• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1051-1058
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the improvement effect of obesity by treatment with a developed low frequency electrical stimulation system. Thirty female in their 20's as an experiment subjects divided 3 groups(control, commercialized device, developed device) were treated with electrical stimulation on abdomen for 4 weeks. The body weight, body mass index(BMI), waist-hip ratio(WHR), muscle strength, muscle(transverse abdominis(TrA), internal obliquus abdominis(IO), external obliquus abdominis(EO)), fat thickness and abdominal surface temperature were measured by electromyogram(EMG), ultrasound and digital infrared thermal image(DITI). In the result, the body weight and BMI were decreased. Subcutaneous abdominal fat were significantly reduced after 4 weeks. The muscle strength and TrA muscle thickness was increased 13.2%(p<0.05), and 35.5%, respectively. The fat thickness showed decrease in abdomen (p<0.05). Infrared measurement on abdominal surface temperature as a parameter of improvement in blood circulation was significantly increased(p<0.05). Therefore, the low frequency stimulation showed positive effects on parameters of the obesity improvement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.712-720
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich microalgae, Aurantiochytrium limacinum (AURA) on pig performance, carcass traits, and the fatty acid composition of pork Longissimus lumborum (LL) and backfat. Methods: A total of 144 Pig Improvement Company (PIC)${\times}$Goland finishing pigs (72 females and 72 castrated males) of mean weight 117.1 (${\pm}13.1$) kg were blocked by sex and body weight and provided with 0% or 1% AURA in isonutritive and isocaloric diets. A total of 24 pens provided 12 replicates per treatment. Animals were weighed on day 0 and 28 with feed and water intake recorded per pen. After 31 days supplementation (28 days of study and 3 days until the slaughtering date) three animals per pen (n = 72) were slaughtered and the LL and backfat thickness, lean meat content and dressing percentage were recorded for the carcasses. The fatty acid (FA) profile of the LL and backfat was established by direct FA methyl ester synthesis. Results: No differences were observed for any performance parameters or carcass traits. Supplementation with AURA resulted in significant changes to the FA profiles of both the LL and backfat with male and female pigs responding differently to supplementation in terms of particular FAs. Overall, pork LL samples had significantly higher eicosapentaenoic acid (p<0.001) and DHA concentrations (p<0.001), and higher omega-3 (n-3) FAs (p<0.001), as well as an increased omega3:omega6 (n-3:n-6) ratio (p = 0.001). For backfat, supplementation resulted in significantly higher amounts of DHA (p<0.001) and n-3 FAs (p<0.001). Conclusion: These results indicate that dietary supplementation with 1% AURA over a 31 day period can increase the FA composition of pork LL and backfat, specifically the DHA, with no major impact on growth performance and carcass traits.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1221-1229
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• 2018

