• 대한수학회보
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.173-180
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• 1994

Let H be a separable, infinite dimensional, compled Hilbert space and let L(H) be the algebra of all bounded linear operators on H. A dual algebra is a subalgebra of L(H) that contains the identity operator $I_{H}$ and is closed in the ultraweak topology on L(H). Note that the ultraweak operator topology coincides with the wea $k^{*}$ topology on L(H)(see [3]). Bercovici-Foias-Pearcy [3] studied the problem of solving systems of simultaneous equations in the predual of a dual algebra. The theory of dual algebras has been applied to the topics of invariant subspaces, dilation theory and reflexibity (see [1],[2],[3],[5],[6]), and is deeply related with properties ( $A_{m,n}$). Jung-Lee-Lee [7] introduced n-separating sets for subalgebras and proved the relationship between n-separating sets and properties ( $A_{m,n}$). In this paper we will study the relationship between direct sum and properties ( $A_{m,n}$). In particular, using some results of [7] we obtain relationship between n-separating sets and direct sum of von Neumann algebras.ras.s.ras.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 2005년도 학술대회
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• pp.131-134
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• 2005

현재, TPEG 포럼(Forum)에서는 RTM전술한 바와 같이 주차장 정보(PKI), 혼잡 및 여행시간 정보(CTI), 날씨정보(WEA), 환경오염경보(EIA) 등의 신규 서비스에 대한 표준화가 진행중에 있지만, TPEG에서 정의된 TTI(교통 및 여행(자) 정보) 응용서비스는 RTM과 PTI와 같은 교통정보에만 국한되어 서비스 제공되고 있다. 본 논문은 TPEG 기반 응용서비스의 다양성 한계를 극복하고 많은 고부가가치 서비스들 중에 뉴스정보(News)를 선정하고, 기존 TPEG(Transport Protocol Expert Group) 프로토콜과 호환성을 유지하며, 이동멀티미디어 방송 시스템을 통해 효과적으로 서비스할 수 있는 프레임 구조를 정의한다. 이를 위해, 기존 TPEG프레임의 구조를 분석하고, 신규 응용서비스(뉴스정보)를 위한 프레임을 구성하는 각 필드들과 각 필드에 쓰여질 관련 DB 테이블과 구성방법을 정의한다. 또한 이동멀티미디어 방송시스템(T-DMB)을 통한 콘텐츠 저작, 스트림 생성 및 전송, 그리고 TPEG 디코더가 내장된 수신단말에서의 구현 결과물을 보임으로써 신규 제안된 뉴스정보의 타당성을 검증한다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1998

버들치 Rhynchocypris oxycephalus와 버들개 R. steindachneri를 대상으로 마취 수온 10도C, 15도C 및 20도C에서 염산리도카인(염산리도카인/NaHCO하(3))의 마취 효과를 조사하였다. 마취 시간과 회복 시간을 고려시 효과적인 염산리도카인 농도는 버들치에서 300ppm ($20^{\circ}C.$), 400ppm ($15^{\circ}C.$) 및 600ppm ($10^{\circ}C.$) 이었고 버들개에서 400ppm ($20^{\circ}C.$), 500ppm ($15^{\circ}C.$) 및 600ppm ($10^{\circ}C.$) 이었다. 마취시간과 회복시간에 있어 버들치 속 2종은 염산리도카인 농도 및 마취 수온 의존적이었다. 각 염산리도카인 농도에서 개체 크기가 증가할수록 마취 시간이 길어졌으며, 개체 크기가 큰 군은 마취 농도가 증가할수록 회복 시간 역시 길어졌다. 본 연구 결과 염산리도카인은 버들치 속어류 마취에 효과적인 것으로 판명되었다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.398-411
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• 1992

The characteristics of local climate in the vicinity of Duckyang Bay have been investigated with the analysis of the surface observation data of Gohug District and the aerological data of Kwangju. In principal features of local climate, the annual range in temperature appeared identical with the mean value(24~$25^{\circ}C$) of the south coastal area, and evaporation from April to September was likely less than precipitation. The average speed of surface wind in Summer seemed higher than in other seasons on account of wea breeze. Relative humidity was 74%, annual average. In the mean cloud cover Summer(6.4) showed greater deal of amount than Winter(4.2). Duration of sunshine was the longest in May(268.4hrs), while the shortest in February(188.4hrs). The amount of the precipitable water was the greatest in July, whereas the least in January, and in Summer the greatest, in Autumn the second greatest, and in Spring the third greatest, and in Winter the least in consideration of seasonal orders. The Summer deviation was most remarkable around all sides. The direction of vector wind appeared the most changeable on the earth surface. At an altitude of 300mb all the winds blew west around all months. Moreover, water vapor transport was measured to be the greatest in Summer; while the least in Winter. So was the deviation of water vapor transport. And lastly frequency of occurrence of days in which a little cloud appeared(less than 5/10) was high except for Summer, when northerly winds blew; while frequency of occurrence of day plenty of clouds floated was outstandingly high at the time of strong southerly winds.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2017

