• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.211-214
• /
• 2013

The effects of a Ni coating on the sensing properties of nano ZnO:Ni based gas sensors were studied for $CH_4$ and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gases. Nano ZnO sensing materials were prepared by the hydrothermal reaction method. The Ni coatings on the nano ZnO surface were deposited by the hydrolysis of zinc chloride with $NH_4OH$. The weight % of Ni coating on the ZnO surface ranged from 0 to 10 %. The nano ZnO:Ni gas sensors were fabricated by a screen printing method on alumina substrates. The structural and morphological properties of the nano ZnO : Ni sensing materials were investigated by XRD, EDS, and SEM. The XRD patterns showed that nano ZnO : Ni powders with a wurtzite structure were grown with (1 0 0), (0 0 2), and (1 0 1) dominant peaks. The particle size of nano ZnO powders was about 250 nm. The sensitivity of nano ZnO:Ni based sensors for 5 ppm $CH_4$ gas and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas was measured at room temperature by comparing the resistance in air with that in target gases. The highest sensitivity of the ZnO:Ni sensor to $CH_4$ gas and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas was observed at Ni 4 wt%. The response and recovery times of 4 wt% Ni coated ZnO:Ni gas sensors were 14 s and 15 s, respectively.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.448-454
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to develop a 100 kPa soil tensiometer mainly consisted of a porous ceramic cup, water-holding tube, and a digital vacuum gauge, through theoretical design analysis and experimental performance evaluation. Major findings were as follows. 1. Theoretical analysis showed that air entry value of a porous media decreased as the maximum effective size of the pore increased, and the maximum diameter of the pores was $2.9\;{\mu}m$ for measuring up a 100 kPa of soil-water tension. 2. Property analysis of tensiometer porous cups supplied in Korean domestic market indicated that main components were $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ with a porosity range of $33.8{\sim}49.3%$. 3. The porous cup selected through sample fabrication and air-permeability tests showed weight ratios of 87% and 11% for $Al_2O_3$ and $SiO_2$. The analysis of SEM (scanning electron microscope) images showed that the sample was sintered at temperatures of about $1150^{\circ}C$, which consisted of pores with sizes of up to 25% of those for commercial porous cups. 4. The prototype soil tensiometer was fabricated using the developed porous cup and a digital vacuum gauge that could measure water tension with a pressure of 85 kPa in air tests. 5. In-soil tests of the prototype conducted during a period of 25-day drying showed that soil-water tension values measured with the prototype and commercial units were not significantly different, and soil-water characteristic curves could be established for different soils, confirming accuracy and stability of the prototype.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.285-292
• /
• 2016

Objective: This study collected data on muscle fatigue and ground reaction force during walking to provide a basis for development of custom-fitted outdoor walking shoes. The study analyzed an upright body exercise program using spine stabilization technique to determine the effect on foot plantar pressure in archers, demonstrate the effectiveness of upright body exercise, and develop a new, effective, and efficient training program. Method: A 12-week upright body exercise program was evaluated for the effect on plantar pressure in archers. Ten prize-winning archers (3 men, 7 women) in B metropolitan city, each with ${\geq}10years$ of experience, were given an explanation of the content and purpose of the program, and provided informed consent. Upright body exercise was performed 3 times a week for 12 weeks. A resistive pressure sensor was used to measure foot plantar pressure distribution and analyze quantitative information on variation in postural stability and weight shifting in dynamic balance during shooting, as well as plantar pressure in static balance with the eyes open and closed. Results: There were no significant differences in foot plantar pressure before and after participation in the exercise program. There was no statistically significant difference in foot plantar pressure in static balance with the eyes open or closed, or in foot plantar pressure in dynamic balance during shooting. Conclusion: An upright body exercise program had positive effects on foot plantar pressure in static and dynamic balance in archers by reducing body sway and physical imbalance during shooting and with eyes closed. This program is expected to help archers improve their posture and psychological state, and thereby improve performance.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.423-431
• /
• 2009

Standard uroflowmetry measures the urine weight using single load cell to evaluate the urinary flow rate. Impact noise should be introduced due to gravity when the urine stream falls down into the container upon the load cell. The present study placed three load cells on the three vertices of a regular triangle and the three signals were ensemble averaged to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) regardless of how the urination was made. Simulated urination experiment was performed with three different urine collection methods. In all three methods, SNR of the averaged signal was much higher than each load cell signals. With no urine collection device, the present signal averaging technique resulted in SNR values higher by 10~15 dB than when dual funnels or upper funnel were used to guide the urine stream. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the three point measurement followed by with ensemble averaging could enable accurate uroflowmetric test without any specially made urine collection devices.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.11-15
• /
• 2009

최근 국내에서는 PSC(Prestressed Concrete) 박스 거더 교량의 교폭을 늘리고 자중을 줄이기 위한 목적으로 박스의 수를 줄이는 대신 콘크리트 충진 FRP(Concrete Filled FRP, CFFRP) 스트럿을 상판 캔틸레버 부분에 설치하는 공법이 시공되고 있다. 이러한 CFFRP 스트럿은 사례가 많지 않은 교량 구조물로서 설계 및 시공에서의 불확실성을 제거하기 위해 교량 시스템에서의 스트럿 거동을 실험적으로 분석할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대상교량에 대해 현장시험을 실시하여 CFFRP 스트럿의 국부 거동을 분석하고자 한다. 특히 전자기파 간섭에 대해 면역이 우수한 광센서인 FBG(fiber Bragg grating) 센서를 기반으로 시험을 실시하여 잡음이 없는 우수한 응답을 성공적으로 획득하였다. 현장시험에서는 재하트럭의 속도와 횡방향 위치를 매개변수로 시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 CFFRP 스트럿은 하중재하 위치와 속도에 관계없이 압축상태에 존재하고 있으며, 통과 차량의 횡방향 위치가 CFFRP 스트럿의 거동에 민감한 요소임을 확인하였다.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제50권2호
• /
• pp.193-201
• /
• 2014

