• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.673-678
• /
• 1997

Stress wave propagations in an elastic half space to a normal point force of ramp type in time are analyzed. The governing equations are transformed by applying the Laplace and Hankel transforms with respect to time and radial distance. The inversion of Laplace transforms are performed by employing the Cagniard-de Hoop method, where the Rayleigh waves at surface are obtained by including the residue terms. The stress waves computed at the location very cose to the surface are shown to be almost identical to the surface waves obtained by the residue method except the Rayleigh wavefront. It is found that at the surface, the stresses are dominated by the Rayleigh waves, whose amplitudes increase linearly with time when time is very large. It is also found that in the interior part, the radial stress has a logarithmic singularity at the shear wavefront, while tangential stress shows no singularity.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.79-84
• /
• 2012

After a visit by Peter Waddell from the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK in 1991, Robert H. Koch launched a program at the University of Pennsylvania to build lightweight pneumatic membrane mirrors, initially for balloon flight observations where weight is at a premium. Mirror cells were fabricated from sizes 0.18 m to 1.77 m, and experiments conducted to characterize the mirror figure and stability. Most of the work stopped after Prof. Koch's retirement in 1996 until 2006 when the authors expressed an interest in building an array of medium-aperture portable telescopes. The program restarted in earnest at Gravic, Inc. in Malvern, PA in 2008 with Koch using his extensive observational astronomy experience to guide the fabrication of a fully operational 1.07 m membrane mirror telescope with an optical tube assembly weighing under 45 Kg. Residual wavefront aberrations remediation resulted in Koch and the authors investigating membrane tensioning techniques with different cell designs, active secondary wavefront correction, photometric algorithms for aberrated images, and the use of additional lightweight mirror substrates from the Alt-Az Initiative Group, such as foamed glass. The best result for the lightweight mirrors was a point spread function spot size of several arc seconds. A lightweight 1.6 m cast aluminum cell alt-az telescope was subsequently designed by Koch and the authors for prime focus use.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.63-69
• /
• 2012

This paper presents a method to derive the theoretical requirements for the development of a 400 mm optical window that transmits dual-band wavelengths and had a stable structure. We also present design and fabrication results. Among the required specifications, the surface figure error was defined by the transmitted wavefront deformation (TWD), ${\lambda}$/15 rms at 632.8 nm. This value was derived by estimating the predicted performances with respect to five independent items that could cause system performance degradation and then calculating the required wavefront error (WFE) to satisfy the performance goals. We measured the image resolution at each performance level to trace and verify the requirements. The article also describes a design optimization process that could minimize the weight and volume of the optical window attached to the payload securing the FOV of the camera. In addition, we accurately measured the deformation that occurred in the series of fabrication steps including processing, coating, assembly, bonding and bolting, and investigated the effects by comparing them to the results of a simulation performed in advance to derive the predicted performance.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.298-303
• /
• 1994

두꺼운 Photoresist(PR)로 원기둥 모양을 만들고 이를 용융함으로써 미세렌즈 행렬을 제작하였다. 이 방법으로 직경 $25\mu\textrm{m}$, $50\mu\textrm{m}$, $100\mu\textrm{m}$의 렌즈를 만들고 전자주사현미경과 탐침형 표면측정기를 통해 그 모양을 확인하였다. 그리고 렌즈의 광학적 성능을 측정하기 위해 위상변이 간섭법을 사용하여 평행광의 렌즈 통과 후 파면을 구하였다. 여기서 기준 구면과의 파면오차를 구하여 렌즈 초점거리나 초점광도분포 등을 얻었다. 그 결과 직경 $100\mu\textrm{m}$, 초점거리 $164\mu\textrm{m}$의 미세렌즈는 초점의 spot 직경이 $25\mu\textrm{m}$보다 작은 것으로 측정되었다.

• 한국전자파학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전자파학회 2003년도 종합학술발표회 논문집 Vol.13 No.1
• /
• pp.536-540
• /
• 2003

A new concept of adaptive focusing, using a Rotman lens, is presented in this paper. A Rotman lens is a microwave lens which is able to focus microwave power on its focal arc or generate multiple beams. By adding the array of phase shifters between a Rotman lens and antenna elements, the wavefront can be adaptively modulated to focus objects distributed in short range rather than far-field zone. From the optical point of view, the propagations of the lens have been simplified from the Fresnel diffraction integral to the Fourier transform. Using Fourier Transform, a beam propagation method has been developed to show improvement of the resolution by controlling wavefront of wave propagating from an aperture-type antenna array. The beam width(or spot size) and intensity have been calculated for a focused beam propagating from an array having $10{\lambda}$ of its size. For the beam with $20{\lambda},\;30{\lambda}$, and $50{\lambda}$ of geometrical focal length, the half-power beamwidth (spot size) is about $1.1{\lambda},\;1.3{\lambda}$, and $1.9{\lambda}$, respectively.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.110-119
• /
• 2005

