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Growth Characteristics and Visible Injury of Container Seedling of Pinus densiflora by Fertilization Level (시비수준별 소나무 용기묘의 생장 특성 및 가시적 피해)

  • Cha, Young Geun;Choi, Kyu Seong;Song, Ki Seon;Gu, Da-Eun;Lee, Ha-Na;Sung, Hwan In;Kim, Jong Jin
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.66-77
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    • 2019
  • The present study investigated pine trees, which forms a major plantation species in Korea, with the objective of improving the survival rate of pine trees after planting. Growth responses and characteristics were assessed by controlling the level of fertilizer application, which is a basic controlling the growth of pine seedlings, to identify the optimal fertilization treatment. Pine tree seedlings were grown in 104 containers and were examined 8 weeks after planting. Stem height and were measured at 4-week intervals. In terms of fertilization treatment for 1-0 pine seedlings, the treatment group with gradually-increasing fertilizer concentration ($500{\rightarrow}1000{\rightarrow}1000{\rightarrow}1000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) had the biggest increase in stem height and diameter at the root. The survey results indicated that the increased concentration treatment group and the gradually-increasing concentration treatment group had more growth compared with that in the fixed concentration treatment group. The gradually-increasing concentration treatment group ($500{\rightarrow}1000{\rightarrow}1000{\rightarrow}1000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) had the highest total dry matter production. Nine weeks after fertilization, the tips of the pine leaves turned yellow in the fixed concentration treatment group ($3000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$). The same phenomenon was observed in the treatment group in which the concentration was increased to $2000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, and in the gradually-increasing concentration treatment group, when the concentration was raised up to $2000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. We concluded that the optimal fertilization conditions for producing healthy pine 1-0 seedlings involve fertilizing once a week with Multifeed 19 at $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ during the seedling period, Multifeed 19 at $1000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ during the rapid growth period, and Multifeed 32 at $1000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ during the maturation period.

Development of Music Recommendation System based on Customer Sentiment Analysis (소비자 감성 분석 기반의 음악 추천 알고리즘 개발)

  • Lee, Seung Jun;Seo, Bong-Goon;Park, Do-Hyung
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.197-217
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    • 2018
  • Music is one of the most creative act that can express human sentiment with sound. Also, since music invoke people's sentiment to get empathized with it easily, it can either encourage or discourage people's sentiment with music what they are listening. Thus, sentiment is the primary factor when it comes to searching or recommending music to people. Regard to the music recommendation system, there are still lack of recommendation systems that are based on customer sentiment. An algorithm's that were used in previous music recommendation systems are mostly user based, for example, user's play history and playlists etc. Based on play history or playlists between multiple users, distance between music were calculated refer to basic information such as genre, singer, beat etc. It can filter out similar music to the users as a recommendation system. However those methodology have limitations like filter bubble. For example, if user listen to rock music only, it would be hard to get hip-hop or R&B music which have similar sentiment as a recommendation. In this study, we have focused on sentiment of music itself, and finally developed methodology of defining new index for music recommendation system. Concretely, we are proposing "SWEMS" index and using this index, we also extracted "Sentiment Pattern" for each music which was used for this research. Using this "SWEMS" index and "Sentiment Pattern", we expect that it can be used for a variety of purposes not only the music recommendation system but also as an algorithm which used for buildup predicting model etc. In this study, we had to develop the music recommendation system based on emotional adjectives which people generally feel when they listening to music. For that reason, it was necessary to collect a large amount of emotional adjectives as we can. Emotional adjectives were collected via previous study which is related to them. Also more emotional adjectives has collected via social metrics and qualitative interview. Finally, we could collect 134 individual adjectives. Through several steps, the collected adjectives were selected as the final 60 adjectives. Based on the final adjectives, music survey has taken as each item to evaluated the sentiment of a song. Surveys were taken by expert panels who like to listen to music. During the survey, all survey questions were based on emotional adjectives, no other information were collected. The music which evaluated from the previous step is divided into popular and unpopular songs, and the most relevant variables were derived from the popularity of music. The derived variables were reclassified through factor analysis and assigned a weight to the adjectives which belongs to the factor. We define the extracted factors as "SWEMS" index, which describes sentiment score of music in numeric value. In this study, we attempted to apply Case Based Reasoning method to implement an algorithm. Compare to other methodology, we used Case Based Reasoning because it shows similar problem solving method as what human do. Using "SWEMS" index of each music, an algorithm will be implemented based on the Euclidean distance to recommend a song similar to the emotion value which given by the factor for each music. Also, using "SWEMS" index, we can also draw "Sentiment Pattern" for each song. In this study, we found that the song which gives a similar emotion shows similar "Sentiment Pattern" each other. Through "Sentiment Pattern", we could also suggest a new group of music, which is different from the previous format of genre. This research would help people to quantify qualitative data. Also the algorithms can be used to quantify the content itself, which would help users to search the similar content more quickly.

