• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.553-562
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• 2010

This survey investigates the conditions of summer working uniforms for contracted foodservice workers. The data were obtained from 67 workers through in-depth interviews (July 2005~October 2005). The results of study are as follows: The working environment changed to menu and cooking method (air temperature $28\sim37^{\circ}C$, humidity 72~86 %RH, radiant temperature $27\sim37^{\circ}C$, air velocity 0.14~0.37m/sec). They answered that the working environment has high temperatures, humidity, excessive noise, and liability to slide. The typical accidents were burns, cuts, slide, and ligament injuries in the workplace. Work duties consisted of cooking, serving food, washing, and cleaning up leftover food. All the employees carried out multi tasks. The primary working postures and motions were standing, crouching, and lifting. The female workers usually wore underwear (panty and brassiere), upper and lower work wear, aprons, waterproof-aprons, cotton-gloves, rubber-gloves, socks, and rubber-boots. The satisfaction of the uniform was relatively low for trousers and waterproof-aprons. The answer about the fit was generally "comfortable." They answered "back," "chest," and "head" were wet with perspiration during work. The uncomfortable parts were the crotch and neck. Questions concerning their satisfaction with the material of uniforms indicated a high rate of dissatisfaction, particularly for ventilation and absorbency. In case of the colors of the working uniform, workers preferred white color for the upper part, and black color for the lower part.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 2015

In this study, we try to suggest measures to reduce leakage at a joint between CPVC piping for a sprinkler system and a pipe expansion through reviews of domestic and foreign standards and related tests. The quality of the waterproof rubber packing material between a valve socket and pipe expansion nut was examined. In the leak test, the valve socket material over the expansion part of the metal pipe nut was found to use a metal part or a schlorinated polyvinyl chloride pipe nut part. In addition, the KS B 0221 standard for parallel pipe threads with threaded and thread inspection criteria and inspection standards in order to ensure an acceptable quality of valve socket, there is a need to amend the regulations to comply with the KS B 5223 (screw thread limit gauges parallel pipe threads). We do not have detailed standards for expansion piping nuts for waterproof rubber ring material, so we need to amend the relevant criteria for EPDM material to be used with excellent waterproofing, for which both NBR and EPDM are currently used.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2013

In this study, tests were conducted to establish a fire engine of relay waterproof and utilization in order to maintain the pressure in a situation that require high-pressure water-resistant such as a high-rise building fire, etc. As a result of test on the change of a relay waterproof pressure, the measurement result with the hydrant intake of a fire engine opened has reduced approximately 20 % compared to the measurement result with the hydrant intake closed. Similar efficiency showed in the test result that change the pressure of 2 fire engines respectively to use them more efficiently at a fire fighting activity site. A fire engine operation and utilization is proposed based on this study result in order to cope effectively with a fire site requiring high-pressure stream in a high-rise building fire, etc. by using a fire engine held at present because there is no fire pump with high-pressure stream ability arranged at the fire station and there is no regulation on high-pressure fire-fighting pumps in a type approval and verification technology criterion for a fire engine.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2005

This study was performed to find a new use of wood tar from the manufacturing process of wood charcoal. Plywoods made of phenol adhesives mixed with wood tar were manufactured, and physical, mechanical properties and formaldehyde emission were investigated. Plywoods made of phenol adhesives mixed with wood tar were almost same as an original phenol adhesive in physical and mechanical properties and tensile-shear adhesive strength of the plywood was higher than the original one in both non-waterproof and waterproof tests. Formaldehyde emission was lower as the amount of wood tar increased in phenol adhesive.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2005

The outcome of modem sports events are reliant on not only the athletic ability and technology of individual players but their sportswear proterties. State-of-the-Hitech sportswear has started to be introduced in the 1950s, and in addition to the athletic capability of players, sportswear is one of the primary factors to affect the results of sports games, as a wide variety of Hi-Tech functional materials have come out since the 1990s. The purpose of this study was to development into the concept of active sportswear, to sort out hitech functional product lines in this field, to look into sports stars and Hi-Tech functional sports brands, and finally to identify the major characteristics of recent active sportswear. The result of this study were as follows: 1. There were largely four characteristics in recent functional sportswear materials: fast-drying cooling, minimized resistance, ultralight comfortableness, and water vapor permeable/waterproof function. 2. Besides the athletic capability and technology of players, Hi-Tech functional products are one of the major factors to determine the outcome of modem sports events. Functional synthetic fiber is preferred, instead of cotton, since the former is easier to manage and retains humidity better. 3. The major features of recent trend in active sportswear products are, functional, diversity and value. That is, those products are functional, since they are easy to manage and retain proper humidity, and they are for multipurpose, since they are fashionable and practical at the same time. And they are valuable, being expensive but appropriate for the movement of the body and having a high quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.7
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• pp.1-16
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristic of a functional design for a commercial outdoor brand jacket based on 3 types of functions : windproof, waterproof, and cold proof. To analyze the design and fabric characteristics of outdoor jackets by function, 903 men's and women's outdoor jacket images were selected from the catalogues during S/S 2009 - F/W 2011 of the 6 brands: The North Face, Columbia Sports Wear, Kolon Sports, K2, Arcteryx and Mont-Bell. These brands were selected based on their high market share and brand awareness of the outdoor brands in Korea. In this study, design elements analysis was conducted as following 8 elements: hood/collar height/central front flap/waistline/pocket location/ventilation for the body part/sleeve patterns/cuff for the sleeve part. Fabrics were analyzed by the frequency of fabric types used in the 3 jacket types. According to the result derived from the analysis of the six brands of outdoor wear jacket design trends by year, detachable hood and a co-use of velcro and elastic bands have been mainly designed for all of windproof, waterproof, and cold proof jacket to all in order to respond quickly to changes in the external environment. For reinforced storage function on trekking, the number of pockets has been gradually growing, and a function was being developed to connect an electronic device to a pocket. The method, result, and collateral observations relevant to each of these phases are described. Outdoor jacket design characteristics were investigated for outdoor brands, which can provide data to suggest more accurate functional design, and satisfy functional design needs. In this regard, this research was significant in the sense that it suggested preliminary data to reconsider competitiveness of the brand products.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.399-411
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• 2016