Because the running speed of vehicles is increasing and a shorter braking distance is required, high heat-resistant brake pads are needed to satisfy the requirements of customers and car makers. In the near future, hazardous materials such as Cu, Cr, Zn, and Sb will be restricted from use in friction materials. Ceramic composites reinforced by carbon fibers are good candidates for eco-friendly friction materials. In this study, we develop ceramic composite friction materials. The friction materials are composed of carbon fibers, Si, SiC, graphite, and phenol resin and are prepared by hot forming and heat treatment at high temperatures. The density, void ratio, and compressive strength are $1.59-1.66g/cm^3$, 16.6-20, and 70-90 MPa, respectively. Friction and wear tests are performed using a pin-on-plate-type reciprocating friction tester at 25, 100, and $200^{\circ}C$. The counterpart material is a CrMoV steel extracted from a KTX brake disc. Friction coefficient, wear amount, and wear mechanism are measured and examined. We determine that the friction coefficients depend on the temperature and the fluctuation of the friction coefficients is larger at higher temperatures. The amount of wear increases with the surface temperatures of the specimens. The tribological properties of the developed composites are similar to those of a Cu-based sintered friction material. Through this study, it is confirmed that ceramic composite materials can be used as friction materials.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.387-396
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• 1994

Mineralogical and geochemical studies on gold-bearing quartz veins and wallrock from the Mugeug mine were carried out in order to investigate the variation of mineralogical composition and the geochemical behavior of elements with distance from the gold-bearing quartz veins. Gold-bearing quartz veins occur in early Cretaceous medium- to coarse-grained biotite granite. The unaltered wallrock is composed mainly of quartz, plagioclase, orthoclase, microcline, biotite and hornblende with accessory minerals of sphene and apatite. Mineralogical changes in altered wallrock around the gold-bearing quartz veins were observed as follows; 1) biotite and hornblende altered into chlorite, and next to sericite, 2) plagioclase, orthoclase and microcline altered into sericite, and 3) calcite and quartz introduced into wallrock. Contents of $K_2O$, Rb, Cs, Au, As and Sb in altered wallrock increase, whereas those of $Na_2O$, CaO, Ba, and Sr decrease with proximity to the gold-bearing quartz veins. The loss on ignition also increases with the increase of alteration mineral. The width of primary dispersion increases in order $Au=SiO_2<As=Cs=Rb<K_2O=Sb$ and $MnO<Na_2O=CaO=Ba<Sr$. The sericitization index, $K_2O/(K_2O+Na_2O)$, is an important indicator to interpret the degree of alteration at the Mugeug mine, which is more than 0.8 in strongly and moderately altered granite, 0.5~0.8 in wea altered granite, and less than 0.5 in unaltered granite. Alteration indices for major and trace elements, and the ratio of Rb/Sr are also useful to discriminate alteration zones.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 건강유지 및 증가를 위한 스포츠와 ICT 융합 기술의 유형별 분류를 통해 현황과 향후 전망을 살펴보고자 하였다. 스포츠와 ICT 융합 기술은 스포츠와 가상현실, 웨어러블 기기, 그리고 애플리케이션과 플랫폼의 개발의 세 가지 유형으로 분류할 수 있었다. 첫째, 가상현실 기술의 적용은 다양한 동작인식 센싱 기술을 통해 사용자에게 현실감과 재미, 그리고 몰입을 경험하게 함으로써 실제 스포츠를 즐기는 것과 같은 느낌을 주었으며, '게이미피케이션' 개념으로 확장되어 '나이키플러스'의 게임화 적용은 웨어러블 디바이스 시장의 확산에 기폭제가 되었다. 둘째, 웨어러블 디바이스 영역에서 가장 빠르게 성장하고 있는 분야는 건강과 스포츠 분야로, 글로벌 ICT 기업뿐만 아니라 중국 업체와 스타트 업 등 다양한 사업자들이 피트니스 관련 웨어러블 디바이스 출시하여 저변확대를 위한 경쟁을 하고 있다. 셋째, 애플리케이션을 통해 모아진 건강과 운동 관련 데이터를 활용할 수 있는 플랫폼 구축과 영향력이 확대되고 있다. 향후 웨어러블 디바이스와 플랫폼 경쟁이 더욱 본격화 될 것으로 예상되며, 향후 지속적 발전을 위해서는 충분한 데이터 라이브러리 확보와 기술력 개발 등의 과제를 풀어나가야 할 것이다.