In this paper, a new detection algorithm was proposed for finding the position of lenslet array spot pattern used to acquire laser wavefront. Based on the analysis of the required signal processing characteristics, we categorized into and designed four main signal processing functions. The proposed was designed in order to have robust feature against a variation of geometrical form of the spot and also implemented to have semi-automatic thresholding capability based on CCD noise analysis. For performance evaluation, we made qualitative and quantitative comparisons with Carvalho's algorithm which has been published in recent. In the given experimental spot images, the proposed could detect the spots which has 1/3 times lower than the least S/N of which Carvalho's can detect and could reach to a detection precision of 0.1 pixel at the S/N. In functional aspect, the proposed could separate all valid spots locally. From these results, the proposed could have a superior precision of location detection of spot pattern in wider S/N range.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.50-59
• /
• 2010

In this paper, two kind of free-form progressive addition lenses (PALs) were designed with Zernike polynomial surface and anatomically accurate finite presbyopic schematic eyes which have aspheric cornea, aspheric GRIN crystalline lens, aspheric retina, and Gaussian apodization factor. Geometrical and diffraction MTFs were used for the optimization process in sequence. 5th orders of Zernike polynomials were used for the evaluation of progression zones of the two examples. The target MTF was set as 0.22 at 100 lp/mm which satisfies the standard visual resolution. These examples were fabricated with a CNC diamond turning machine controlled by slow tool servo (STS). After polishing process, the wavefront aberrations were measured with a laser interferometer on the ten test points across the progression zones and then compared with three current commercially available PALs on the optical performance. Astigmatic aberrations of the examples are very lower than the three selected PALs and have more increased stabilized progressive intermediate zones and near zones. It is expected to give better clear and comfortable distance, intermediate and near visions than other conventional PALs and to improve the adaptability of presbyopic patients to PALs.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 특별세미나,특별/일반세션
• /
• pp.483-488
• /
• 2009

When a train enters into the tunnel with high speed, a compression wave generated inside the tunnel has been studied as a one-dimensional phenomenon. However, one-dimensional approach can't analyze 3-dimensional flow effect in the vicinity of the train body. In this research, so as to overcome this weak point, a prediction method of the wavefront of a compression wave using steady state solution has been used for the parametric study considering 3-dimensional effects of the interactions between trains and tunnels. The effective hood shapes were deduced in both cases of the train's entry into the tunnel on the single track and on a side of the double track. As a result, in case of the train's entry on a side of the double track, the increase of compression wave value propagated to the tunnel inside have appeared compared with the train's entry on the single track. Also, a horizontally convex elliptic hood shape is more effective at the train's entry on a side of the double track for the purpose of a decrease of wavefront gradient of a compression wave.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.525-532
• /
• 2013

Contrary to the academic interests of other existing studies elsewhere, this study deals with how the alignment algorithms such as sensitivity or Differential Wavefront Sampling (DWS) can be better used under effects from field, compensator positioning and environmental errors unavoidable from the shop-floor alignment work. First, the influences of aforementioned errors to the alignment state estimation was investigated with the algorithms. The environmental error was then found to be the dominant factor influencing the alignment state prediction accuracy. Having understood such relationship between the distorted system wavefront caused by the error sources and the alignment state prediction, we used it for simulated and experimental alignment runs for Infrared Optical System (IROS). The difference between trial alignment runs and experiment was quite close, independent of alignment methods; 6 nm rms for sensitivity method and 13 nm rms for DWS. This demonstrates the practical usefulness and importance of the prior error analysis using the alignment algorithms before the actual alignment runs begin. The error analysis methodology, its application to the actual alignment of IROS and their results are described together with their implications.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.295-303
• /
• 2020

NA 0.25, 10×이고, 파장 405 nm에서 파장변화에 대하여 안정한 Lister 대물렌즈를 설계하였다. 이 연구에서는 2매 접합렌즈에서 주어진 축상두께를 가지면서 파장변화에 대한 안정화 조건을 만족시키는 해를 찾는 방법에 대하여 연구하였으며, 이를 통하여 보다 쉽게 사용목적에 유용한 설계를 얻을 수 있다. 초기설계에서는 각각 독립적으로 안정화된 2개의 접합렌즈가 사용되었으며, 최적화에서는 전체 광학계에서 안정화 조건이 유지되도록 하였다. 최종설계에서는 기대한 바와 같이 파장 405 nm에서 파장에 따른 EFL, BFL, RMS wavefront error가 매우 적음을 확인할 수 있었다.