• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.345-349
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• 2002

The adsorption of the antimicrobial compounds(AMCs) and their heat-resistance were investigated for the packaging film manufacture, wherein, the antimicrobial compounds were adsorbed on a silica component. The naturally source antimicrobial compounds were produced by methylotropic actinomycetes strains MO-16 and MO-17, extracted with ethylacetate. Antimicrobial compounds adsorbed on water-soluble silica had retained activity against Gram(+) and the Gram(-) bacteria after heat treatment at 150$\^{C}$ for 5min. The benzoic acid showed strong antimicrobial activity to fungi and was stable to heat treatment. The combination of antimicrobial compound plus benzoic acid was synergistic against test strains. Therefore, we estimated that the water-soluble silica is suitable for the packaging film manufacture as a adsorbent of the antimicrobial compounds.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.893-896
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• 1999

Novel citric acid based Ti, Nb and Ta precursors that are highly stable in the presence of water were developed. No alkoxides of Ti, Nb and Ta were utilized in the preparation, instead much less moisture-sensitive metallic Ti, NbCl5 and TaCl5 were chosen as starting chemicals for Ti, Nb and Ta, respectively. The feasibility of these chemicals as precursors is demonstrated in the powder synthesis of BaTi4O9, Y3NbO7 and LiTaO3. The water-resistant Ti precursor was employed as a new source of water-soluble Ti in the amorphous citrate method, and phase pure BaTi4O9 in powdered form was successfully synthesized at 800 ？. The Pechini-type polymerizable complex method using the water-resistant Nb and Ta precursors was applied to the synthesis of Y3NbO7 and LiTaO3, and both the powder materials in their pure form were successfully synthesized at reduced tempera-tures, viz. 500-700 ？. The remarkable retardation of hydrolysis of these water-resistant precursors is explained in terms of the partial charge model theory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.275-280
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• 1998

The possibility of utilizing Porphyra yezoensis, Undaria pinnatifida and Laminaria religionsa into algae-tea having biological functionality was investigated by analysis of functional component, experimentation for low viscosity and various pretreatments. In water soluble fraction of powdered algae extracted for 3 minutes with 30 times of hot wate, major functinal components were composed of 1.53% porphyran and 170.04mg% taurine in P. yezoensis, 1.09% fucoidan and 1.18% sodium sodium alginate in U. pinnatifida, and 1.28% fucoidan, 1.99% soidum laginate and 371.25mg% iodine in L.religiosa, on dry basis. For lowering viscosity and masking off-flavor in each water soluble fraction, it was desirable that P. yezoensis was washed for 12 hours in sea water and 30 mimutes in fresh water, dried at 3 to 5$^{\circ}C$, powdered to size of 30 mesh nd then roasted for 3 minutes at 12$0^{\circ}C$, and that both U. pinnatifida and L. religiosa were washed, semidried to 40~50% moisture content, heated for 40 minutes at 12$0^{\circ}C$ by autoclave, dried, powdered to size of 30 mesh and then roasted for 5 minutes at 11$0^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.91-96
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• 2003

This study was intended as an investigation of characteristics of background site atmospheric respirable particulate matters(RPM), and fine particles(<2.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). The particle size distributions during the phenomenon of Yellow Sand(YS) occurs from April, 2001. Atmospheric aerosol particulate matter was directly collected on the Jeju island between 1 to 30, April, 2001 using an eight-stage cascade impacter(particle size range: 0.43-11 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$), and cyclone separator(cut size: 2.5, 10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$). The episode of YS observed in background monitoring site, Kosan and appeared 2 times at sampling period. The mass concentrations of fine and coarse particles for YS episode were 34.2 and 59.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥, respectively, which were significantly increased amounts compared to 13.3 and 13.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ for NonYS(NYS). Most size distributions had two peaks, one at 0.43∼.65 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and the other at 3.3${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$4.7 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. The result of analysis of water-soluble ion component indicated that sulfate was mainly ion component, but nitrate and calcium ion was significantly increased at the YS episode.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the antitoxic component in methanol fraction of Lonicerae fios. The results were as follows: 1. When a 500 ppm of water soluble fraction of Lonicerae flos was administered, it showed the highest antitoxic effect. 2. Generally, detoxication effects by methanol fraction of Lonicerae fios increased. When the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of Lonicerae rios was administered, it exhibited the highest antitoxic effect against the toxicity of cadmium in Liver. 3. The combined administration of cadmium and methanol fraction of Lonicerae rios significantly increased metallothionein in liver compared to administration of cadmium only. This phenomenon was more remarkable when the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of Lonicerae fios was administered with cadmium chloride.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.374-378
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• 2007

