• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2021

Water quality prediction is essential for the proper management of water supply systems. Increased suspended sediment concentration (SSC) has various effects on water supply systems such as increased treatment cost and consequently, there have been various efforts to develop a model for predicting SSC. However, SSC is affected by both the natural and anthropogenic environment, making it challenging to predict SSC. Recently, advanced machine learning models have increasingly been used for water quality prediction. This study developed an ensemble machine learning model to predict SSC using the XGBoost (XGB) algorithm. The observed discharge (Q) and SSC in two fields monitoring stations were used to develop the model. The input variables were clustered in two groups with low and high ranges of Q using the k-means clustering algorithm. Then each group of data was separately used to optimize XGB (Model 1). The model performance was compared with that of the XGB model using the entire data (Model 2). The models were evaluated by mean squared error-ob servation standard deviation ratio (RSR) and root mean squared error. The RSR were 0.51 and 0.57 in the two monitoring stations for Model 2, respectively, while the model performance improved to RSR 0.46 and 0.55, respectively, for Model 1.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2015

Because reservoirs that supply irrigation water play an important role in water resource management, it is necessary to evaluate the vulnerability of this particular water supply resource. The purpose of this study is to provide water supply risk maps of agricultural reservoirs in South Korea using irrigation vulnerability model and cluster analysis. To quantify water supply risk, irrigation vulnerability indices are estimated to evaluate the performance of the water supply on the agricultural reservoir system using a probability theory and reliability analysis. First, the irrigation vulnerability probabilities of 1,346 reservoirs managed by Korea Rural Community Corporation (KRC) were analyzed using meteorological data on 54 meteorological stations over the past 30 years (1981-2010). Second, using the K-mean method of non-hierarchical cluster analysis and pre-simulation approach, cluster analysis was applied to classify into three groups for characterizing irrigation vulnerability in reservoirs. The morphology index, watershed area, irrigated area, and ratio between watershed and irrigated area are selected as the clustering analysis parameters. It is suggested that the water supply risk map be utilized as a basis for the establishment of risk management measures, and could provide effective information for a reasonable decision making on drought risk mitigation.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2017

용수공급시설의 설계 및 운영에 기준이 되는 이수안전도는 용수공급안전도의 평가를 위한 중요한 지표이지만, 이수안전도에 대한 일관된 지침이 없어 댐 설계 과정에서 저마다 사용된 자료기간과 평가 방법이 서로 상이한 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다목적댐의 용수공급능력을 일관성 있게 평가하기 위해 가뭄의 심도와 지속기간을 동시에 고려할 수 있는 이변량 가뭄빈도해석을 수행하였다. 확률론적 개념을 바탕으로 가뭄사상을 평가하여 댐유역의 가뭄특성을 분석하였으며, 우리나라의 5개 다목적댐(소양강, 충주, 안동, 대청, 섬진강)을 대상으로 특정 가뭄상황에서의 용수공급능력을 평가하였다. 그 결과 여름과 가을에는 자체 유입량만으로 안정적인 용수공급이 가능하지만, 강수량이 적은 봄과 겨울에는 1년 빈도의 작은 가뭄에도 용수부족이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.999-1006
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• 2019

Recently, the quantitative management of agricultural water supply, which is the main source for water consumption in Korea, has become more important due to the effective water management organization of the Korean government. In this study, the estimation method for irrigation supply based on agricultural reservoir storage data was improved compared to previous research, in which drought year selection was unclear, and the outlier data for the rainfall-irrigation supply were not eliminated in the regression analysis. In this study, the drought year was selected by the ratio of annual precipitation to mean annual precipitation and the storage rate observed before the start of irrigation. The outlier data for the rainfall-irrigation supply were eliminated by the Grubbs & Beck test. The proposed method was applied to nine agricultural reservoirs for validation. As a result, the ratio of annual precipitation to mean annual precipitation is less than 53% and the storage rate observed before the start of irrigation is less than 55% it was judged to be the drought year. In addition, the drought supply factor, K, was found to be 0.70 on average, showing closer results to the observed reservoir rates. This shows that water management at the real is appling drought year practice. It was shown that the performance of the proposed method was satisfactory with NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient) and R² (coefficient of determiniation) except for a few cases.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2022

The present study has investigated the performance of hydrogen gas generators for inhalation purposes based on polyelectrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). The system applied two watering methods. One is pumped water (pumping system) and the other is gravity-fed water without a pump (non-pumping system). The cell efficiencies were compared by measuring the cell voltage and temperature in the hydrogen gas generator, respectively. The results show that the cell voltage and temperature increase with the cell current. The cell temperature is lower in the pumping system than that in the non-pumping system at a given cell current. Even though the amount of hydrogen production is the same regardless of the pumping system, the cell efficiency of the hydrogen gas generator in the non-pumping system is better than that in the pumping system.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.481-493
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• 2012

