• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 1994

A computer code DRL was developed to calculate the derived release limits at CANDU type nuclear power plants. The derived release limits resulting from DRL code is to set guidelines for the release of radionuclides in airborne and water-borne effuents during normal operations of a CANDU type nuclear power plant. The DRL code generally follows the methodology Prescribed in the CSA standard N288.1-M87 and uses the Parameter values recommended in the same standards. The DRL code was used to calculate a set of preliminary derived release limits for the Wolsong NPP.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.53-56
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• 2006

KOMPSAT (KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite)-5 for the earth observation and scientific research is scheduled to launch in 2009. The second payload, AOPOD (Atmosphere Occultation and Precision Orbit Determination) system, consists of a space-borne dual frequency GPS receiver and a laser retro reflector. GPS radio occultations from AOPOD system can be used to generate profiles of refractivity, temperature, pressure and water vapor in the neutral atmosphere with a high vertical resolution. Also the radio occultation in the ionosphere provides an inexpensive tool of vertical electron density profile. Currently, many LEO missions with GPS radio occultation receivers are on orbit and more GPS occultation missions are planed to launch in the near future. In this paper, we simulated radio occultation measurements from KOMPSAT-5 and retrieved atmospheric profiles using the simulated data.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Using three Austrian case studies, the variegated applications of molecular typing in today's public health laboratories are discussed to help illustrate preventive management strategies relying on DNA subtyping. DNA macrorestriction analysis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis has become the gold standard for subtyping of food borne pathogens like listeria, salmonella, campylobacter and Bacillus cereus. Using a Salmonella Mbandaka outbreak from the year 2010 as example, it is shown how the comparison of patterns from human isolates, food isolates, animal isolates and feed isolates can allow to identify and confirm a source of disease. An epidemiological connection between the simultaneous occurrence of tuberculosis in cattle and deer with cases of human tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium caprae in 2010 was excluded using mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units variable-number tandem repeats subtyping. Also in 2010, multilocus sequence typing with nonselective housekeeping genes, the so-called sequence based typing protocol, was used to elucidate connections between an environmental source (a hospital drinking water system) and a case of legionellosis. During the last decades, molecular typing has evolved to become a routine tool in the daily work of public health laboratories. The challenge is now no longer to simply type microorganisms, but to type them in a way that allows for data exchange between public health laboratories all over the world.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.850-856
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• 2008

White, red, and extruded ginsengs were studied against 8 strains of food-borne pathogens and/or food spoilage microorganisms. The ginseng powders were extracted with different extractants and screened for antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion and broth dilution techniques. The results showed that the yield of extraction was higher with increase of aqueous solution content and temperature. Preliminary screening revealed that the red ginseng extracts were most active, that has been found to be highly effective against all tested microbe except Listeria monocytogenes. Moreover, Bacillus subtilis has shown highly susceptible, which the diameters of inhibition zone values of 28 extracts were between 7 and 14 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) recorded for the different crude ginseng extracts against microorganism using ranged from 6.25 to 100 mg/mL, indicated that the methanol extract of ginseng were more effective than ethanol and water extracts. The 60% methanol extract of red ginseng had the greatest effects against B. subtilis with MIC and MBC values at 6.25 mg/mL.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.42.1-42.6
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• 2023

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of the most important emerging transboundary diseases. Recently, LSD has emerged in many countries in the northern hemisphere. The LSD virus has a huge genome and is highly resistant to environmental conditions. The virus is also host-specific and large ruminants, such as cattle and domestic water buffalo, are particularly susceptible. In addition, wild ruminants can serve as potential reservoirs for spreading the LSD virus. The emergence might be related to climate change in various regions because LSD is an arthropod-borne infectious disease. This disease causes enormous economic losses, such as leather damage, decreased milk production, abortion, and death in infected ruminants. The economic importance of LSD in the bovine industry has forced countries to develop and implement control strategies against the disease. With the recent global spread and the economic impact, LSD will be discussed intensively. In addition, effective preventive measures are suggested based on the presence or absence of LSD outbreaks.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2009

This study was carried out to determine the causal agents of soil-borne fungal diseases that pose a threat to the muskmelon production in Cheong Yang, Korea and to investigate the potential effects of hot water drenching and three fumigant (metam sodium, dazomet and methyl bromide) on these diseases. As the agents of the diseases, Monosporascus cannonballus, Didymella sp., Fusarium sp., Phytophthora sp., were detected. Hot water and the fumigants were treated on two successive cropping seasons of melon. Soil temperature was measured at 0, 10, 20 and 30 cm soil depth. In 2005, soil sterilization by hot-water was more effective significantly to control of the diseases than by fumigant. yield was the highest in hot-water sterilized plot as $39\;ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$. Dazomet ($50\;g/m^2$) treated plot was followed as $23\;ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$. In 2006, hot water sterilized plot showed higher yields than non-treated plots ($14.8\;ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$). But the other three fumigant contained Dazomet ($50\;g/m^2$) were no difference (P<0.05) in yield.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.10 no.4 s.33
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• pp.34-40
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• 2006

