• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate eating behavior, nutritional status and health condition of obese adult attending a weight control exercise. The subjects of this study consisted of 81 adult in some areas of Daegu. Their weight, height, triceps, midarm circumference were measured and their dietary intake and eating behavior were obtained by using questionnaires. Anthropometry was conducted to determine obesity. Average age of men and women were 38.1 and 35.2 years old respectively. Their intake of energy and protein were 69.5% and 97.4% of RDA respectively. Energy intake of normal and obese group was 74.4% and 64.9% of RDA respectively. Protein intake of normal and obese group was 99.7% and 95.3% of RDA respectively There was a negative correlation between PIBW and energy intake, PIBW and carbohydrate intake, BMI and energy intake, and BMI and carbohydrate intake. A relative magnitude of factors affecting weight decrease rate was analyzed by Stepwise multiple regression analysis. Overall results about relative influence of independent variables to dependent variable(weight decrease rate) indicated that the BMI(p<0.01) was the most significantly correlated with weight decrease rate in all subjects. The results of this study suggest that the extensive nutrition education in weight control program should be emphasized to prevent obesity early.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.251-257
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• 1984

Low birth weight baby, defined as the baby born with less than or equal to 2,500g of body weight by WHO has been a great concern in the fold of maternal and child health since the low birth weight is a major cause of high perinatal mortality. Any measure to prevent the low birth weight baby is most desirable not only for saving the life of a baby but also for levelling up the health of the whole society. The authors attempted to figure out how some known maternal risk factors are related to the low birth weight and to measure their strengh of associations in terms of relative risk using hospital birth records. For this study, hospital birth records of 66 low birth weight cases and sex-parity matched 198 normal controls were chosen from Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Medical Center, and the data were analyzed in regards to several maternal factors. The risk factors studied were mother's age, mother's ABO blood type, previous histories of abortion, low birth weight baby, fetal wastage, and maternal diseases represented by anemia, hypertension, proteinuria, and glucosuria. The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1. The mean body weight of the cases and controls were 1,955g and 3,251g, respectively, and the heights were 41cm for cases and 50cm for controls. Mean gestation periods of cases and controls were 34 weeks and 39 weeks, respectively. 2. Young mother(less than or equal to 20 years of age) or old mother(more than or equal to 30 years of age) experienced more frequently the delivery of low birth weight babies than mothers in between 21 and 29 years of age. But the difference was not statistically significant. 3. Mothers whose blood type was O tended to have slighty higher frequency of low birth weight babies while B mothers have lower frequency. But the difference was not statistically significant too. 4. Those mothers who had experienced low birth weight baby in the past tended to give more births of low birth weight babies. This factor is even statistically significant and the relative risk of the prior experience of low birth weight was 6.7. 5. Mothers with experience of fetal losses and mothers of more than two pregnancies had higher frequency of low birth weight than the mothers with no fatal losses and of first pregnancy, but the difference was not statistically significant. 6. Statistically significant higher frequency of low birth weight were found in mothers with hypertension(odds ratio=4.07), anemia(odds ratio=22,33), and proteinuria(odds ratio=2.79). In summary, these study results strongly suggest that in order to prevent the low birth weight, special care should be made when the mother is too young or too old, and when the mother has experienced deliveries of low birth weight and fetal deaths. Medical control for the maternal diseases such as anemia and hypertension is also needed before or during the pregnency.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.175-186
