• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.5-23
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• 2002

Purpose: To determine the effect of the Fall Prevention Program(EPP) on gait, balance and muscle strength in elderly women at a nursing home. Method: The subjects of this consisted of 38 elderly women between the ages of 70 to 89 years living at a nursing home located in Seoul. Each of the experimental group and control group was composed of 19 subjects. The subjects in experimental group have participated in FPP for the 8 weeks which consisted of exercise, education and foot care. They started to exercise for 40 minutes per session, 3 sessions a week during the 1st week at 40% of age adjusted maximum heart rate. From the 2nd week to the 4th week, they increased the duration of exercise to 50 minutes per session and the intensity to 60% of age-adjusted maximum heart rate. They participated in 50 minutes at 60% of age-adjusted maximum heart rate from the 5th week to the 8th week. Each exercise session consisted of 10 minutes of warming-up exercise, 30 minutes of conditioning exercise and 10 minutes of cooling-down exercise. They participated in education for 20 minutes per week from the 1st week to the 4th week. Then they participated in a 30-minute foot care program per week from the 5th week to the 8th week. Gait, balance and muscle strength for each subject were measured before and after FPP. Gait was evaluated by step length, step width, gait speed and walking distance. Balance was measured by the duration of standing on one leg with their eyes closed and open each, and a get-up and go test. Grip strength was measured by hand dynamometer. Hip extensor and flexor strength, knee extensor and flexor strength and ankle plantarflexor and dorsiflexor strength were measured by manual muscle tester. Data was analyzed using SPSS form Windows. t-test and Chi square test were utilized as a homogeneity test. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to test the effect of FPP. Result: 1) Step width significantly decreased, and step length, gait speed and walking distance significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group after FPP(p<0.005). 2) There was no significant change in standing time on one leg with their eyes closed after FPP. The standing time on leg with their eyes open and the time of "get-up and go" significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with the control group after FPP(p<0.005). 3) Muscle strength-grip strength, hip extensor and flexor strength-significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group after FPP(p<0.005). 4) There was no significant difference of frequency of fall between the experimental group and control group during the period of FPP. Conclusion: These results suggest that FPP can increase gait, balance and muscle strength of elderly women at a nursing home.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 8 weeks of resistance exercise on gait-related abilities and the differences in age groups to provide reference materials for application of training by age group. Subjects in their 30s, 40s, and 50s were recruited and subjected to a lower extremity exercise, in which the intensity gradually increased three times a week for eight weeks. The gait-related variables, torque at 0.18 sec, acceleration time, and torque at 30°, were assessed through isokinetic tests before and after the 8-week training. The torque at 0.18 sec showed a significant increase in the 50s group. There was no significant difference in acceleration time according to time and group. The torque at 30° showed a significant increase in the 30s group. In conclusion, 8 weeks resistance training can increase neuromuscular activity in adults in their 50s group, and changes in training variables are needed to increase torque at 30° that affects knee stabilization in adults over 40s group.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2022

In order to investigate the effect of an 8-week elastic band exercise program according to age on the isokinetic strength and dynamic equilibrium of the knee, 10 women under 49 years old and 10 women over 50 years old were selected. Dynamic equilibrium was measured through Y-Balance test one week before the exercise program, and power and endurance were confirmed by measuring isokinetic muscle strength of the knee. After measurement, small tool exercise was performed for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of exercise, isokinetic muscle strength and dynamic equilibrium were measured. As a result, isokinetic muscle strength, which checks muscle strength and muscular endurance, increased after measurement than before measurement regardless of age, and dynamic equilibrium increased after measurement rather than before measurement, and the group under 49 years of age was higher than the group over 50 years old. We think that small tool exercise improves isokinetic muscle strength and is effective in neuromuscular development, improving dynamic stability ability, which is an important factor in preventing falls.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.149-153
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• 1986

Clinical analysis on early evidence of the pulp response to composite resin filling (27 cases) was made and reached to the results as follow; 1. Under age 40's early symptome was reported within the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th week after composite filling evenly and age 50's reported after 4th week. 2. Sensitive response to cold were 11 cases, to warm 3 cases and to both (cold, warm) were 9 cases. 3. Tenderness to percussion and light pressure on apical area were 5 cases.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.186-193
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• 1998

