• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.501-510
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• 1999

북한강 수계의 농업소유역에 대하여 하천수(2년)와 지하수(1년) 수질을 모니터링하여 분석하였다. 농업소유역의 주요한 비점원 오염물질인 총질소, 질산성 질소, 총인, BOD, TSS 및 대장균 농도를 주기적으로 측정하였다. 계절에 따른 수질의 변화 및 지하수와 하천수 수질과의 관계 비교를 통하여 토지이용이 수질에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구유역의 지하수 수위와 총질소, 질산성 질소의 농도의 벼농사와 밀접한 관련이 있었고 지하수와 하천수의 질소농도의 변화도 밀접한 관련이 있음이 나타나 벼농사가 하천의 질소농도에 많은영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 토지이용(벼농사)과 지하수 및 하천수의 총인, BOD, 대장균 농도 사이에는 일정한 관계를 발견할 수 없었다. 본 연구결과는 농업소유역의 수질변화를 이해하고 소하천의 수질관리정책을 개발하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.504-512
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• 2006

In order to estimate microbial contaminant discharge from diffuse sources, rainfall runoff was monitored at forestry, agriculture and urban watersheds. Total coliform and E. coli were monitored at the study watersheds as they are regulated by the environmental laws. Concentration and EMC (Event Mean Concentration) of coliform of rainfall runoff at the urban watershed were the highest followed by those from agricultural and forestry watersheds. By monitoring coliform concentrations of overlying water and sediment at five monitoring points in the downstream of the Geum River, average concentration from spring to summer was higher than those values from fall to spring. Coliform concentrations in the pore water were higher compared to those of overlying water and closely related with flow rate of the river.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 USN환경에서 수질 모니터링 시스템을 설계함에 있어 센서 데이터를 효율적인 방법으로 전송하기 위한 다양한 시도를 소개한다. 대표적인 방법은 센서노드에서의 센서 매니지먼트와 싱크노드에서의 클러스터링이다. 센서 매니지먼트는 센싱 간격, 데이터 누적, 데이터 전송 등을 총괄적으로 관리하고, 클러스터링은 데이터 마이닝 기술을 접목한 효율적인 전송 데이터의 축약방법이다. 실험을 통해서 제안한 센서 매니지먼트와 클러스터링을 이용한 전송방법이 일반적인 센서 데이터 전송방법에 비해 얼마나 더 효과적인지를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2011

Korea Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network is a database of annual groundwater quality survey results to prevent groundwater pollution. We estimated contamination index (CI) values for each type of land use, and analyzed temporal trends of pollutant concentration data in the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network from 2001 to 2009. Among the pollutants considered in the database, the concentrations of nitrate and chloride were higher than their standards. In the case of nitrate, recreation parks, golf courses and general waste dumping regions showed increasing trends according to linear regression analysis, whereas industrial complexes and residential regions of urgan and recreation parks showed increasing trends in the chloride concentration data. According to multiple variable linear regression analysis, EC, pH and topography were major factors influencing CI values. These results suggest that groundwater with a high CI value and increasing trend is vulnerable for potential contamination, which requires more careful groundwater pollution control.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2017년도 춘계공동학술대회
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• pp.122-122
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• 2017

Recently, environmental problems have become an area of growing interests. In-situ monitoring of water quality is fundamental to most environmental applications. The accurate measurement of nitrate concentrations is fundamental to understanding biogeochemistry in aquatic ecosystems. Several studies have reported that one of the most feasible methods to measure nitrate concentration is the use of Ion Selective-electrodes (ISEs). The ISE application to water monitoring has several advantages, such as direct measurement methodology, high sensitivity, wide measurement range, low cost, and portability. However, the ISE methods may yield inconsistent results where there was a difference in temperature between the calibration and measurement solutions, which is associated with the temperature dependence of ionic activity coefficients in solution. In this study, to investigate the potential of using the combination of a temperature sensor and nitrate ISEs for minimizing the effect of temperature on real-time nitrate sensing in natural water, a prototype of on-site water monitoring system was built, mainly consisting of a sensor chamber, an array of 3 ISEs, an waterproof temperature sensor, an automatic sampling system, and an arduino MCU board. The analog signals of ISEs were obtained using the second-order Sallen-key filter for performing voltage following, differential amplification, and low pass filtering. The performance test of the developed water nitrate sensing system was conducted in a monitoring station of drinking water located in Jeongseon, Kangwon. A temperature compensation method based on two-point normalization was proposed, which incorporated the determination of temperature coefficient values using regression equations relating solution temperature and electrode signal determined in our previous studies.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.557-564
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• 1999

