• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.401-413
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• 2002

In this paper, we consider hyperstructures (H,.) defined on the set H = {e, a, b}. We study the hyperstructure of H when every element is one of a scalar unit, a unit or a weak scalar. On those conditions the $H_{\upsilon}$-quasigroups are classified. And we obtain the 15 minimal $H_{\upsilon}$-groups and 2 non-quasi $H_{\upsilon}$-semigroups For these we use the Mathematica 3.0 computer programs.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2001

Vogiouklis introduced $H_v$-hyperstructures and gave the "open problem: for $H_v$-groups, we have ${\beta}^*={\beta}^{\prime\prime}$. We have an affirmative result about this open problem for some special cases. We study ${\beta}$ relations on $H_v$-quasigroups. When a set H has at least three elements and (H, ${\cdot}$) is an $H_v$-quasigroup with a weak scalar e, if there are elements $x,y{\in}H$ such that xy = H \ {e}, then we have (xy)(xy) = H.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.373-377
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• 2016

Background: Experiments with small electrochemical apparatus were previously carried out for detecting low-energy neutrinos under irradiation of reactor neutrinos and under natural neutrino environment. The experimental result indicated that the output current of reactor-neutrino irradiated detector was appreciably larger than that of natural environmental one. Usual interaction cross-sections of neutrinos are quite small, so that they do not explain the experimental result at all. Materials and Methods: To understand the experimental data, we propose that some biological products may generate AV-type scalar field B0, leading to a large interaction cross-section. The output current generation is ascribed to an electrochemical process that may be assisted by weak interaction phenomena. Dissolved oxygen concentrations in the detector solution were measured in this study, for the purpose of understanding the mechanism of the detector output current generation. Results and Discussion: It was found that the time evolution of experimental output current was mostly reproduced in simulation calculation on the basis of the measured dissolved oxygen concentration. Conclusion: We mostly explained the variation of experimental data by using the electrochemical half-cell analysis model based on the DO concentration that is consistent to the experiment.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.52-75
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• 2021

초국적 기업에 대항하는 국내노동운동이 교착상태에 빠진 원인 중 하나는 "강한" 초국적 기업 vs. "약한" 노동자라는 공간적 인식과도 관련된다. 이러한 인식의 기저에는 초국적 기업은 추상적, 구조적인 존재로서 글로벌 스케일에서 자유롭게 움직이고, 노동자는 구체적이고, 연약한 존재로서 로컬 스케일에 속박된 것으로 재현되는 '글로벌-로컬의 이분법'이 놓여 있다. 본 논문은 "글로벌" 자본 vs. "로컬" 노동자라는 이분법을 깨기 위한 대안적 시각으로 노동지리학을 주목한다. 노동지리학은 노동자를 단순히 생산요인으로 간주하지 않고, 자본주의의 경관을 의도적 또는 비의도적으로 생산하는 행위자로 개념화한다. 다중스케일적 접근의 통찰을 빌려온 본 연구는 2003년 발생한 한국네슬레노동조합 파업을 사례로 노동자들이 사용하는 공간전략의 작동방식을 면밀히 분석하고자 한다. 본 사례연구를 통하여 저자는 노동자들이 다중스케일적 실천을 고안할 수 있는 역량이 있으며, 이는 초국적 기업의 자본주의 경관의 형성에 상당한 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 주장한다. 또한 다양한 스케일 상에 존재하는 정치적, 경제적, 문화적 요인들과 행위자들과의 역동적 상호작용의 결과로서 노동자들의 다중스케일적 실천은 매우 복합적, 다면적인 특성을 띠고 있음을 강조한다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.62.2-62.2
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• 2018

From the gaussian, near scale-invariant density perturbations observed in the CMB to the late time clustering of galaxies, CDM provides a minimal theoretical explanation for a variety of cosmological data. However accepting this explanation, requires that we include within our cosmic ontology a vacuum energy that is ~122 orders of magnitude lower than QM predictions, or alternatively a new scalar field (dark energy) that has negative pressure. Alternatively, modifications to Einstein's General Relativity have been proposed as a model for cosmic acceleration. Recently there have been many works attempting to test for modified gravity using the large scale clustering of galaxies, ISW, cluster abundance, RSD, 21cm observations, and weak lensing. In this work, we compare various modified gravity models using cosmic shear data from the Deep Lens Survey as well as data from CMB, SNe Ia, and BAO. We use the Bayesian Evidence to quantify the comparison robustly, which naturally penalizes complex models with weak data support. In this poster we present our methodology and preliminary constraints on f(R) gravity.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.1135-1161
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• 2010

The interpretations of degree expressions require the postulation of new entities to represent degrees. Diverse entities such as degrees, intervals, and vectors are adopted for degree expressions. Positive degree sentences and questions are properly construed with the introduction of these entities, but their negative counterparts need more consideration. Negative degree sentences show dual patterns of entailments depending on contexts, and negative degree questions are unacceptable, making weak islands. To explicate the distinct nature of negative degree sentences and questions, Fox & Hackl (2006) provide an analysis based on degrees while Abrusan & Spector (2010) suggest a proposal in interval readings of degree expressions. I have pointed out the theoretical problems of these analyses and proposed an alternative in the framework of the vector space semantics, following Winter (2005). Bi-directional scales in vector space fit well with the dual patterns of negative degree sentences, and the notion of a reference vector is useful to accommodate the contextual influence in negative degree sentences and to deal with the unacceptability of negative degree questions.