The purpose of this research is to seek properties of flowing light-weight aggregate concrete and possibility of application. The experimental analysis results by using light-weight aggregate and industrial waste such flyash, furnace slag are as follow. 1) The research shows that flowing light-weight aggregate concrete of slump 23~27cm, slump flow 58~69 cm is possible, but material segregation is appeared above slump 26.5cm and slump flow 65 cm. 2) If mixing ratio of flyash is increase, strength deterioration is about 25 % in early age. It showed that effectiveness of long time strength improvement because strength manifestation ratio is above 95% in a long term. 3) This research showed possibility of substitution of blast furnace slag because strength deterioration by using mixing of furnace slag was appeared small deterioration range as below 10 %. 4) Each experimental compressive strength ratios were 77 %(1st week), 86 %(2nd week), 109 %(8th week), 115 %(13th week), 125 % (26th week) on the basis of 28 days. If mixing ratio of flyash is increase, long term strength increase ratio is improved.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2011

Objective: This study was designed to describe the trends in body mass index (BMI) during 6 years (2002-2008) and to identify associations between these trends and the amount of physical activity of South Korean career soldiers. Method: This study targeted the 40 993 (38 857 men and 2136 women) of the 58 657 career soldiers who had undergone four (2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008) biennial medical examinations conducted by the National Health Insurance Corporation; 17 664 soldiers with missing data on height, weight, and physical activity were excluded. A linear mixedregression model was used to categorize changes in BMI due to age versus those due to amount of physical activity. Results: Career soldiers experienced significant increases in BMI compared with baseline data gathered in 2002. The increases in each age group were as follows: men aged 20-29: 1.16, men aged 30-39: 0.61, men aged 40-49: 0.05, women aged 20-29: 0.35, women aged 30-39: 0.30, women aged 40 -49: 0.26, and women aged 50-59: 0.21. However, men aged 50 or older showed significant decreases (as high as 0.5) in BMI compared with baseline data obtained in 2002. They also experienced significant decreases in BMI compared with those who reported no physical activity. The differences between baseline and final BMIs were: 0.02 for men exercising 1-2 times per week, -0.07 for men exercising 3-4 times per week, -0.19 for men exercising 5-6 times per week, -0.21 for men exercising seven times per week, -0.05 for women exercising 1-2 times per week, -0.19 for women exercising 3-4 times per week, -0.30 for women exercising 5-6 times per week, and -0.30 for women exercising seven times per week. Conclusions: Obesity in South Korean career soldiers increased markedly between 2002 and 2008, and our data showed that the amount of physical activity was inversely related to increases in BMI. Policies to prevent obesity are needed to reduce this trend.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.276-295
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• 2001

In this paper, Korean's dining-out behaviors were compared and investigated according to gender and age. The change and the problem of dietary pattern in Korea were understood and we intend to provide the basic information for guidelines of Korean's dietary habits. The subjects are composed of 46.5% male and 53.5% female. According to age, groups aged $10{\sim}19$ are 26.3%, 20's are 24.6%, 30's are 16.8%, 40's are 18.7%, and 50 and over age group is 13.6%. All of the age groups ate out for celebration of a special day or for social purposes. When dining-out, the most important criteria for selecting a restaurant was the taste of food. All age groups liked Korean-style restaurants the most. All age group eat a house meal at breakfast. At lunch, age groups 40 and below go to a restaurant in school or company and 50 and over age group eats house meal. In general, all age groups ate a house meal at dinner. At breakfast, all the age groups do not eat out. For lunch, they eat out four or five times a week. For dinner, the most of age groups except the 20's eat out two or three times a month and for the 20's age group, two or three times a week. The reason for selecting a Korean-style restaurant is that the food is 'well matched with one's appetite'. According to the above results, the dietary habits of 30 and over age groups are relatively good. On the other hand, in 10's and 20's age groups, they have an irregular meal and the ratio of skipping a meal is high. And they frequently use fast-food restaurants. In the future, the unbalance of nutrition in these age groups is expected. Therefore, the correct nutritional facts should be educated so that these age groups have a healthy dietary habit.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.64-64
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• 1999

