• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.307-314
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is finding the easy way of 4 categories activity level confirmation for estimated energy requirement calculation. Total of 386, 5th and 6th grade primary school students participated. The time spent on 7 kinds of activity were collected for 1 day by the internet program developed. Judged by the activity coefficient, sedentary were 6.7% and 5.1%, low active 33.2% and 40.4%, active 43.8%, and45.5%, and very active 16.3% and 9.0% for boy and girl, respectively. The highest and significant correlation coefficient between activity coefficient and time spent on activities shown were 0.339 in commute activity for boys, and 0.466 in leisure for girls. The sensitivity of the sedentary conformation by commute hour for boys was 0.79, and that of very active was 0.56. The sensitivity of the sedentary conformation by leisure hour for girls was 0.67, and that of very active was 0.63. The sensitivity of low active and active by 7 different types of activity was quite low, 0.04~0.37. The exact agreement of activity level conformed by easy way developed was 30.8% and 33.7%, for boys and girls, respectively. More accurate way to identify 4 categories activity level needs to be developed, especially sensitive to conformation of low active and active levels.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.339-351
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the processes of observation teaching and the types of observation in elementary life science class. For the purposes of this study, 40 teachers majoring in elementary science education participated in surveys on the processes of observation teaching. In addition, after videotaping the observation classes conducted by three teachers, each teaching in the 3rd to 5th grade, and their one hundred and eight students, we analyzed the processes of observation teaching. As a result, the processes of observation leaching in elementary science class were categorized into 12 stages (motivation, stating the objective, recognizing objects to observe, free and subjective observation, introducing ways to observe, observing by the simple way, introducing additional ways, observing by the manipulative way, making a note of observation, looking over the contents of observation, finding regularities, consolidation). In the types of observation, teachers and students performed mostly simple observing by the visual way. Teachers introduced time-independent/non-compared/whole observing; students concentrated on time-independent/non-compared/particular observing as targets. Thus, students carried out observing in the types of observation that teachers had presented. Consequently, the analysis about the processes of observation teaching can establish an effective teaching program for observing in scientific activities by reconstructing its observing target and suitable topic. The analysis about the types of observation can be applied to set up strategies for improving observation skills.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-53
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• 2016

Debates continue to multiply on the definition and rationale of Southeast Asia as a region and on the utility of the multidisciplinary field of area studies. However, we have now entered a post-colonialist, post-Orientalist, post-structuralist stage of reflection and re-orientation in the era of globalization, and a strong tendency on the part of insiders to pose these issues in terms of an insider-outsider dichotomy. On the one hand, the study of Southeast Asia for researchers from outside the region has become fragmented. This is for very obvious reasons: the strengthening and re-energizing of academic disciplines, the increasing popularity of other non-regional multidisciplinary studies, and the entry of globalization studies into our field of vision. On the other hand, how has the local Southeast Asian academy addressed these major issues of change in conceptualizing the region from an insider perspective? In filling in and giving substance to an outsider, primarily Euro-American-Australian-centric definition and vision of Southeast Asia, some local academics have recently been inclined to construct Southeast Asia in terms of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): a nation-state-based, institutional definition of what a region comprises. Others continue to operate at a localized level exploring small-scale communities and territories, while a modest number focus on sub-regional issues (the Malay-Indonesian world or the Mekong sub-region are examples). However, further reflections suggest that the Euro-American-Australian hegemony is a thing of the past and the ground has shifted to a much greater emphasis on academic activity within the region. Southeast Asia-based academics are also finding it much more important to network within the region and to capture, understand, and analyze what Chinese, Japanese, and Korean scholars are saying about Southeast Asia, its present circumstances and trajectories, and their increasingly close involvement with the region within a greater Asia-Pacific rim. The paper argues that the insider-outsider dichotomy requires considerable qualification. It is a neat way of dramatizing the aftermath of colonialism and Orientalism and of reasserting local priorities, agendas, and interests. But there might be a way forward in resolving at least some of these apparently opposed positions with recourse to the concepts of culture and identity in order to address Southeast Asian diversities, movements, encounters, hybridization, and hierarchies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.121-131
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• 2004

The K-shortest path algorithms are largely classified into two groups: oneis for finding loopless path (simple path), another loop paths. In terms of cimputational complexities, in general the loop-paths-finding ones are considered more efficient and easier to be handled than the loopless-paths-finding. The entire path deletion methods have been known as the best efficient algorithms among the proposed K-shortest path algorithms. These algorithms exploit the K-th network transformation to prevent the same path, which was already selected as the (K-1)th path, from being redetected. Nevertheless, these algorithms have a critical limitationto be applied in the practical traffic networks because the loops, in which the same modes and links can be unlimitedly repeated, are not preventable. This research develops a way to be able to selectively control loop-paths by applying link-label. This research takes an advantage of the link-based shortest path algorithms that since the algorithms can take care of two links simultaneouslyin the searching process, the generation of loops can be controlled in the concatenation process of the searched link and the preceded link. In concatenation of two links, since the precede link can be treated a sub-shortest to this link from the origination, whether both the node and the link of the searched link were already existed or not can be evaluated. Terefore, both the node-loopless path, in which the same node is not appeared, and the link-loopless, in which the same link is not appeared, can be separately controlled. Especially, the concept of the link-loopless path is expended to take into consideration reasonable route choice behaviors such as U-Turn, P-Turn, and Turn-Penalty, which are frequently witnessed in urban traffic network with intersections. The applicability of the proposed method is verified through case studies.