Exposure and Risk Assessments of Multimedia of Arsenic in the Environment (환경 중 비소의 매체통합 노출평가 및 위해성평가 연구)

  • Sim, Ki-Tae;Kim, Dong-Hoon;Lee, Jaewoo;Lee, Chae-Hong;Park, Soyeon;Seok, Kwang-Seol;Kim, Younghee
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.152-168
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    • 2019
  • The element arsenic, which is abundant in the Earth's crust, is used for various industrial purposes including materials for disease treatment and household goods. Various human activities, such as the disposal of soil waste, metal mining and smelting, and combustion of fossil fuels, have caused the pollution of the environment with arsenic. Recently, guidelines for arsenic in rice have been adopted by the Korean ministry of food and drug safety to prevent health risks based on rice consumption. Because of the exposure to arsenic and its accumulation in the human body through various channels, such as air inhalation, skin contact, ingestion of drinking water, and food consumption, integrated multimedia risk assessment is required to adopt appropriate risk management policies. Therefore, integrated human health risk assessment was carried out in this study using integrated exposure assessment based on multimedia (e.g., air, water, and soil) and multi-route (e.g., oral, inhalation, and dermal) scenarios. The results show that oral uptake via drinking water is the most common pathway of arsenic into the human body, accounting for 57%-96% of the total arsenic exposure. Among various age groups, the highest exposures to arsenic were observed in infants because the body weight of infants is low and the surface areas of infant bodies are large. Based on the results of the exposure assessment, the cancer and non-cancer risks were calculated. The cancer risk for CTE and RME is in the range of 2.3E-05 to 6.7E-05 and thus is negligible because it does not exceed the cancer probability of 1.0E-04 for all age groups. On the other hand, the cancer risk for RME varies from 6.4E-05 to 1.8E-04 and from 1.3E-04 to 1.8E-04 for infants and preschool children, exceeding the excess cancer risk of 1.0E-04. The non-cancer risks range from 5.4E-02 to 1.9E-01 and from 1.5E-01 to 6.8E-01, respectively. They do not exceed the hazard index 1 for all scenarios and all ages.

Estimation of CO2 Mitigation Potentials using Food Miles of Domestic and Imported Food - About Beef and Wine - (푸드 마일리지를 이용한 식품의 이산화탄소 감축 잠재량 평가 - 쇠고기와 포도주를 대상으로 -)