• 천문학회보
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.40.4-41
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• 2018

The current 'standard model' of cosmology provides a minimal theoretical framework that can explain the gaussian, nearly scale-invariant density perturbations observed in the CMB to the late time clustering of galaxies. However accepting this framework, requires that we include within our cosmic inventory a vacuum energy that is ~122 orders of magnitude lower than Quantum Mechanical predictions, or alternatively a new scalar field (dark energy) that has negative pressure. An alternative approach to adding extra components to the Universe would be to modify the equations of Gravity. Although GR is supported by many current observations there are still alternative models that can be considered. Recently there have been many works attempting to test for modified gravity using the large scale clustering of galaxies, ISW, cluster abundance, RSD, 21cm observations, and weak lensing. In this work, we compare various modified gravity models using cosmic shear data from the Deep Lens Survey as well as data from CMB, SNe Ia, and BAO. We use the Bayesian Evidence to quantify the comparison robustly, which naturally penalizes complex models with weak data support. In this talk we present our methodology and preliminary results that show f(R) gravity is mildly disfavoured by the data.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2018

Since the global positioning system receivers on the surface of the Earth use satellite signals sent from a remote distance and the intensity of received signals is weak, they are vulnerable to jamming. This paper implements a vector-tracking loop (VTL)-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver algorithm as an anti-jamming technique and compares the performance of VTL-based receivers with that of scalar-tracking loop (STL) that is used in general GNSS receivers at various jamming environments and a vehicle's dynamics. The simulation results shows that VTL is more robust against jamming than STL in all operating environments.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2000

에디 공분산 방법은 생태계와 대기간의 질량과 에너지 교환을 측정하는데 널리 사용되고 있다. 이 방법은 다른 미기상학적 방법과는 달리 많은 가정을 필요로 하지 않는 직접 측정으로서, 스칼라의 농도 변화를 측정하기 위해 고속 반응의 개회로 또는 폐회로 기기를 필요로 한다. 후자를 사용할 경우, 흡입된 공기가 관을 통과하면서 스칼라의 농도 변동의 감쇠가 일어난다. 이러한 관 감쇠 효과는 측정하고자 하는 난류 플럭스를 과소 평가하게 한다. 난류 흐름의 감쇠 효과를 정량화하기 위해서 개회로 기기와 폐회로 기기로 측정된 수증기 농도를 각각 분석하였다. 통계적 분석에 의하면, 폐회로 기기에서 얻어진 스펙트럼이 0.5 Hz 이상의 영역에서 개회로 기기에서 얻어진 스펙트럼과 서로 다름을 보였다. 낮에는 관 감쇠에 의한 수증기 플럭스의 손실이 5% 이내였으나, 밤에는 풍속이 작고, 난류의 강도가 약하여 플럭스 손실이 상대적으로 크게 나타났다. 이론적으로 계산된 플럭스 손실은 관측 결과와 고주파수 영역에서 약간의 차이를 보였는데, 이것은 수증기가 관의 벽과 상호 작용하면서 플럭스 측정에 영향을 주었기 때문인 것으로 추정된다. 결론적으로, 개회로나 폐회로기기 모두 5% 오차 내에서 수증기 플럭스 관측에 사용할 수 있다. 그러나 대기가 안정할 때는 플럭스 산출시 고주파수에서의 영향을 신중히 고려해 주어야 한다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to measure the relative efficiency of the police agencies in Korea with data collected from 2018 to 2020, using data envelopment analysis (DEA), as put forward by Charnes et al., which is used to construct a scalar measure of efficiency for all police agencies. The results of this study can be used to assist police agencies in delivering better and more efficient services to the community. The analytical results based on DEA identify potentially weak and strong police agencies on policing performance, their efficient benchmarking, and the levels of clear-ups that would make inefficient police agencies efficient. We could suggest that higher levels of the police force are associated with higher performance efficiency against crimes. But, it is a little hard to say that higher levels of the police force can keep the local police agencies efficient without explaining the contribution of other input variables to criminal arrest and prevention. On the other hand, our analysis presents that differences in operating environments and socioeconomic factors do not have a significant influence on the efficiency of local police agencies. But, it is necessary to note that we need to examine the effect of environments and socioeconomic factors on crime to create the better-policing performance.