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the body weight control, attitudes, lifestyles and dietary habits according to the obesity index of elementary school students. This study utilized questionnaires and body composition measurements collected with a bio- electrical impedance analyzer(Inbody 4.0). Specifically, differences between the underweight group, normal group, and overweight group were tested by a $x^2$-test or ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The subjects consisted of 571 elementary school students residing in Chonbuk Province. The average age, height, weight, and BMI of the male subjects was 11.5 years, 150.0 cm, 45.2 kg and $20.0\;kg/m^2$, respectively. The average age, height, weight, and BMI of the female subjects was 11.5 years, 152.2 cm, 46.1 kg and $19.8\;kg/m^2$, respectively. Twenty percent of the subjects were in the underweight group, 52.2% were in the normal weight group, and 27.8% were in the overweight group according to the Korean Pediatrics Society standards. A total of 50.2% of the subjects were dissatisfied with their body weight, while 36.8% of underweight, 42.3% of normal weight, and 81.1% of overweight subjects were dissatisfied with their weight. Fifty two percent of the subjects had attempted to reduce their body weight, including 50% of the normal weight group. The main reason for wanting to reduce body weight was to maintain health. The percentage of subjects who had received body weight control education was 41.3%, but 77.6% of the subjects thought it was necessary. Poor time management, lack of physical activity, portion size of meals, unbalanced diet, frequent consumption of convenience foods, and frequent snacking all affected the obesity index. Overall, the results of this study indicate that it is necessary to develop weight control programs for all elementary school students who are underweight, normal weight, and overweight.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.326-335
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of food habits and anxiety level of obese children on body weight control program. The body weight control program included nutrition education, psychotherapy and exercise for weekly session during 9 months. The results from this study were as follows. A total of 27 obese children(boys 44.4%, girls 55.6%) participated in this study. The average age of children was 11.7 years, average height and weight were 141.7cm and 48.1kg respectively. $R{\ddot{o}}hrer$ index(RI) of children was significantly decreased from 167 to 163(p<0.001) and BMI was significantly decreased from 24.5 to 23.9 (p<0.01) after body weight control program. This study also found obesity index(OI) was significantly decreased from 133% to 128%(p<0.01) of 18 children after program. There was not significant difference in food habits score but frequency of overeating, and eating frequency of meats were significantly decreased(p<0.05) after body weight control program. Also depression score significantly decreased after body weight control program(p<0.001) and there was significant negative correlation(r=-0.552) between food habits and anxiety level. The factors analysis of anxiety items indicated that children had feelings more calm and sate after program(p<0.05). Therefore continuous and practical nutritional education and psychotherapy to change food habits and anxiety level are necessary to decrease child obesity. These results suggest that body weight control program including nutrition education, exercise and psychotherapy may be effective physiological and psychological body health of obese children.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.43-54
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to find out the relation factors of weight control behaviors, mental health status and body image perception in adolescents and to use basis data of health promotion for adolescents. Methods: This study used data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-2, 2011). The subjects were 653 between 12-19 age. Data analysis was done with SPSS/WIN 19.0 using Chi-square test, and Logistic regression. Results: The result is as follows. The case of female adolescents, abnormal perception of body image was significantly higher on weight reduction effort and normal weight, low weight in BMI. The case of male adolescents, abnormal perception of body image was higher on normal weight in BMI. Conclusions: The adolescents tend to do unreasoning weight loss behavior without properly perception for their body image. Therefore, we suggest that adolescents be provided social support for positive body image and be developed perception program with the importance of inner values.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.53-60
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• 1989