  • Seong, Mi-Ae;Kim, Dai-Gon;Lee, Jae-Bum;Ryu, Ji-Yeon;Hong, You-Deog
    • Journal of Climate Change Research
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.15-32
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    • 2011
  • Due to greenhouse gas increased by human activities, abnormal climate changes are continuously occurring everywhere in the world and internationally people make efforts to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas. Our country also is making endeavors to realize low carbon society on the foundation of the green growth and for this low carbon consumption pattern settlement through green life is necessary. Therefore for the nationals the offering of the information on greenhouse gas emission that is reduced through the change to low carbon life is required. In this study the objects are beef and wine whose weight of import is high among the beverages and foods consumed in the country and we calculated the food mileage and emission of carbon dioxide of the domestic and foreign product beef and wine and estimated the potential amount that can be reduced when replacing the imported products with domestic products. As the year 2007 being standard if we replace 10% of imported beef with domestic products it is possible to reduce 14,000 tons of carbon dioxide per year and on one day out of a year if we replace imported beef with domestic beef the reduction of 384 tons of carbon dioxide is appeared to be possible. In the same standard year if we replace 10% of imported wine with domestic product we can reduce 1,396 tons and on one day out of a year if we replace imported wine with domestic wine reduction of 38 tons of carbon per year appeared to be possible. Through active promotion and expansion of variety of domestic foods and beverages in the real life of the nationals the consumption pattern of natural low carbon life should be achieved and offering of more systematized greenhouse gas emission DB is thought to be necessary.

How the Information Location (up vs. down) Impacts Promotion Attractiveness and Amount Perception (판매촉진 정보의 위치(위vs.아래)가 판매촉진 매력도 및 증정량 지각에 미치는 영향)

  • Jang, JungMin;Kim, Yeong-Ju
    • (The) Korean Journal of Advertising
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.7-25
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    • 2016
  • According to recent studies, the location of visual information has a significant impact on consumers' interpretation and judgment in various contexts. In particular, vertical positioning is relevant to the perception of weight: consumers tend to interpret that products are heavier when information is placed at the bottom of a page or section rather than the top. This is due to the common perception that heavy things would sink to the bottom and light things would float up. Consistent with this research stream, the current study investigates how the vertical location of freebie information influences promotion evaluation. We hypothesize that consumers assume that the complimentary product is heavier when the information about it is displayed at the bottom compared to when the information is displayed at the top. Two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, we show how the location of "get one free" information impacts the evaluation of the sales promotion in a "Buy two and get one free" context. When the complimentary information was displayed below rather than above the main product information, consumers evaluated the sales promotion more favorably. Experiment 2 tests the generalizability of the vertical location effect by using a different type of information and product: a visual picture of vitamin tablets rather than the numeric information as in Experiment 1. The dependent variable was also extended to the perceived amount of the promoted product. We suggest the boundary condition that the proposed effect is moderated by the presence or absence of an explicit message about the amount. Without an explicit message about the amount of the product, the results were similar to those of experiment 1 in that consumers perceived that the product offered a greater amount when the complimentary information was displayed at the bottom rather than at the top. However, the location effect disappeared with an explicit message about the amount. This confirms the moderating effect that presenting an explicit message about the amount is a crucial boundary condition for location effect in a value added promotion. Marketers can use this knowledge to formulate strategies in a variety of sales promotion conditions.

Development and Characterization of Rice Lines with Clustered Spikelets and Dense Panicles (군집소수를 가진 고착립밀도 이삭형 벼 개발 및 특성 분석)

  • Park, Hyun-Su;Baek, Man-Kee;Kim, Choon-Song;Lee, Gun-Mi;Park, Seul-Gi;Lee, Chang-Min;Suh, Jung-Pil;Cho, Young-Chan
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.50 no.4
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    • pp.415-423
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    • 2018
  • Rice panicle architecture is an important factor affecting yield potential. Korean rice cultivars have a narrow genetic background for panicle architecture. To enhance the yield potential of Korean rice cultivars, we developed and characterized rice lines with new panicle architecture. Rice with improved panicle architecture has clustered spikelets and dense panicles (CD type). CD rice was derived from a cross between "Binhae Col.#1" carrying dense panicles, and "ARC10319" that has the clustered spikelets gene (Cl). CD rice lines had short and semi-erect panicles with two to five high density spikelets clustered at the tips of primary and secondary rachis branches. CD rice lines had dramatically increased numbers of spikelets; almost twice as many as those of Korean rice cultivars. The increase in spikelet number was mainly caused by the increased spikelets and branches on secondary rachises compared to those on primary rachises. The increase in spikelet number was expected to enhance the yield of CD rice by expanding sink capacity. However, the yield of selected lines; CD9, CD27, CD34, and CD39, did not reach the level of the Korean high-yielding cultivars "Boramchan" and "Hanareum2," due to the reduction in panicle number and grain weight, and poor ripening. Although no substantial yield increase was observed in CD rice, the panicle architecture of CD rice, clustered spikelets, and dense panicles could be new genetic resources as breeding material for diversifying panicle architecture and enhancing yield potential.