• 한국교육학연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.117-142
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• 2017

본 연구는 노동자교육운동의 흐름 가운데에서 리처드 헨리 토니(Richard Henry Tawney, 1880~1962)의 성인교육사상을 조명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 노동자교육운동은 노동자교육에 대한 관점에 따라 크게 두 흐름으로 나누어질 수 있다. 즉 노동자교육을 자유교양교육의 일환으로 간주하는 입장과, 노동자교육을 사회변혁의 도구로 간주하는 입장으로 나누어지는 것이다. 교양교육의 중요성을 강조하는 전자의 입장은 영국의 대학확장 운동과 연계를 맺고 발전하여, 맨스브리지를 중심으로 조직된 '노동자교육협회'를 통해 실천적 영향을 미쳤다. 교육의 사회변혁 기능을 강조하는 후자의 입장은 '노동자대학전국협의회'를 중심으로 선전과 뚜렷이 구분되지 않는 형태의 교육을 실시했다. 토니는 이러한 두 가지 흐름을 종합한 성인 교육사상을 보여주고 있으며, 이는 민주적 방식을 통한 사회주의의 건설을 지향했던 그의 평등사상과 밀접한 연관을 맺고 있다. 토니는 기본적으로 성인교육이 자유교양교육에 토대를 두어야 한다고 보았다. 하지만 동시에 이런 성인교육이 사회주의의 건설에 기여할 수 있다고 생각했다. 즉 자유교양교육을 바탕으로, 세계에 대한 합리적 이해와 토론을 통해 사회변혁에 기여하는 노동자교육이 가능하다는 것이 토니의 성인교육사상이 지닌 특징이다. 이러한 토니의 성인교육사상은 진보적 사회변화를 염원하는 교육학자들과 교육자들에게 실천적 시사점을 주며, 이론적으로는 사회변혁과 교육의 관계에 대한 교육학적 연구를 풍부하게 해준다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제4권
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• pp.101-126
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• 1990