This study was carried out in order to investigate a suitable dietary guideline for athlets who need weight control. This dietary guideline will be a basic information to furnish further development of the computer program. The weight of Boxing and Judo players were diverse ranging from 49.5Kg to 95Kg whose overage age was 21. Also the quantity of energy expenditure during a day's activity depended on the indiviual's weight and physical conditions that will contribute to many factors among those surveyed, and the overall contribute to many factors among those surveyed, and the overall consumption of calorie per day was ranged from 3682Kcal to 7226Kcal. For those athlets, they suggested necessary nutritional intake of protein per 1Kg weight was 1.18㎎ and the recommended intake of vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and niacin was 0.5㎎, 0.6㎎, and 6.6㎎ each per 1,000Kcal of calorie needed. Taste perference of athletes showed that there was no extreme dislike toward and food items. However, this study showed that strongly flavored food was not prefered. On the other hand, there was a high preference toward protein foods, fruits and beverages.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.449-461
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of physical and psychological factors of obese children, obesity indices and blood serum levels, food habits and body and self-esteem after a weight control program. The results from this study were as follows: Participants of the study involved 20 boys (48.8%) and 21 girls (51.2%) totaling 41 children. Children's weight control experiences were 90.2% and parents' were 59.5%. Among methods of weight control, children and parents both used exercise and reduced amounts of meals. Sixty-one percent of the children had breakfast almost everyday. The reasons of skipping breakfast were having no time to eat by 44.4% and 50% of children watched TV while having a meal and they considered taste (55.3%) and nutrition value (21.1%) when choosing food. After the weight control program, the children's body fat percent (%) significantly decreased from 40.3% to 35.4% (p < 0.01). There was significant difference of boys and girls' hip circumferences (92.9 cm, 91.4 cm, p < 0.01) after the program but there was only a slight change in their WHR (0.91, 0.92). Girls' waist circumferences significantly decreased from 75.0 cm to 73.0 cm (p < 0.05) and there was a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol, 50.0 (mg/dL) to 55.2 (mg/dL), (p < 0.05). Knowledge levels of obesity significantly increased from 2.5 to 5.1 in the girls' cases (p < 0.001). Nonetheless, attitudes of weight control and food habits score had not changed a lot. After the program, both the boys and girls' body-esteem had significantly increased (p < 0.01) but self-esteem had not changed. These results suggest that a body weight control program must be included in nutrition education, exercise and psychotherapy to improve body and self-esteem of obese children.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the related factors to child overweight through investigation of children aged 6-12. Data on physical examinations, family history and dietary habits were obtained. Children were classified into normal(98 persons) and overweight(118 persons) group using the combination of height for age, weight for age and weight for height standard by the World Health Organization. Children's height, weight and BMI exhibited a significant difference between groups except children aged 8 for height. Unbalanced diet was a risk factors for overweight(Odd ratio : 1.765, 95% CI : 1.022~3.048). Number of brothers showed negative significance especially in two brothers compared to that of one(Odd ratio : 0.456, 95% CI : 0.209~0.995). But Birth weight, feeding practice, overeating, taking nutrition pills, sleeping time, mother's education level and employmental status didn't have any difference. We found out there were different risk factors between obese and overweight group. They should be divided into different groups in studying risk factors. And we should pay much attention to overweight children in order to prevent improving to obesity.

• Archives of Obesity and Metabolism
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2023

Compensatory changes in energy consumption and neuro-hormonal changes following weight loss make it difficult to maintain the reduced weight and may cause weight regain. Therefore, establishing a long-term weight control plan and strategy starting from the initial weight loss period is necessary. Both the patient and doctor should know that weight loss cannot occur continuously, and that maintaining weight after the weight loss period is the basic course of obesity treatment. No single dietary pattern is effective for weight maintenance, and a variety of dietary control methods - such as calorie restriction and healthy proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and meal replacements - should be used to target an integrated and healthy dietary habit. An increase in physical activity is needed for weight loss and maintenance; however, rather than recommending an excessive amount of exercise, it is better to set realistic and long-term achievable goals. It is necessary to reset the goal according to the patient's weight maintenance stage and continuously apply behavioral therapies, such as self-monitoring and stress management. In previous studies, since the degree of weight loss and changes in behavioral patterns over the course of one year were important factors in maintaining long-term weight loss, obesity therapists should closely examine patient data and behavioral patterns across a period of one year and actively intervene when needed.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 1997

Recently obesity which had not been at issue very much before comes to the fore as an important health problem. But women frequently attempt excessive weight controls not to cure obesity but to fit false norms of women's appearances. Both these trends and tendencies of perceiving themselves to be fatter than what thay are work as a kind of stressor which impose psychological burden on most women, and finally threaten their mental health. In this point, the purpose of this study was to analize the factors having an effect on women's weight-related stress. This study included a survey and obese level measurement of a systematic random samples of 431 E. University senior students for 17 days(from 13 May 1996 to 29 May 1996). As results, obese level, especially the subject's evaluation for her obese level, history of weight control, and strong weigh control beliefs that the success depends on herself influenced stress.