The change of grain quality and starch assimilation of rice under future climate conditions according to RCP 8.5 scenario (RCP 8.5 시나리오에 따른 미래 기후조건에서 벼의 품질 및 전분 동화 특성 변화)

  • Sang, Wan-Gyu;Cho, Hyeoun-Suk;Kim, Jun-Hwan;Shin, Pyong;Baek, Jae-Kyeong;Lee, Yun-Ho;Cho, Jeong-Il;Seo, Myung-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.296-304
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    • 2018
  • The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of climate change on rice yield and quality. Experiments were conducted using SPAR(Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research) chambers, which was designed to create virtual future climate conditions, in the National Institute of Crop Science, Jeonju, Korea, in 2016. In the future climate conditions($+2.8^{\circ}C$ temp, 580 ppm $CO_2$) of year 2051~2060 according to RCP 8.5 scenario, elevated temperature and $CO_2$ accelerated the heading date by about five days than the present climate conditions, resulted in a high temperature environment during grain filling stage. Rice yield decreased sharply in the future climate conditions due to the high temperature induced poor ripening. And the spikelet numbers, ripening ratio, and 1000-grain weight of brown rice were significantly decreased compared to control. The rice grain quality was also decreased sharply, especially due to the increased immature grains. In the future climate conditions, expression of starch biosynthesis-related genes such as granule-bound starch synthase(GBSSI, GBSSII, SSIIa, SSIIb, SSIIIa), starch branching enzyme(BEIIb) and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPS1, AGPS2, AGPL2) were repressed in developing seeds, whereas starch degradation related genes such as ${\alpha}-amylase$(Amy1C, Amy3D, Amy3E) were induced. These results suggest that the reduction in yield and quality of rice in the future climate conditions is likely caused mainly by the poor grain filling by high temperature. Therefore, it is suggested to develop tolerant cultivars to high temperature during grain filling period and a new cropping system in order to ensure a high quality of rice in the future climate conditions.

Macroporous Thick Tin Foil Negative Electrode via Chemical Etching for Lithium-ion Batteries (화학적 식각을 통해 제조한 리튬이온 이차전지용 고용량 다공성 주석후막 음극)

  • Kim, Hae Been;Lee, Pyung Woo;Lee, Dong Geun;Oh, Ji Seon;Ryu, Ji Heon
    • Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.36-42
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    • 2019
  • A macroporous Sn thick film as a high capacity negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery was prepared by using a chemical etching method using nitric acid for a Sn film having a thickness of $52{\mu}m$. The porous Sn thick film greatly reduced the over-voltage for the alloying reaction with lithium by the increased reaction area. At the same time. The porous structure of active Sn film plays a part in the buffer and reduces the damage by the volume change during cycles. Since the porous Sn thick film electrode does not require the use of the binder and the conductive carbon black, it has substantially larger energy density. As the concentration of nitric acid in etching solution increased, the degree of the etching increased. The etching of the Sn film effectively proceeded with nitric acid of 3 M concentration or more. The porous Sn film could not be recovered because the most of Sn was eluted within 60 seconds by the rapid etching rate in the 5 M nitric acid. In the case of etching with 4 M nitric acid for 60 seconds, the appropriate porous Sn film was formed with 48.9% of weight loss and 40.3% of thickness change during chemical acid etching process. As the degree of etching of Sn film increased, the electrochemical activity and the reversible capacity for the lithium storage of the Sn film electrode were increased. The highest reversible specific capacity of 650 mAh/g was achieved at the etching condition with 4 M nitric acid. The porous Sn film electrode showed better cycle performance than the conventional electrode using a Sn powder.