The relations between micorfloral compositions and environmental factors of 32 Korean infants were sought through statistical analysis after examination of fecal bacterial and questions to their mothers about feeding experiences at three different times for each subjects, about one week after birth, before weaning (2-3 months after birth), and after weaning 95-7 months after birth). The majority of mothers fed their infants cereal foods after the age of 4 months and began weaning with fruit juice and commercial weaning foods. Defection frequencies and fecal pH of infants decreased significantly during the examination period and 37.5% of total infants in fecal samples increased significantly during the examination period, which means that the kinds of bacterial genera increase with aging of infants. Frequencies of streptococci were significantly higher in infants fed delivered by Caesarian section than infants delivered naturally. Frequencies of clostridia were significantly higher in infants fed with cereal food before 4 months of age than after 5 months. The infants fed with probiotics showed significantly higher frequencies of veillonella at about 1 week old. They also showed significantly higher frequencies of clostridia before weaning than the infant fed with no probiotics, but significantly lower frequencies of C. perfringens before weaning. The infants fed with probiotics showed significantly higher number of streptococci at the age of about 1 week and significantly higher numbers of total aerobes before weaning, but significantly lower numbers of bacteroides after weaning than their counter parts. The fecal pH was directly proportional to the number of clostridia, klebsiella, and total aerobes at about 1 week after birth, to the number of E. coli before weaning, and to the number of streptococci and clostridia after weaning. Fecal pH had a negative relationship to the total number of anaerobes in 1-week-old infants. The infants that had diarrhea during lactation showed higher frequencies of bacteroides before weaning than those that didn't.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 1999

The relations between micorfloral compositions and environmental factors of 32 Korean infants were sought through statistical analysis after examinaton of fecal bacterial and questions to their mothers about feeding experiences at three different times for each subjects, about one week after birth, before weaning (2-3 months after birth), and after weaning 95-7 months after birth). The majority of mothers fed their infants cereal foods after the age of 4 months and began weaning with fruit juice and commercial weaning foods. Defection frequencies and fecal pH of infants decreased significantly during the examination period and 37.5% of total infants in fecal samples increased significantly during the examination period, which means that the kinds of bacterial genera increase with aging of infants. Frequencies of streptococci were significantly higher in infants fed delivered by Caesarian section than infants delived naturally. Frequencies of clostrida were significantly higher in infants fed with cerealfood before 4 months of age than after 5 months. The infants fed with probiotics showed significantly higher frequencies of veillonella at about 1 week old. They also showed significantly higher frequencies of clostridia before weaning than the infant fed with no probiotics, but significantly lower frequencise of C. perfringens before weaning. The infants fed with probiotics showed significantly higher number of streptococci at the age of about 1 week and significantly higher numbers of total aerobes before weaning, but significantly lower numbers of bacteroides after weaning than their counter parts. The fecla pH was directly proportional to the number of clostridia, klebsiella, and total aerobes at about 1 week after birth, to the number of E. coli before weaning, and to the number of streptococci and clostridia after weaning. Fecal pH had a negative relationship to the total number of anaerobes in 1-week-old infants. The infants that had diarrhea during lactation showed higher frequencies of bacteroides before weaning than those that didn't.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.176-184
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• 2018

In this study, we observed chronological changes in the immunoreactivity and expression level of myelin basic protein (MBP), one of the most abundant proteins in the central nervous system, in the hippocampus of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and their control littermates (Zucker lean control; ZLC). In the ZLC group, body weight steadily increased with age; the body weight of the ZDF group, however, peaked at 30 weeks of age, and subsequently decreased. Based on the changes of body weight, animals were divided into the following six groups: early (12-week), middle (30-week), and chronic (52-week) diabetic groups and their controls. MBP immunoreactivity was found in the alveus, strata pyramidale, and lacunosum-moleculare of the CA1 region, strata pyramidale and radiatum of the CA3 region, and subgranular zone, polymorphic layer, and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. MBP immunoreactivity was lowest in the hippocampus of 12-week-old rats in the ZLC group, and highest in 12-week-old rats in the ZDF group. Diabetes increased MBP levels in the 12-week-old group, while MBP immunoreactivity decreased in the 30-week-old group. In the 52-week-old ZLC and ZDF groups, MBP immunoreactivity was detected in the hippocampus, similar to the 30-week-old ZDF group. Western blot results corroborated with immunohistochemical results. These results suggested that changes in the immunoreactivity and expression of MBP in the hippocampus might be a compensatory response to aging, while the sustained levels of MBP in diabetic animals could be attributed to a loss of compensatory responses in oligodendrocytes.