This paper provides a fusion technology between a district cooling energy system and an environment conservation policy based on the energy savings and reusable cold energy resources. The district heating and cooling systems are very effective ways for an energy saving, a cost reduction and a safety control. It is necessary to equalize the energy savings and an environmental preservation policy for an improved human lift. A gasification process of a liquefied natural gas, cooling water from deep seawater and an ice water thermal storage system may produce a cold energy. A district cooling system is used to cool an apartment, office buildings and factory facilities with a cooling energy supply pipeline. LNG cooling energy will switch a conventional air-conditioning system, which is operated by on electrical energy and a Freon refrigerant. Coincident with significant clean energy and operating cost savings, LNG cold energy system owen radical reductions in an air-borne pollutant, $CO_2$ and the release of environmentally harmful refrigerants compared with that of the conventional air-conditioning system. This study provides useful information on the fusion technology of a LNG cold energy usage and energy savings, and environmental conservation.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 1998

On the basis of the fact that the pycnidiospore of Botryosphaeria dothidea, the causal fungus of apple white rot is a typical water borne spore, a method for quantitative analysis of pycnidiospore dispersal from the warts produced on the diseased apple tree stem was developed. The warts on which cracks developed either on or around them were cut off at the base, and shaked in the water for 4hours at 2$0^{\circ}C$, in which condition the maximum number of spores were released. The volume of shaking solution was calculated as 1 ml per one wart. At the end of shaking, Trio, a household detergent was added to the shaking solution to the concentration of 0.1%, and shaked for additional 10 minutes at 35$^{\circ}C$ to take off the spores attached on the glass ware. One milliliter of the spore suspension thus prepared were passed through transparent membrane filter (pore size : 3.0 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$), and the spores attached on the filter were counted under a microscope ($\times$200) after staining them with lactophenol supplemented with aniline blue. The results thus obtained were statistically consistent when at least 30 warts were used simultaneously in single shaking. This method can be applicable in the elucidation of ecology of sporulation and spore dispersal, and also in the screening of the sporulation inhibitor which can be used in the control of the disease by reducing the inoculum density.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1822-1829
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• 2003

Porcine colostrum and milk were separated into the acid-soluble and casein fractions by acidification followed by centrifuge. The acid-soluble fraction of porcine colostrum was further separated by liquid chromatography and anisotropic membrane filtration. Trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory capacity in porcine colostrum, milk and their components was determined by incubating bovine trypsin or chymotrypsin in a medium containing their corresponding substrates with or without addition of various amounts of porcine colostrum, porcine milk or their components. The inhibition of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) degradation in pig small intestinal contents by porcine colostrum was measured by incubating iodinated IGF-I or EGF with the intestinal contents with or without addition of porcine colostrum. Degradation of labeled IGF-I or EGF was determined by monitoring the generation of radioactivity soluble in 30% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The results showed that porcine colostrum had high levels of trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory activity and increased the stability of IGF-I and EGF in pig intestinal contents. The inhibitory activity declined rapidly during lactation. It was also found that trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory activity and the inhibition on IGF-I and EGF degradation in the acid-soluble fraction were higher than that in the casein fraction. Heat-resistance study indicated that trypsin inhibitors in porcine colostrum survived heat treatments of $100^{\circ}C$ water bath for up to 10 min, but exposure to boiling water bath for 30 min significantly decreased the inhibitory activity. Compared with the trypsin inhibitors, the chymotrypsin inhibitors were more heatsensitive. Separation of the acid-soluble fraction of porcine colostrum by liquid chromatography and anisotropic membrane filtration revealed that the trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitory capacity was mainly due to a group of small proteins with molecular weight of 10,000-50,000. In conclusion, the present study confirmed the existence of high levels of protease inhibitors in porcine colostrum, and the inhibition of porcine colostrum on degradation of milk-borne growth factors in the pig small intestinal tract was demonstrated for the first time.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.160-169
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• 2000

This study was conducted to understand the inhibitory garlic and ginger against the growth of food born pathogenic bacteria. Juice was prepared from the raw spices by using an electric homogenizer and membrane filter. Dry-powdered spices were treated with double distilled water and 70% ethanol to extract the antibacterial substances, respectively. Growth inhibitory effects of juice and extracts of the spices were monitored by using bacterial strains such as B. subtilis, L. moncytogenes, S. aureus,E. coli O157 : H7, P. aeruginosa, and S. typhimurium. On a solid medium where E. coli and S. aureus cells were grown, ginger juice formed inhibitory zone at the concentrations of 2-10% by paper disc test. The Bone formed by ginger juice was wider and more transparent than that formed by garlic juice on the same concentration.1. monocytogenes and B. subtilis were more sensitive to garlic juice than others, and stopped growing at 2% garlic juice. Ginger juice showed the growth inhibition by 30-50% at 1.0% concentration. On the contrast, P. aeruginosa which resisted to the garlic juice was the most sensitive to ginger juice. Water extract of garlic was not effective to inhibit the bacterial growth, while 2% ginger extract completely inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. Alcohol extract of ginger inhibited the growth of bacteria at the concentration of 0.3%. This growth inhibition is almost 10 times lower than that of the garlic extract. It was clear that ginger had more potential than garlic as an inhibitor to control the growth of the indicator organisms.