This research reviewed the developmental process of domestic outdoor wear and later analyzed the images given out by men's outdoor wear. The research results are as follows. First, military supplies left by American soldiers were dyed or reformed and then worn, and daily wear were mainly worn in the 1960s. Wears made from light and waterproof materials were worn and equipments were used in the 1970s. High functioning materials which allowed simultaneous breathability, waterproof and thermal insulation functions were used for wears in the 1980s. For the jacket especially, functionality was enhanced sith zippers, snaps and velcro to prevent cold air penetration in the 1990s. Florescent piping decorations and logo decorations, and prints and colors which reflected the trend, were used to emphasize fashionity and decorativeness in the 2000s. Second, Sophisticated image emphasized urban feeling with toned-down windbreaker jackets without much detail, with down jacket and pants. Casual image expressed a relaxed feeling with windbreaker jacket, shirts, jumper, vest and pants made of cotton, mesh knit and denim. Active image emphasized functionality by brightly colored windbreaker jackets, down jacket and pants. Ethnic image expressed an exotic mood with windbreaker jackets with stylized prints, with jumper, down jacket and pants. Military image showed a strong masculine feeling with jackets adorned with epaulettes, khaki colors and camouflage prints, with jumper, T-shirts, vest, shorts and pants. Avantgarde image exuded an experimental and unique feeling with jackets made of various colors and materials, such as cotton, jersey and glossy materials, with down jacket and jersey pants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1792-1801
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• 2008

This study was to develope the pesticide-proof clothes(PPC) for fruit-grower which has been well known over applied agricultural chemicals. The ergonomic evaluation of PPC were tested in two ways. Male adults volunteered the tests to evaluate the safety to pesticide in the field and the thermal comforts in the climate-chamber($30^{\circ}C$, 60%R.H.). PPC were made of 4 different fabrics. Two of them were on the market(coated non-woven and coated nylon). Others were water-repellent treatment and coated waterproof film by developed polyester. The field study was conducted for farmers growing apples to evaluate pesticide exposure. In this experiment, we collected data with patch test on the head, chest, back, right upperarm, right forearm, left thigh and left calf. From the results, the developed PPC showed the more excellent comfort than an existing PPC with nylon coated polyurethane. But the developed PPC of water-repellent fabric was penetrated into the PPC. Therefore, we designed the functional pesticide-proof clothes of 2 different developed polyester fabrics(water-repellent treatment in chest, abdomen, the lower of back, waist, and calf; coated waterproof film in head, shoulder, the upper of back, the crotch, hip, upper arm and thigh).

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.648-657
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• 2014

This paper is about the study on a newly developed small waterproofed 4-axis robot arm and the analysis of its kinematics and dynamics. The structure of robot arm is designed to have Pitch-Pitch-Pitch-Yaw joint motion for inspection using a camera on itself and the joint actuator driving capacity are selected and the joint actuators are designed and test for 10m waterproofness. The closed-form solution for the robot arm is derived through the forward and inverse kinematics analysis. Also, the dynamics model equation including the damping force due to the mechanical seal for waterproofness is derived using Newton-Euler method. Using derived dynamics equation, a sliding mode controller is designed to track the desired path of the developed robot arm, and its performance is verified through a simulation.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2013

On this study, engineering properties of SGR method and SMI method, which are typical sodium silicate methods, were compared through the laboratory test and durability, strength, waterproof characteristic and environmental effects were compared and analyzed with period and condition of curing on each case. As a result of durability test, volume change of SGR is approximately 23-times greater than SMI and the effects on environment are appeared safe on all method. In case of waterproof characteristic test, permeability coefficient is decreased about 24% on SMI, whereas on SGR permeability coefficient is showed to increase because rapid volume change make wider void. Strength characteristics of SMI are appeared higher about 11-times in case of homogel and 3.9-times in case of sandgel than SGR. Which is because volume change of SMI, caused by leaching, is smaller than SGR.