The sea cage in marine aquaculture might be varied such as on the stability and shape in the open sea by environmental factors. To evaluate the stability of net cage structures in the open sea, the physical and numerical modeling techniques were applied and compared with field observations. This study was carried out to analyse the stability and the volume loss which would have an effect on the fish swimming behavior in the octagonal pillar type fish cage under the open sea. As a results, the volume loss ratio of the fish cage as measured using a depth sensor was indicated a value of the 30.3% under the current velocity (1.1m/s). The fish cage should be consisted of a concrete block with a weight over 10 tons, a mooring rope diameter over 28mm PP, and a shackle of 25mm under the current speed of 1m/sec for reasonable stability.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.97-99
• /
• 2018

The aim of this study is to determine whether subcutaneous temperature (ST) was correlated with rectal temperature (RT) in cattle with inducing artificial fever. In order to determine the correlation between their temperatures, the experiment was performed as follow: Among nine Holstein steers, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intravenously administered at a dose of $0.5{\mu}g/kg$ of body weight to six Holstein steer, then, 6 ml of saline was administrated to three steers as a control group. After LPS injection, ST was recorded using subcutaneously implanted thermo-logger sensors at 10-min intervals, and RT was measured using a digital thermometer at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 12 h. In steers with LPS injection, RT was highest at 3 to 4 h and recovered to a pre-challenge temperature at 8-22 h. A similar fluctuation was shown in ST except for an unexpected decrease at 1 h, and a positive correlation between RT and ST was observed in LPS-challenged steers (r = 0.497, P = 0.04). This result suggests that ST could be utilized as an index for early detection of infectious diseases or physiological events.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
• /
• 제44권4호통권316호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2007

지상파 측위와 같이 사용자와 센서간의 거리가 짧은 경우에는 GN (Gauss-Newton) 방법을 이용하여 구한 추정치가 발산하기도 한다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival) 측정치에 대해서는 QCLS (Quadratic Correction Least Square) 방법이 개발되었으나 추정치의 오차가 다소 크다는 문제점을 보였다. 본 논문에서는 가중최소자승법을 도입하여 기존 QCLS 방법의 성능을 개선하는 방안을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법에서 사용하는 가중행렬이 미지변수인 사용자 위치의 함수이기 때문에 먼저 가중행렬의 추정치를 구한 후 이를 이용하여 사용자 위치 추정치를 구하는 단계별 추정 방식을 제안하였다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안한 방법의 성능이 기존 QCLS 방법보다 항상 우수함을 보였으며, Gauss-Newton 방법이 수렴하는 경우 두 가지 방법이 대등한 성능을 보였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.64-69
• /
• 1992

Blanching 처리가 고추의 건조율 및 색도에 미치는 효과를 조사하고자 실험실 규모의 열풍 건조기를 제작하였으며 strain gage형의 load cell과 strain amplifier를 이용하여 건조 중의 중량을 연속적으로 기록, 측정하였다. 고추의 건조특성곡선은 대조군에서는 예비, 항율, 감율건조기간이 뚜렷한 반면, blanching 처리군은 감율건조기간만 존재하였으며, 시료의 건조율과 건조상수 값은 blanching 처리 온도와 시간에 비례하여 증가하는 경향이었고, $100^{\circ}C$, 3분 blanching 처리군이 가장 높게 나타났다. Capsanthin 함량 역시 대조군에 비해 처리군이blanching 처리온도와 시간에 비례하였으며 색도 값의 경우 $80^{\circ}C$, 3분 blanching군이 가장 우수하였다. blanching 처리는 전반적으로 고추의 건조율 증진 및 색도 보존에 효과적이며 $80^{\circ}C$, 3분 blanching 처리가 비교적 적합하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제37권1C호
• /
• pp.54-62
• /
• 2012

IEEE 802.11 물리/MAC 계층을 기반으로 무선 다중 홉 연결을 제공하는 Wi-Fi 메쉬 네트워크는 RFID 시스템과 무선 센서 네트워크를 위한 네트워크 인프라로 최근 각광받고 있다. 그런데, 현재의 IEEE 802.11 기술의 경쟁 기반 MAC 프로토콜은 빈번한 프레임 충돌(Collision)과 자원 미사용(Idle)으로 인해 Wi-Fi 메쉬 네트워크가 제공하는 용량(Capacity)을 충분하게 활용하지 못하는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 Wi-Fi 메쉬 네트워크의 수율을 최대화하기 위한 다중 채널 스케줄링 MAC (MCS-MAC) 프로토콜을 제시한다. MCS-MAC 프로토콜은 IEEE 802.11 무선 채널의 특징인 이차적 간섭 모형(Secondary Interference Model) 하에서 프레임 충돌이 없이 최대 가중치를 가지는 링크들을 활성화하여 Wi-Fi 네트워크의 수율을 극대화하는 특징을 가지고 있다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안하는 MCS-MAC 프로토콜이 기존에 알려진 동적 MAC 프로토콜들에 비해 최소 세 배 이상 수율을 향상할 수 있음을 보인다.