Effects of Corni Fructus on Testosterone-induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Sprague Dawley Rats (Sprague Dawley 흰쥐에서 테스토스테론에 의하여 유발된 전립선 비대증에 미치는 산수유 추출물의 영향)

  • Kwon, Da He;Hwangbo, Hyun;Choi, Eun Ok;Kim, Min Yeong;Ji, Seon Yeong;Kim, Kyung-Il;Park, No-Jin;Kim, Sung Ok;Hong, Su-Hyun;Park, Cheo;Hwang, Hye-Jin;Jeong, Ji-Suk;Choi, Yung Hyun
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.28 no.12
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    • pp.1507-1515
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    • 2018
  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is characterized by prostatic hypertrophy mainly in the elderly. Corni Fructus is reportedly effective in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, but its efficacy on BPH has not been previously studied. In the present study, we investigated whether or not a Corni Fructus water extract (CF) could prevent testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in rats. To induce BPH, castrated rats were subcutaneously injected with testosterone propionate (TP). CF was administered daily by oral gavage, along with the TP injections, and finasteride, a selective inhibitor of $5{\alpha}$-reductase type 2, was used as a positive control. The results show that CF significantly reduces prostate weight and histopathologic changes while also decreasing levels of serum dihydrotestosterone, similar to the finasteride-treated group. CF also suppresses TP-induced $5{\alpha}$-reductase expression and concentration in prostate tissue and serum, respectively. Furthermore, CF markedly inhibited TP-induced expression of the androgen receptor (AR) and the steroid receptor coactivator 1, an AR coactivator, which was associated with a decrease in prostate-specific antigen levels in both serum and prostate tissue. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that CF weakens BPH status by inactivation of $5{\alpha}$-reductase and AR.

Design of Cloud-Based Data Analysis System for Culture Medium Management in Smart Greenhouses (스마트온실 배양액 관리를 위한 클라우드 기반 데이터 분석시스템 설계)

  • Heo, Jeong-Wook;Park, Kyeong-Hun;Lee, Jae-Su;Hong, Seung-Gil;Lee, Gong-In;Baek, Jeong-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.251-259
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    • 2018
  • BACKGROUND: Various culture media have been used for hydroponic cultures of horticultural plants under the smart greenhouses with natural and artificial light types. Management of the culture medium for the control of medium amounts and/or necessary components absorbed by plants during the cultivation period is performed with ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and/or IoT (Internet of Things) in a smart farm system. This study was conducted to develop the cloud-based data analysis system for effective management of culture medium applying to hydroponic culture and plant growth in smart greenhouses. METHODS AND RESULTS: Conventional inorganic Yamazaki and organic media derived from agricultural byproducts such as a immature fruit, leaf, or stem were used for hydroponic culture media. Component changes of the solutions according to the growth stage were monitored and plant growth was observed. Red and green lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.) which developed 2~3 true leaves were considered as plant materials. The seedlings were hydroponically grown in the smart greenhouse with fluorescent and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) lights of $150{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ light intensity for 35 days. Growth data of the seedlings were classified and stored to develop the relational database in the virtual machine which was generated from an open stack cloud system on the base of growth parameter. Relation of the plant growth and nutrient absorption pattern of 9 inorganic components inside the media during the cultivation period was investigated. The stored data associated with component changes and growth parameters were visualized on the web through the web framework and Node JS. CONCLUSION: Time-series changes of inorganic components in the culture media were observed. The increases of the unfolded leaves or fresh weight of the seedlings were mainly dependent on the macroelements such as a $NO_3-N$, and affected by the different inorganic and organic media. Though the data analysis system was developed, actual measurement data were offered by using the user smart device, and analysis and comparison of the data were visualized graphically in time series based on the cloud database. Agricultural management in data visualization and/or plant growth can be implemented by the data analysis system under whole agricultural sites regardless of various culture environmental changes.