Water-soluble terpolymer of acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, and acrylic acid was prepared by redox initiators in aqueous medium. One component photoresist was synthesized by reaction of terpolymer with 4-azidoaniline. By blending the aqueous acrylamide/diacetone acrylamide copolymer solution with bisazide, 4,4'-diazidostilbene -2,2'-disulfuric acid sodium salt, two component photoresist was prepared. The photosensitivity per azido group unit mole of one component photoresist was 4 times higher than that of two component photoresist. The dot-type pattern was successfully achieved with one component photoresist at low exposure energy, which is prospective to be used as black matrix negative photoresist.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.13 no.2_3
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• pp.71-75
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• 1969

Chemical changes in components of ginseng roots by heat treatment were observed. We have let the roots of fresh ginseng, of steamed ginseng and the water soluble parts obtained from preparing steamed one be subject to our research. Acids, bases, neutral substances and genins from each one of the above came up to 12 fractions. Having the fractions through column chromatography and TLC test thereafter, we determined the Rf values of each spots presented. Among so many similar values of them, 15 spots of heterogenous component in the fresh ginseng and 6 spots in the steamed one, and 10 spots in that of water soluble parts wre detected. Considering this data obtained, we can assume that partialor all of some components of fresh ginseng might be passed into water parts while preparing steamed ginseng from fresh ones and also some components of the later (fresh ginseng) might have been converted into other substances while being heated.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2014

Temporal variations of optical properties of urban aerosol in Seoul were estimated by the Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds (OPAC) model, based on hourly aerosol sampling data in Seoul during the year of 2010. These optical properties were then used to calculate direct radiative forcing during the study period. The optical properties and direct radiative forcing of aerosol were calculated separately for four chemical components such as water-soluble, insoluble, black carbon (BC), and sea-salt aerosols. Overall, the coefficients of absorption, scattering, and extinction, as well as aerosol optical depth (AOD) for water-soluble component predominated over three other aerosol components, except for the absorption coefficient of BC. In the urban environment (Seoul), the contribution of AOD (0.10~0.12) for the sum of OC and BC to total AODs ranged from 23% (spring) to 31% (winter). The diurnal variation of AOD for each component was high in the morning and low in the late afternoon during the most of seasons, but the high AODs at 14:00 and 15:00 LST in summer and fall, respectively. The direct negative radiative forcing of most chemical components (especially, $NO_3{^-}$ of water-soluble) was highest in January and lowest in September. Conversely, the positive radiative forcing of BC was highest in November and lowest in August due to the distribution pattern of BC concentration.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.447-456
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• 2017

Chemical properties of aerosols were investigated by analyzing the inorganic water-soluble content in $PM_{2.5}$ collected in the downtown area of Jeju City in Jeju Island. Due to an increase in both the number of visiting tourists and the size of local population, the number of cars in this area is increasing, causing an increase in $PM_{2.5}$. Eight $PM_{2.5}$-bound major inorganic ions were analyzed during the summer and winter periods. The water-soluble inorganic component represents a significant fraction of $PM_{2.5}$. In particular, secondary inorganic aerosols contribute 36.2% and 47.5% of $PM_{2.5}$ mass in summer and winter, respectively. Nitrate concentrations increase for $[NH_4{^+}]/[SO_4{^{2-}}]$>1.5, and excess ammonium, which is necessary for ammonium nitrate formation, is linearly correlated with nitrate. These results are clearly observed during the winter because conditions are more conducive to the formation of ammonium nitrate. A significant negative correlation between Nitrogen Oxidation Ratio (NOR) and temperature was observed. The obtained results can be useful for a better understanding of the aerosol dynamics in the downtown area in Jeju City.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2014

In recent times, the demand for edible medication for the treatment of hyperpigmentation has increased significantly. Therefore, the discovery of a stable, safe and inexpansive antimelanogenic component from natural substances, such as grains, is of particular interest. The levels and activities of some metabolites and/or enzymes can be increased. In the present study, we investigated the antimelanogenic effects of water-soluble extracts from barley (BE), malt (ME) and germinated barley (GBE) in melan-a cells. The inhibitory effects of ME and GBE on melanin production were significantly greater than that of BE. Interestingly, the content of ferulic acid, the proposed active component of barley, was also higher in ME and GBE than in BE by HPLC analysis. Western blot analysis of the expression of melanogenic enzymes in melan-a cells treated with BE, ME or GBE indicated the expression of both tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2) significantly decreased after treatment with BE, ME or GBE. These results suggest that besides BE, ME and GBE also inhibit melanin production most likely through suppression of tyrosinase and TRP-2 expression. ME and GBE were more efficacious at inhibiting melanin production than BE was and may also represent potential skin-whitening agents.