지하수 수질 감시를 위한 관측망의 설치는 지하수자원의 보호를 위해 매우 중요하다. 그러나 현재 지하수 수질 관측망의 설계는 합리적인 방법보다는 현장전문가의 경험과 직관에 의존하는 경우가 많다. 본 논문에서는 3차원 수질모의와 최적화를 이용하는 지하수질 관측망의 설계방법론을 제안하였다. 설계과정은 다음의 세 가지 경우로 정형화되었다. (Ⅰ) 평균농도를 감시하는 위치를 선정하되 관측정의 수기 제한되는 경우, (2) 최대농도를 감시하는 위치를 선정하되 관측정의 수가 제한되는 경우, (3) 평균농도를 감시하는 위치를 선정하되 예산상 제약이 있는 경우. 이와 같은 설계문제를 매립장 현장에 적용하고 0-1 정수계획법으로 해결하였다. 관측망의 설치목적, 운영기간, 제약조건 등에 따라 관측망의 구성이 다르게 결정됨을 보이고 그 의미를 해석하였다.

• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• 제10권
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• pp.47-58
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• 1999

Protection of groundwater resources from contamination has been of increasing concern throughout the past decades. In practice, however, groundwater monitoring is performed based on the experience and intuition of experts or on the convenience. In dealing with groundwater contamination, we need to know what contaminants have the potential to threat the water quality and the distribution and concentration of the plumes. Monitoring of the subsurface environment through remote geophysical techniques or direct sampling from wells can provide such information. Once known, the plume can be properly menaged. Evaluation of existing methodologies for groundwater monitoring network design revealed that one should select an appropriate design method based on the purpose of the network and the avaliability of field information. Integer programming approach, one of the general purpose network design tools, and a cost-to-go function evaluation approach for special purpose network design were tested for field applicability. For the same contaminated aquifer, two approaches resulted in different well locations. The amount of information, however, was about the same.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 합동 추계학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.457-460
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• 2002

This paper is study on internet based remote control and monitoring for the system to purify water. environment of the water quality grew worse. therefore we require the effective system to purify water now national internet based remote control and monitoring make a sensation and are a problem to be solved. This paper demonstrate internet based remote control and monitoring for the system to purify water. This system including on server and many client distributed in whole country. The server is collecting information from the client. this information is then written inside Database. The Database is dealing with Website and Server and Client.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2115-2117
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• 2003

This paper is study on internet based wireless remote control and monitoring for the system to purify water. Environment of the water quality grew worse. Therefore we require the effective system to purify water. Now national internet based wireless remote control and monitoring make a sensation and are a problem to be solved. This paper demonstrate internet based wireless remote control and monitoring for the system to purify water. This system including on server and many client distributed in whole country. The server is collecting information from the client. This information is then written inside database. The database is dealing with website and server and client.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.863-871
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• 2007

Spectroscopic characteristics of river water from four major watersheds in the Ulsan area were measured to examine their potential for estimating water quality parameters. The total 176 river samples were collected from 44 sites of small streams within the watersheds during the year 2006. Spectroscopic characteristics investigated included protein-like fluorescence (FLF) intensity, fulvic-like fluorescence (FLF) intensity, terrestrial humic-like fluorescence (TLF) intensity, UV absorbance at 254 nm, and UV absorbance difference at 220 nm and 254 nm. Protein-like fluorescence intensity showed linear relationships with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorous (TP) concentrations of the samples with the correlation of 0.784, 0.779, and 0.733, respectively. Due to the UV absorption characteristics of nitrate at 220 nm, UV absorbance difference at 220 nm and 254 nm was selected to represent total nitrogen (TN) concentration. Exclusion of some samples with PLF intensity higher than 5.0 improved the correlation between the UV absorbance difference and TN as demonstrated by the increase of the correlation coefficient from 0.392 to 0.784. Instead, for the samples with PLF intensity lower than 5.0, the highest correlation of TN was achieved with UV absorbance at 254 nm. The results suggest that PLF intensity could be used as the estimation index for BOD, COD, and TP concentration of river water, and as the primary screening index for the prediction of TN using UV absorbance difference. Some BOD-based water quality levels among the river water were statistically discriminated by the PLF intensity. Low p-values were obtained from the t-tests on the samples with the first level and the second level (p=0.0003) and the samples with the second and the third levels (p=0.0413). Our combined results demonstrated that the selected spectroscopic characteristics of river water could be utilized as a tool for on-site real-time monitoring and/or the primary estimation of water quality.