At early Cheong (淸) dynasty, in medical aspect by dependent on practical studying attitude that must found a theory only by an evidence, there had been a tendancy that hoped direct research of sages' mind-eye by escaping the theory of individual classes since Geum-Won (金-元) dynasty. Yoo Chang (喩昌), born in Man-Ryeok (萬曆) 12th year of Myung (明) dynasty (A.D.1583) and dead in Gang-Hee (康熙) 3rd year of Cheong (淸) dynasty (A.D.1664). The results were as follows after studying his practical idea of medicine. 1. Yoo Chang, by recognizing the ${\ll}$Sang-Han-Ro${\gg}$ has lost its true meaning after commented by Wang Hee (王熙), Lim Eog (林億), Seong Moo-I (成無巳), etc. according to Bang Yoo-Jip's (方有執) Chak-Gan-Jung-Jeong (錯簡重訂) theory, he diversified the protocal of ${\ll}$Sang-Han-Ro${\gg}$ 397 method and arranged under Six Meridian part. (六經) 2. The theory of Sam-Gang-Jeong-Rip (三綱鼎立) can be summerized Gye-Ji (桂枝) syndrome which is the case of Wind (風) has injured Wi (衛) stage, Ma-hwang (麻黃) syndrome which is the case of Cold (寒) has injured Yeong (榮) stage, Dae-Cheong-Ryong (大靑龍) syndrome which is the case both of Wind-Cold (風寒) has injured Yeong-Wi (榮衛) stage, and there has been Sam-Gang-Jeong-Rip theory by anterior medical practitioners already but the person who formally used its Sam-Gang-Jeong-Rip term is Yoo Chang. 3. Yoo Chang seized the On Byeng (溫病) by dividing three category and in Byon-Jeung-Si-Chi (辨證施治) he influenced to many aspect of establishment of later Byon-Jeung system On-Byong (溫病의 辨證體系) pertaining to Triple-Warmer by O-Dang (吳瑭) introducing Triple-Wanner Theory. (三焦理論) 4. At Chu-Jo-Ron (秋燥論) of ${\ll}$EUi-Moon-Beop-Ryo${\gg}$, while ${\ll}$Nae-Gyeong${\gg}$ describing if humidity injury Lung, then occur a disorder in it, Yoo Chang recognized that of au tuam when dryness injure Lung there occure a disorder is it so he insisted that at this case, must use Cheong-Joe-Goo-Pye method (淸操救肺法) withherbs, pertaing to Gam-Yoo-Ja-Yoon(甘柔滋潤性) property and he invented Cheong-Joe-Goo-Pye-Tang. (淸操救肺湯) 5. Yoo Chang', so called, Dae-Gi (大氣) indicates Yang-Gi (陽氣) of chest, he insisted that man's creation and every physiological activity depends on maintainence of Dae-Gi, and it integrate Yeong-Gi (榮氣), Wea-Gi (衛氣), Jong-Gi (宗氣), Jang-Boo-Ji-Gi (臟腑之氣), Gyeong-Rak-Ji-Gi. (經絡之氣) 6. Yoo Chang's expression about partical function and character of stomach, not only bolster its theory of historical physician's expression, that is stomach is. foundatness of postnatal period, but also it has corresponding aspect with modern medicine and clinic. 7. Yoo Chang emphasized "if one cure a disease, be must understood the character of disease first and use drugs later" (先議病 後用藥) phrase about of drug usage, and his theory of Geup-Rew-Man-Joo method (急流挽舟) and three therapy of Simple Ascite (單腹腸) are all unique opinion based upon this phrase mentioned above. 8. Yoo Chang's practical idea of medicine greatly influenced to Jang Ro (張璐), Hwang Won-A (黃元御), Oh Eui-Rak (吳儀洛), Joo Yang-Joon (周揚俊), etc. and theory of Sam-Gang-Jeng-Rip (三綱鼎立), Triple Warmer Theory of On Byong (溫疫의 三焦論治), Chu-Jo-Ron (秋燥論), Dae-Gi-Ron (大氣論) etc. became important object to student of Sang-Han (傷寒) and On-Byeng. (溫病) 9. Yoo Chang's Writings has more practical meaning than other physician's, especially, later the idea of Sang-Han (傷寒) and On-Byong (溫病) greatly contributed to development of Sang-Han theory and formation of On-Byong theory.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.211-243
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the cause, symptom, treatment, medicine of Wei symptom through the literature of oriental and western medicine. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Wei symptom is the symptom that reveals muscle relaxation without contraction and muscle relaxation occures in the lower limb or upper limb, in severe case, leads to death. 2. Since the pathology and etiology of Wei symptom was first described as "pe-yeol-yeop-cho"(肺熱葉焦) in Hung Ti Nei Ching(黃帝內經), for generations most doctors had have accepted it. but after Dan Ge(丹溪), it had been classified into seven causes, damp-heat(濕熱), phlegm-damp(濕痰), deficiency of qi(氣虛), deficiency of blood(血虛), deficiency of yin(陰處), stagnant blood(死血), stagnant food(食積). Chang Gyeng Ag(張景岳) added the cause of deficiency of source qi(元氣). 3. The concept of "To treat Yangming, most of all"(獨治陽明) was emphasized in the treatment of Wei symptom and contains nourishment of middle warmer energy(補益中氣), clearance of yangming-damp-heat(淸化陽明濕熱). 