Objective: A study was conducted to evaluate the varietal differences among faba bean straws and also to assess the potentials of faba bean straws supplemented with concentrate fed at the rate 70% straws and 30% concentrate mixture on feed intake, digestibility, body weight gain and carcass characteristics of the animals. Methods: Forty yearling Arsi-Bale sheep with initial body weight of $19.85{\pm}0.29kg$ (mean${\pm}$standard deviation) were grouped in a randomized complete block design into eight blocks of five animals each based on their initial body weight. Straws included in the study were from Mosisa (T1M), Walki (T2W), Degaga (T3D), Shallo (T4S), and local (T5L) varieties of faba bean and concentrate (2:1 ratio of wheat bran to "noug" seed cake). The experiment consisted of seven days of digestibility and 90 days of feeding trials followed by evaluation of carcass parameters at the end. Results: Local variety had lower (p<0.05) in grain and straw yield compared to improved varieties but higher in crude protein, metabolizable energy contents and in vitro organic matter digestibility. The apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein of sheep fed Walki and Mosisa straws were higher than (p<0.05) straws from Shallo varieties. Sheep fed Walki straw had greater (p<0.05) dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency than sheep fed local and Shallo straws. Slaughter body weight and empty body weight were higher (p<0.05) for sheep fed Mosisa and Walki straws as compared to sheep fed Shallo straws. Apart from this, the other carcass components were not affected (p>0.05) by variety of the faba bean straws. Conclusion: There is significant varietal differences between faba bean straws both in quality and quantity. Similarly, significant variation was observed in feed intake, digestibility, body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency among sheep fed different straws of faba bean varieties with concentrate supplement. Based on these results, Walki and Mosisa varieties could be recommended as pulse crop rotation with cereals in the study area.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1689-1697
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three kinds of organic acid (OA) products on the growth performance, intestinal characteristics and morphology, and cecal microflora in broilers fed a corn-soybean meal meal diet. Methods: A total of 420 one-day-old male Cobb 500 broilers with an average initial body weight of 49.11±1.02 g were used in this 42-day experiment. Birds were randomly allotted to one of five treatments (7 replicates with 12 birds per replicate). Treatments consisted of negative control (NC), basal diet; positive control (PC), basal diet+100 mg/kg of Aviramycin; OA1, basal diet+500 mg/kg of OA product 1; OA2, basal diet+1,000 mg/kg of OA product 2; and OA3, basal diet+1,200 mg/kg of OA product 3. Results: The results indicated that OA product addition had no effect on growth performance parameters, such as body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio, from days 1 to 14, 15 to 28, and 0 to 42, or on the pH values of the intestine, intestinal weight, or intestinal weight to body weight ratio. The intestinal morphology in terms of villus height and crypt depth were affected by dietary supplementation of OA products, respectively. Furthermore, dietary addition of OAs had positive influences on the maintenance of the cecal microflora based on the results of 16S rRNA analysis. Conclusion: Dietary inclusion of three kinds of OA products all benefit broilers, but the mode of action may be different. This study provides a basis for the application of OA products used in the poultry industry.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.358-362
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• 2004

Characteristics of cell growth and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-4HB)] synthesis was investigated through flask and batch cultures of Alcaligenes latus and Comamonas acidovorans. The specific growth rate of C. acidovorans increased with yeast extract concentration and decreased with 1,4-butanediol concentration. Optimum glucose concentration for growth of C. acidovorans was 20 g/L. In one-step flask cultures of C. acidovorans, final dry cell weight and PHA content decreased with the ratio of 1,4-butanediol to glucose, while the 4HB fraction in copolymers gradually increased to 100 $mol\%$ with an initial 1,4-butanediol concentration of 20 g/L as single carbon source. The specific growth rate of A. latus decreased with v-butyrolactone concentration and optimum sucrose concentration for growth was 10 g/L. In batch cultures of A. latus, 4HB fraction increased with initial v-butyrolactone concentration. P(3HB-co-4HB) with 19 $mol\%$ 4HB was obtained when the initial ratio of v-butyloractone (g/L) to sucrose (g/L) was 10 : 10.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.12-22
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• 2021

Objectives: This study examined the association between the dietary behavior and weight status of preschool children and their mothers in Daejeon, Korea. Methods: A total of 301 mother-preschool children (aged 3~6 years) dyads were included in this study. The dietary behavior of children and their mothers was assessed using the Nutrition Quotient (NQ) questionnaire for preschoolers and adults, respectively. The NQ questionnaires were completed by the mothers. The overweight/obesity status of children and their mothers was determined using data on height and body weight reported by the mothers. Multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between the dietary behavior and weight status of children and their mothers. Results: The mean NQ score was 58.9 ± 9.7 in children and 55.6 ± 9.2 in mothers. The NQ score was higher in boys than girls but did not vary by age. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 27.5% in children and 46.5% in mothers. The physical activity level of mothers and their NQ scores were positively associated with the NQ scores of the children. After adjustment for covariates, the mothers in the highest tertile of NQ scores showed a lower odds ratio (OR) for the unhealthy dietary behavior of children (OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.11~0.53, P < 0.001) compared to those in the lowest tertile. The obese mothers showed a higher OR for children's overweight/obesity (OR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.68~6.80, P = 0.001) compared to normal weight mothers. Conclusions: The dietary behavior and weight status of young children and their mothers were closely linked. Nutrition education programs targeting mothers are necessary for improving maternal and child nutrition. Specifically, these programs need to be tailored to the socioeconomic characteristics or weight status of mothers.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.190-193
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• 2007

