' untranslated region, respectively. A consensus sequence of plant translation start region (AAAATGGG) was found at 5' untranslated region, and two polyadenylation-related sequence (AATAAA, AATAAG) and a conserved motif between them (gACTTGTT) were found upstream of poly(A)+ tail consisted of 13 (A)s at 3' untranslated region. The ORF encoded a polypeptide consisted of 149 amino acids with a molecular weight of 16.2 kD. Deduced amino acid sequences showed high degree of homology values with those of other Lbs ranging from 66% (Casuarina glauca) to 85% (Glycine max).

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.175-178
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• 1993

Alkaline .alpha.-amylase expressed in the transformant, Baciollus subtills MB809, containing alkaline amylase gene cloned from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. AL-8, was purified through for step separation processes. The purified alkaline .alpha.-amylase had molecular weight of app[roximately 59, 000 daltons on SDS-PAGE and Sephaex G-100 gel filtration. Amino acid sequence of terminal portion of the enzyme was analyzed with pure amylase eluted form the SDS-PAGE gel. N-terminal amino acid sequence of .alpha.-amylase was determined by the Edman degradation method and resulted in $NH_{2}$-ser-thr-ala-pro-ser-(ile)-lys-ala-gly-thr-(ile)-leu. For C-terminal amino acid sequencing, purified .alpha.-amylase was digested with carboxypuptidase A and B, and reverse-phase HPLC gradient elution system resulted in -thr-trp-pro-lys-COOH.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.5 s.176
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• pp.1193-1202
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• 2000

The paper describes the use of genetic algorithms (GA's) to the minimum weight design of stiffened composite panels for buckling constraints. The proposed design problem is characterized by mixture of continuous and discrete design variables corresponding to panel elements and stacking sequence of laminates, respectively. Design space is multimodal and non-convex, thereby introducing the need for global search strategies. Advanced strategies in GA's such as directed crossover, multistage search and separated crossover are adopted to improve search ability and to save computational resource requirements. The paper explores the effectiveness of genetic algorithms and their advanced strategies in designing stiffened composite panels under various uniaxial compressive load conditions and the linrlit on stacking sequence of laminates.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.345-353
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• 2015

Subnormality of bounded weighted composition operators on $L^2({\Sigma})$ of the form $Wf=uf{\circ}T$, where T is a nonsingular measurable transformation on the underlying space X of a ${\sigma}$-finite measure space (X, ${\Sigma}$, ${\mu}$) and u is a weight function on X; is studied. The standard moment sequence characterizations of subnormality of weighted composition operators are given. It is shown that weighted composition operators are subnormal if and only if $\{J_n(x)\}^{+{\infty}}_{n=0}$ is a moment sequence for almost every $x{{\in}}X$, where $J_n=h_nE_n({\mid}u{\mid}^2){\circ}T^{-n}$, $h_n=d{\mu}{\circ}T^{-n}/d{\mu}$ and $E_n$ is the conditional expectation operator with respect to $T^{-n}{\Sigma}$.