• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.120-124
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• 1994

Browse from oriental white oak(Quercus aliena Blume) was analysed for nutritive value and biomass estimation. The content of cmde protein was high on August and September. NDF, ADF and lignin contents were increased with progressing the seasons but IVDMD, TDN, DE and ME levels were not different from the variation of seasons. Tannin content was high on May and June. Basal stem diameter $\times$ height of tress was highly correlated with browse dry weights(r=0.80**) and the linear regression equation are the follows; Y = 8.23 + O.57X(Y = browse dry weight(g), X= basal stem diameter $\times$ height(cm)). Using the traditional cutting method, the amounts of browse was determined as 823 g dry weight per tree, while the new method by the above equation gave a similar results, i. e., 793 g dry weight per tree. The possibility of browse biomass estimation of oriental white oak by the basal stem diameter $\times$ height index was found.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.259-278
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• 1995

This study was done to investigate levels of physical fitness, self efficacy(SE), instrumental activities of daily living(IADL), and quality of life (QL), and their relationships among the elderly Data were collected from 47 noninstitutionalized elderly dwell-ing in their own homes and 43 institutionalized elderly living in homes for older people. The ages of the subjects were 65 years and over. The data were col lected from January 20th to February 20th, 1995. Physical fitness was measured with T.K. K dyna mometer, grip dynamometer, stop watch, and Purdue pegboard. Structured questionnaires developed by Kim by Lawton & Brody, and by Ro were adopted to measure SE, IADL, and QL, respectively. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results were as follows : 1. The noninstitutionalized elderly had higher scores in such measures of physical fitness as body weight, skinfold thickness, flexibility and coordination as compared to the institutionalized elderly. 2. On the following measures of physical fitness, men showed higher levels than women ; in height when standing, height when sitting, body weight, and muscle strength. Women had more trunk flexibility than men. 3. Muscle strength was positively correlated with height when standing, height when sitting, and body weight. The following measures of physical fitness, muscle strength, flexibility and coordi nation, were negatively correlated with "up and go”. 4. The noninstitutionalized elderly had higher scores in SE(t=2.28, p<0.05), IADL(t=2.24, p<0.05), and QL(t=2.41, p<0.05) as compared to the institutionalized elderly. 5. SE was positively correlated with both IADL(r=0.41, p<0.001) and QL(r=0.54, p<0.001), and the latter two variables were a positively correlated (r=0.30, p<0.001). 6. SE was positively correlated with the physical fitness measures of height when standing, body weight, strength of leg muscles, strength of back muscles, grip strength, and level of touching the floor, but negatively correlated with "up and go”. 7. Positive correlations were revealed between IADL and the physical fitness measures of height, strength of leg muscles, level of trunk muscle extension, level of touching the floor, and coordination. The IADL was negatively correlated with “up and go”. 8. QL was positively correlated with body weight (r=0.28, p<0.01) and skinfold thickness (r=0.26, p<0.05). 9. Age was negatively correlated with the physical fitness measures of height when standing, height when sitting, “up and go”, strength of leg muscles, strength of back muscles, grip strength, level of trunk muscle extension, and coordination. 10. Age was also negatively correlated with SE (r=-0.24, p<0.05) and IADL(r=-0.22, p<0.05). The above results suggest that caring elderly in their own homes were more effective and that nursing interventions to enhance physical fitness, SE, IADL, and QL especially for the institutionalized elderly are stressed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.49-71
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• 1975

The importance of bamboo as raw material for bamboo wares and several kinds of industrial products is highly appreciated at home and abroad. But different kinds of bamboo-bundle systems have been traditionally used in the local areas. There being no reasonable bamboo-bundle system, we have a lot of difficulty in trading bamboo products and executing adrinistmative works. Therefore, a reasonable bamboo-bundle system based on scientific proofs needs to be tested and established for fair trade and administration. This study is carried out to solve the above difficulty with statistical investigation and analysis. The results obtained are as follows. 1. The larger the circles at eye-height become, the more the possibility of the largest internode covering the span between eye-height and 1/4 height increases. 2. The longest internodes are distributed according to a rule without relation to circles at eye-height. 3. The tapering grade of bamboo culms is very high and its form is almost the same without relation to its size. (Form exponent; 0.71-1.05, eye-height form factor; 0.60-0.66, 1/4 becomes, seeing that the circle grade and the percentage of actual volume height form factor; 0.61-0.69). 4. The larger the circles at eye-height are, the lower the percentage of actual volume have negative curve relation to each other. 5. It is considered that the numbers of bamboos bundled in a "Sok" is not decided according to the usefulness of bamboos, judging from the fact that the outputs of bamboo wares per "Sok" in every circle grade are not the same. 6. As the results of the regression analysis, the empirical formulae of several amounts to circles at eye-height and culm length are as follows; Volume, $${\hat{y}}_i=\bar{3}.821874+2.013181log\;C_i+0.839128log\;H_i$$ $$V=0.0066355\;C^{2.013181}\;H^{0.839128}$$ Actual volume, $${\hat{y}}_{ai}=3.915338+0.776549log\;C_i+1.857000log\;H_i$$ $$V_a=0.0082288\;C^{0.776549}\;H^{1.857000}$$ Weight, $$w_i=3.869148+1.936410log\;C_i+0.566904log\;H_i$$ $$W=0.0073986\;G^{1.936410}\;H^{0.565904}$$ 7. Korean Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc. is almost the same as that of Japan in several amounts, just the same especially in the weight. 8. It is found that the bamboo-bundle systems of Korea and Japan have much closer relation to the weight than other amounts. So It is, therefore, considered that the weight is important factor in deciding bamboo-bundle system. 9. According to the item 8, I should like to propose the appropriate numbers per "Sok" adjusted on the basis of the weight in the Table 18.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.5-16
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• 2001