대농갱이, Leiocassis ussuriensis의 유도된 자성발생성 이배체의 초기 생존율, 초기 성장 및 성비를 분석하였다. 대농갱이 자성발생성 이배체는 일반 대농갱이 이배체 대조군과 비교 시 부화 180일까지 생존 및 성장 형질에서 모두 차이를 나타내지 않았다(P>0.05). 자성발생성 이배체는 부화 10주째 암수 판별이 용이한 수준의 난모세포 발달 정도를 보였고 일반 대농갱이 암컷과 난소 발달에 있어 유사하였다. 부화 10주째 생식소 조직학적 분석 결과 일반 대농갱이 이배체 자손들은 1:1의 암수 비율을 나타낸 반면, 자성발생성 이배체 자손들은 모두 암컷으로 판별됨으로써 본 어종의 성 결정 기구는 XX-XY를 기본으로 하는 암컷 동형접합형인 것으로 나타났다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.78-82
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• 2008

Plastic gears are more and more widely used in many industrial machine elements. Plastic gear has higher properties such as light weight, wear resistance, and vibration absorbing ability than metallic gears. But, in case of using an inaccurate plastic gear, its tooth breakage happen and fatigue life is shortened due to increase of applying load and temperature rising on the tooth flank. Inaccuracy of plastic gears such as pitch circle roundness and tooth profile generates vibration and noise. In this study, an internal plastic gears which is molded by a new injection mold structure are developed. The new mold structure is called the HR3P(hot runner type 3plate mold) that has an improved runner system in order to have good filling balance. As a result from this study, an internal gear with very accurate roundness was developed by using design of experiment.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.267-274
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• 1993

본 연구에서는 지렁이의 분립과 토양의 혼합비율이 Orchardgrass 유식물체의 생육에 미치는 영향을 조사함으로서 생육에 적합한 혼합비율을 추정하였다. 지렁이의 분립과 토양의 혼합비율은 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80, 0:100으로 하였다. 분립 60%의 혼합구에서 지상부와 뿌리의 건물중 및 생물학적 수량이 다른 혼합구보다 많아서 Orchardgrass 유식물체의 생육에 가장 적합한 혼합비율로 추정되었다. 이때 토양조건은 pH 6.16, 유기물함량 13.84%, 전질소량 0.84%, 유효인산함량 1413.9 ppm, 양분보전능 me/100g이였다. 생물학적 수량은 지상부와 뿌리의 건물중과 개체당 경수 및 1경중과 유의한 정상관이 존재하였다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2012

본 시험은 토종 실용계 생산을 위한 2원 교배종 종계의 산란기 능력을 조사하기 위해 수행하였다. 공시계는 국립축산과학원에서 품종복원 및 토착화한 토종 순종계의 2원 교배종 암컷 480수를 이용하였다. 시험 설계는 발생된 4교배종 병아리를 각각 A) C계통${\times}$S계통, B) C계통${\times}$H계통, C) R계통${\times}$S계통, D) L계통${\times}$H계통으로 하여 총 4처리구로 하고, 교배종에 따라 각각 4반복, 반복당 30수씩 총 480수를 완전임의 배치하였다. 시산일령, 시산난중 및 시산시의 체중은 교배종 사이에서 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 20주령과 64주령의 체중은 교배종 간 유의차가 없었으나(P>0.05), 24, 32, 40 및 60주령에서는 다른 교배종에 비해 D교배종이 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 사료 섭취량은 A교배종에서 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 주령에 따른 평균난중은 48~52주령, 60~64주령에서 교배종 간 차이가 없었으나(P>0.05), 다른 주령에서는 A교배종의 평균난중이 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 산란기 전체의 평균난중은 A교배종이 C와 D교배종보다 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 사료 효율은 C교배종이 다른 교배종에 비해 저조하였다(P<0.05). 주령별 산란지수는 A와 B교배종이 C와 D교배종보다 높았다(P<0.05). 산란율은 36주령 이후 계속적으로 감소하는 경향이었으며, A와 B교배종이 C와 D교배종에 비해 산란율이 높았다(P<0.05). 이런 결과들은 한국토종닭 실용계 생산을 위한 2원 교배종 종계의 산란기 성적에 대한 기초적인 자료로서 이용될 것이라 사료된다.