가뭄의 불확실성은 우리가 관리할 수 있는 범위를 넘어서는 현상으로 용수공급시스템의 불확실성 역시 우리가 제어할 수 있는 한계를 벗어날 수 있다. 따라서 수자원 시설물 운영에 필요한 의사결정은 여러 가지 불확실한 상황을 고려하여 다루어져야한다. 특히 극단적 강우 부족이나 저유량 상황이 장시간 지속되는 경우에는 수자원 공급에 심각한 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 하천오염, 수생태계파괴, 저수지고갈, 용수공급 장애 그리고 하천미관의 악화 등이 포함될 수 있다. 그중 극한가뭄의 지속으로 인해 용수공급의 중단과 같은 사태가 발생할 경우 피해한계를 예측할 수 없는 매우 심각한 결과가 초래될 수 있다. 이런 측면을 고려하여 본 연구는 장기지속가뭄을 포함하여 극한 가뭄사상에 대한 한강수계 용수공급 시스템의 가뭄 영향을 종합적으로 평가하였다. 이를 위해 5개 소유역에 대한 추계학적 수문시계열모형을 이용하여 월 유량 기준의 지속기간별, 재현기간별 가뭄 시나리오를 개발하여 팔당댐을 기준지점으로 하는 한강유역 용수공급 시스템에 적용하여 용수공급의 이행도를 평가하였다. 평가결과 예기치 못한 가뭄의 영향을 알기 위해서는 수문학적 다양성을 반영하는 장기지속가뭄에 대한 평가가 필요하다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.122-131
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 국내 외 관련 문헌 자료 및 규정에 대한 고찰과, 20년 이상 된 수조 구조물 현장의 사례 조사를 통해 수밀 콘크리트와 침투방지재의 염소이온 투과에 대한 실험적 평가 등을 통하여 결론을 도출하고. 방수층 및 부식저항기술을 음용수조 구조물(상수조 등)의 각 시설물별 방수 방식에 대한 성능을 동시에 만족하여야 할 필요성을 정립하는 것이다. 이는 수조 구조물들이 방수 및 침투방지재가 확실히 필요하다는 사실을 확언 할 수 있고, 또한 여러 가지의 콘크리트 침식을 발생시키는 요소와 원인들에서부터 장기적인 내구성을 화보할 수 있다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2013

Efficient water operation and management of an irrigation system plays an important element in the sustainability of irrigated agriculture. An agricultural water is delivered in many open canals of irrigation delivery system by reservoirs. The poor water distribution and management in an irrigation system is a major factor leading to low water efficiency. It is necessary to compare the estimated irrigation demands with the actual water supplies for decision making to maintain the water supply according to demand strategy. Smarter water management, new technologies and improvement of water management system, is essential to solve the problem of water efficiency and availability. In this paper, the irrigation efficiencies according to water delivery performance indicator were measured with automatic water gauge at irrigation canals, and calculated from spatial and temporal distribution of water supply for the lack of planning in water delivery. The analysis of results are obtain an insight into possible improvement methods to develop canal water management policies that enable irrigation planners to optimally manage scarce available water resources.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.866-871
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• 2006

Recently according to the fashion of well-being, the case study of under floor heating system type for residential space is increasing. Specially double slab floor system can make several roles as reducing the acoustic noises and also supplying fresh air through the gap. So in present study floor heating performance was examined with various location of the space in the case of floor supply air and ceiling supply air. In both cases return air went out through ceiling opening. As one of the result is that when using the heat pipe type floor heating system the temperature difference between supply and return water was $15.2^{\circ}C$, but in case of commercial type floor heating system the temperature difference was $5.3^{\circ}C$ when the supply water temperature was $50^{\circ}C$.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.967-973
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• 2006

In this study used tank model and specific discharge to calculate low-flow of mountain basin and supply data that need in water resources plan. Low-flow is calculated byspecific discharge and area ratio method as resulted that calculate storage of low-flow by tank model was construed that showd all similar aspect. In judged to help in water resources plan establishment calculating low-flow using model to supplement uncertainty of observed data in that calculate of low-flow ungaged mountain area. It shows by economical and realistic plan until 12 years after development that run parallel and use economic performance analysis result valley flow and groundwater. But wide area water services and Chungju dam since 12 years onward was expose that is economic.