4. Since Nei-ching era(內經時代), Wei and Bi symptom(痺症) is differenciated according to the existence of pain. After Ming era(明代) appeared theory of co-existence of Wei symptom and pain or numbness but they were accepted as a sign of Wei symptom caused by the pathological factor phelgm(痰), damp(濕), stagnancy(瘀). 5. In the western medical point of view, Wei symptom is like paraplegia, or tetraplegia. and according to the causative disease, it is accompanied by dysesthesia, paresthsia, pain. thus it is more recommended to use hwal-hyel-hwa-ae(活血化瘀) method considering damp-heat(濕熱), qi deficiency of spleen and stornach(脾胃氣虛) as pathological basis than to simply differenciate Wei and Bi symptom according to the existence of pain. 6. The cause of Gullian-Barre syndrome(GBS) is consist of two factors, internal and external. Internal factors include asthenia of spleen and stomach, and of liver and kidney. External factors include summur-damp(暑濕), damp-heat(濕熱), cold-damp(寒濕) and on the basis of "classification and treatment according to the symptom of Zang-Fu"(臟腑辨證論治), the cause of GBS is classified into injury of body fluid by lung heat(肺熱傷津), infiltration of damp-heat(濕熱浸淫), asthenia of spleen and kidney(脾腎兩虛), asthenia of spleen and stomach(脾胃虛弱), asthenia of liver and kidney (肝腎兩虛). 7. The cause of GBS is divided by according to the disease developing stage: Early stage include dryness-heat(燥熱), damp(濕邪), phlegm(痰濁), stagnant blood(瘀血), and major treatment is reducing of excess(瀉實). Late stage include deficiency of essence(精虛), deficiency with excess(虛中挾實), and essencial deficiency of liver and kidney(肝腎精不足) is major point of treatment. 8. Following is the herbal medicine of GBS according to the stage. In case of summur-damp(暑濕), chung-seu-iki-tang(淸暑益氣湯) is used which helps cooling and drainage of summer-damp(淸利暑濕), reinforcement of qi and passage of collateral channels(補氣通絡). In case of damp-heat, used kun-bo-hwan(健步丸), In case of cool-damp(寒濕), used 'Mahwang-buja-sesin-tang with sam-chul-tang'(麻黃附子細辛湯合蓼朮湯). In case of asthenia of spleen and kidney, used 'Sam-lyeng-baik-chul san'(蔘笭白朮散), In case of asthenia of liver and kidney, used 'Hojam-hwan'(虎潛丸). 9. Following is the herbal medicine of GBS according to the "classification and treatment according to the symptom of Zang-Fu"(臟腑辨證論治). In the case of injury of body fluid by lung heat(肺熱傷津), 'Chung-jo-gu-pae-tang'(淸燥救肺湯) is used. In case of 'infiltration of damp-heat'(濕熱浸淫), us-ed 'Yi-myo-hwan'(二妙丸), In case of 'infiltration of cool-damp'(寒濕浸淫), us-ed 'Yui-lyung-tang', In case of asthenia of spleen, used 'Sam-lyung-bak-chul-san'. In case of yin-deficiency of liver and kidney(肝腎陰虛), used 'Ji-bak-ji-hwang-hwan'(知柏地黃丸), or 'Ho-jam-hwan'(虎潛丸). 10. Cervical spondylosis with myelopathy is occuered by compression or ischemia of spinal cord. 11. The cause of cervical spondylosis with myelopathy consist of 'flow disturbance of the channel points of tai-yang'(太陽經兪不利), 'stagnancy of cool-damp'(寒濕凝聚), 'congestion of phlegm-damp stagnant substances'(痰濕膠阻), 'impairment of liver and kidney'(肝腎虛損). 12. In treatment of cervical spondylosis with myelopathy, are used 'Ge-ji-ga-gal-geun-tang-gagam'(桂枝加葛根湯加減), 'So-hwal-lack-dan-hap-do-hong-eum-gagam(小活絡丹合桃紅飮加減), 'Sin-tong-chuck-ue-tang-gagam(身痛逐瘀湯加減), 'Do-dam-tang-hap-sa-mul-tang-gagam'(導痰湯合四物湯加減), 'Ik-sin-yang-hyel-guen-bo-tang'(益腎養血健步湯加減), 'Nok-gakyo-hwan-gagam'(鹿角膠丸加減). 13. The cause of muscle dystropy is related with 'the impairement of vital qi'(元氣損傷), and 'impairement of five Zang organ'(五臟敗傷). Symptoms and signs are classified into asthenia of spleen and stomach, deficiency with excess, 'deficiency of liver and kidney'(肝腎不足) infiltration of damp-heat, 'deficiency of qi and blood'(氣血兩虛), 'yang deficiency of spleen and kidney'(脾腎陽虛). 14. 'Bo-jung-ik-gi-tang'(補中益氣湯), 'Gum-gang-hwan'(金剛丸), 'Yi-gong-san-hap-sam-myo-hwan'(異功散合三妙丸), 'Ja-hyel-yang-gun-tang'(滋血養筋湯), 'Ho-jam-hwan'(虎潛丸) are used for muscle dystropy. 15. The causes of myasthenia gravis are classified into 'insufficiency of middle warmer energy'(中氣不足), 'deficiency of qi and yin of spleen and kidney'(脾腎兩處), 'asthenia of qi of spleen'(脾氣虛弱), 'deficiency of qi and blood'(氣血兩虛), 'yang deficiency of spleen and kidney'(脾腎陽虛). 16. 'Bo-jung-ik-gi-tang-gagam'(補中益氣湯加減), 'Sa-gun-ja-tang-hap-gi-guk-yang-hyel-tang'(四君子湯合杞菊地黃湯), 'Sa-gun-ja-tang-hap-u-gyi-eum-gagam'(四君子湯合右歸飮加減), 'Pal-jin-tang'(八珍湯), 'U-gyi-eum'(右歸飮) are used for myasthenia gravis.