The purpose of the study was to investigate the body cathexis, ideal body shape, clothing satisfaction and their interrelationships. The subjects were 445 middle- and high- school girls. The findings were as follows : the subjects were more satisfied with their face appearance than body parts. They were very unsatisfied with thigh. leg and weight. Generally they were more satisfied with upper body than lower body, and more satisfied with length measurements than girth measurements. They accepted 169.19cm as ideal height and 49.18kg as ideal weight. The middle-school girls wanted to be taller than high-school girls by 3cm. But the ideal weight of both were almost same. The Rohrer indices indicated that the subjects were normal to slender type. But the Rohrer indices calculated using ideal height and ideal weight showed that the subjects thought extremely slender type as ideal body shape. The attitude of body was evaluated by two factors. the awareness of body shape and the physical attractiveness. The awareness of body shape was deeply influenced by girth measurements and lower body parts. And physical attractiveness was severely affected by face appearance. Weight was more important than height in regard to body cathexis. The ideal body shape was independent of individual situation but was formed by social value. The satisfaction of clothing in terms of design related aspects was influenced by body cathexis. Also the more satisfied with their body. the more they felt comfortable for their clothing. The body cathexis was interrelated with the satisfaction of clothing in some aspects.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.57-69
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• 2011

Objectives: Purpose of this study is to analyze and to estimate which and how much genetic and environmental factors have affected on growth. Also, a method of final height prediction can be developed from this study results. Methods: Correlation analysis and categorical regression analysis were conducted between genetic and environmental factors correlated with the final adult height, through survey from 171 male. Results: Mid parental height, neonatal body weight, intake frequency of beef, chicken, milk, fruits and coffee, sleep quantity and quality during the elementary school and sleep quantity during the middle school have affected on the final adult height. And a regression equation with 0.494 for coefficient of determination was obtained. Conclusions: Mid-parental-height has the most affected on the final adult height. Among environmental factors, food and sleep have significantly affected, but exercise doesn't. Among foods, meal, beef, and milk intake have remarkably affected on the final height, and chicken and fruit also have affected in some degree, but coffee has affected badly. Among sleep habits, sleep quantity during the elementary school has the most affected, sleep quality during the elementary school and sleep quantity during the middle school also have affected in some degree on final height. The younger the age is, the more sleep have affected and sleep quantity have more affected than sleep quality. Neonatal weight also has remarkably affected on the final height. Through this analysis, the final adult height can be predicted using regression equation which covers 49.4% of genetic and environmental factors.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.19
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• pp.83-99
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• 1975

The earliness to flowering was completely dominant over the lateness, and the short plant height and stem length were partially dominant over the tall. The heavy stem weight, however, was recessive to the light. Heritability values for the flowering period, plant height, dry stem weight and fiber ratio were high, while those of days to initial flowering, stem length and fiber weight were low. Flowering period, plant height, stem weight, dry stem weight and fiber ratio were closely related to fiber weight or fiber yield. The selection index estimated jointly the plant height ($X_1$), dry stem weight($X_2$) and fiber weight($X_3$); that is 0.0020$X_1$-0.0047$X_2$-0.0181$X_3$, was the most efficient one for the selection practices. The plant height was the most reliable character for the increased genetic advances and the relative selection efficiences. Effects of locations and genotype-environment interactions were highly significant in most of the characters investigated.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Emergency Medicine
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.423-429
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• 2018

Objective: Falling is a common cause of head injury in preschool aged children. We investigated the characteristics of mild head injuries caused by falling and the association between body weight and occurrence of traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted on head-injured preschool-aged children that visited the emergency department from January 2012 to December 2015. Characteristics such as age, sex, weight, free fall height, floor type, and presence of TBI, as defined as cerebral hemorrhage or skull fracture, were investigated. We calculated body weight percentiles by calibrating age and weight and categorized them into four quartile ranges. We grouped all included cases into two groups according to the presence of TBI. The characteristics of the two groups were compared by using chi-square test, and the association with TBI was investigated by using binomial logistic regression. Results: A total of 701 children were included, and TBI was observed in 95 children. Children with TBI were younger. The proportion of children with TBI was higher in the third and fourth quartiles of the body weight group as well as according to soft floor and fall from high height (${\geq}1m$). The odds of soft floor being associated with TBI was higher than the odds for hard floor (odds ratio, 2.734; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.597-4.680). The odds of high height (${\geq}1m$) being associated with TBI was higher than that for low height (odds ratio, 2.306; 95% CI, 1.155-4.601), and the odds ratio for the weight percentile group was 1.228 (95% CI, 1.005-1.499). Conclusion: Prevalence of TBI after falling in preschool-aged children might be associated with high fall-height and body weight quartiles.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.231-241
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• 2002