• Water for future
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.17-29
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• 1972

The persent study aims at finding out a means of prevention cool spell damages on the hilly areas. The irrigation plots of 24 hour stored water warm water way and warm water plots, cool water way are respectively established to find out water temperature and influnce on the growing rice plants. The results obtained are summed up as follows. 1. Warm water areas consisted of $5 m^2 Q=0.93 1{\ell}/sec$, V=31 cm/sec, S=1/1, 000, L=81.6m, B=5cm, h=6cm, t=4min 33sec, drops=9 areas, are constructed to help the water temperature of $14.5^{\circ}C$ rise to that of $21.6^{\circ}C$. This indicates lower temperature than $23^{\circ}C$ of critical water temperature in irrigation facilities by $1.45^{\circ}C$ and than $26.2^{\circ}C$ of balanced water temperature of Seoul arears by $4.6^{\circ}C$. But this does not give much influance on rice plant cultivation. 2. The rising of water temperature is influened according to the temperature, solar radiation but the water temperature changes according to the heat absorption of organized materials, weather and terraces. The difference of water temperature could be found in the first growing stage. 3. Through the warm water way of water rises to the temperature of $21.6^{\circ}C$ which also rises to the temperature of around $30^{\circ}C$ in the paddy field of submerged irrigation. The rice plants are comparatively free from prolonged cool damage, reproduction abstructive damage. 4. The water temperature in rice field in proportion to temperature influence of weather condition but the water temperature approaches to that of weather in the days of later growing stage and water temperature become lower than the air temperature in the fruit stage. 5. The water in the submreged field is $10^{\circ}C$ warmer than in the warm water way during the first growing stage period but the water temperature in the warm water way is warmer in the later growing stage period. The cool water of $14.5^{\circ}C$ is warmed to $30.1^{\circ}C$ and rice plants cultivation is free from other damages. 6. The 12% increased production or 570.98kg/10a is made cool water plot by rising the temperature of water from $14.5^{\circ}C$ to $21.6^{\circ}C$ making the water run through warm water way. 7. The damage inflicted by the cool water irrigation during the first growing stage period is the obstruction of peak tillering stage and the obstruction of heading the later growing stage period and the obstruction of fruiting and number of panides per fill.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.17 no.1_2_3
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• pp.1-23
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• 2005

The shortest-paths problem is a fundamental problem in graph theory and finds diverse applications in various fields. This is why shortest path algorithms have been designed more thoroughly than any other algorithm in graph theory. A large number of optimization problems are mathematically equivalent to the problem of finding shortest paths in a graph. The shortest-path between a pair of vertices is defined as the path with shortest length between the pair of vertices. The shortest path from one vertex to another often gives the best way to route a message between the vertices. This paper presents an $O(n^2)$ time sequential algorithm and an $O(n^2/p+logn)$ time parallel algorithm on EREW PRAM model for solving all pairs shortest paths problem on circular-arc graphs, where p and n represent respectively the number of processors and the number of vertices of the circular-arc graph.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.28
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• pp.133-139
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• 2001

There are many types of linguistical system generally being used in modern society and it is essential to understand the primary components comprising the linguistical system when communication by the language system. In the linguistics point of view, the sign system has been developed from the simple linguistic symbols used by our ancestors in the ancient period, those visual linguistic sign can be so symbolize and express simply the significant meaning of it that people can understand and communicate with it so fast and easily. Therefore, the purpose of this report is how the sign system can be convenient, handy, safe, comfortable, and confusion-proof to the occupants as the public media; easily understandable to the individual by the development and constitution of effectual signage system concerning guidance, direction and safeguards in thee visual linguistics point of view. Consequently, the sign system have been studied based upon the theory of visual perception considering the cognitive and sociopsychological affects of user.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.191-195
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• 2001

When top down method is used, it could be a construction method trouble in column joint, between the former concrete and the latter. It could bring a void and weak concrete in column. The purpose of this study is finding a way to prevent concrete void and concrete suitable for top down , through V-metering for top down column and concrete experiment. To minimize the void of reverse placement joint, It is more effect to use the sheath method then direct method in concrete placement.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.303-311
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• 1999

The amount of financial information in today's sophisticated large data bases is huge and makes comparisons between company performance difficult or at least very time consuming. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether neural networks in the form of self-organizing maps can be used to manage the complexity in large data bases. This paper structures and analyzes accounting numbers in a large data base over several time periods. By using self-organizing maps, we overcome the problems associated with finding the appropriate underlying distribution and the functional form of the underlying data in the structuring task that is often encountered, for example, when using cluster analysis. The method chosen also offers a way of visualizing the results. The data base in this study consists of annual reports of more than 80 Korean companies with data from the year 1998.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.167-187
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• 2005

This paper tries to follow Toni Morrison's postcolonial courses in her novels. In The Bluest Eye, Morrison examines the situation in which the white's values are the standard for the whole society through two little black girls, Pecola and Claudia. In Song of Solomon she recommends emulating Pilate's love and good attitude towards tradition to shape a positive identity for Afro-Americans, which Milkman comes to accept. In Tar Baby, Morrison suggests that Son's and Jadine's ideas, traditional and modern, should be combined. In Beloved, Morrison illustrates one of the ways in which all blacks can escape from their own trauma through Sethe's process of finding her self-worth. In Paradise Morrison shows that the real de-colonial way to overcome the effects of colonization is to create a new paradigm in which everyone is respected regardless of race. In her works, Morrison insists that by remembering and regretting slavery in America, people can overcome its aftereffects and trauma. Racial oppression still exists today, so Morrison will continue her beautiful, powerful and eye-opening work.