This study is for research of relationship between shoes wearing by adult woman and foot type. The research was made through questionnaire sheets of general matters (age, body weight, height & occupation) and shoes wearing status (hill height, toe shape, wearing time) of 216 adult women reside in the metropolitan zone and the foot type was classified from foot measurement and the relationship between shoes wearing and foot type was analyzed. According to the result of analysis it is as follows : 1) In the shoes type prefer for they prefer for lower hill as more ages and were preferring shoes with higher hill as the taller women. 2) The instep height is lower and medial foot angle was increased as their ages are more. Majority of foot type was appeared with standard type and the broad type was indicated more by age of 20s. The classification by toe the square type was indicated by majority and in the age of 30-40s the egyptian type was more 3) As the age and weight get increased he height of arch become lower and indicated to transit to flat-foot. That is to say they prefer for round toe in case of fiat-foot, and for square toe in case of normal and, choice of shoe toe shape it indicated by more impact by the height of arch rather than toe length.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 2021

Purpose: Previous studies have reported the difference in nutritional status between South and North Korean infants and young children (IYC). Clear understanding on the nature of such differences is essential for planning food and nutrition policies and programs to prepare for a possible re-unification of the two Koreas in future. This study was undertaken to yield valid statistics comparing the nutritional status between North and South Korean IYC. Methods: Raw data obtained from the 2017 Korean National Growth Chart and the 2013-2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed to determine the comparable statistics that include weight for age z-score (WAZ), height for age z-score (HAZ) and weight for height z-score (WHZ), with data reported in the Survey Findings Report of the 2017 DRP Korea Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. The average weight and height by gender and month were estimated for North Korean IYC and calculated for South Korean IYC. SPSS analysis was applied to evaluate the acquired statistics and compare the nutritional status of South and North Korean IYC. Results: WAZ, HAZ and WHZ of North Korean IYC were observed to be lower than values obtained for South Korean IYC as well as the median values of World Health Organization Child Growth Standards across all ages. Similar patterns were observed for average height and weight. The nutritional status of North Korean IYC revealed a prevalence of highly underweight (9.3%), stunting (19.1%) and wasting (2.5%) values, and was determined to be significantly lower than values obtained for South Korean IYC (0.8%, 1.8%, and 0.7%, respectively). Conclusion: This study has yielded valid statistics that compare the nutritional status of North and South Korean IYC. Results of this study confirm the prevalence of nutritional status difference between South and North Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.1353-1358
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• 2000

The three-way rotational crossing experiment has been conducted to evaluate heterosis effects on jumping height and body weight. Yonakuni wild mice (Y) and two genetic groups of $CF_{{\sharp}1}$ (C) and C3H/HeNCrj (H) laboratory mice were used as materials. Reciprocal rotational crossing was made by crossing C male${\times}$Y female and Y male${\times}$C female to produce basic group designated $G_0$ and ${G_0}^{\prime}$, respectively. The females of the $G_0$ and ${G_0}^{\prime}$ were mated to the H sire to produce second generation ($G_1$ and ${G_1}^{\prime}$), and at the following generation the replacement females were mated to Y or C sire according to the basic group to produce $G_2$ to $G_3$ and ${G_2}^{\prime}$ to ${G_3}^{\prime}$. Individual jumping height data at Wk6 and body weight data at 1 (Wk1), 3 (Wk3), 6 (Wk6) and 10 (Wk10) weeks of age were analyzed. The results showed that effects of genetic group, sex and interaction of genetic group by sex were significant (p<0.01) for jumping height. For males, 55.34%~79.17% and 54.46%~78.29% of heterosis were reached at $G_1$ to $G_3$ and ${G_1}^{\prime}$ to ${G_3}^{\prime}$, respectively. While for females at $G_1$ to $G_3$ and at ${G_1}^{\prime}$ to ${G_3}^{\prime}$, heterosis effects were 61.53%~80.42% and 47.79%~85.86%, respectively. For body weight, genetic group was a significant source of variation at all ages studied. Sex effect was significant at Wk3, Wk6 and Wk10, and interaction between genetic group and sex was significant at Wk6 and Wk10 (p<0.01). C sires resulted in the highest body weight of offspring, while H sires were the intermediate and Y sires were the lightest. The significant positive and negative heterosis effects for body weight were exhibited. Crossing involved the Y sires in addition to smaller maternal effects of Y dams tended to result in small heterosis.