• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.2 s.149
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• pp.108-112
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• 2007

We examined the inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidase (MAO) of Gardenia jasminoides in vitro and in vivo methods. Methanolic extract and ethylacetate fraction of Gardenia jasminoides fruit showed a significant inhibitory activity on MAO-A and MAO-B in vitro. The IC$_{50}$ values of each fraction on MAO-A and MAO-B are as fo11owed; total methanol extracts 1.23 and 1.34 mg/ml, EtOAc fraction 0.72 and 0.77 mg/ml. Water-soluble fraction also showed IC$_{50}$ values of 0.81 mg/ml on MAO-B. MAO-A activity was increased by the oral administration of ethanolic extract of G. jasminoides, while MAO-B activity was decreased. The concentration of serotonin of brain tissue administrated of ethanolic extract of G. jasminoides is slightly increased in rat. This tendency is not different from the activity of deprenyl which is a well known MAO inhibitor was used as a positive control. Consequently, we suggest that G. jasminoides may have the effects on the inhibitory activity against MAO This activity of G. jasminoides is considerable for development of functional materials for treatment and control of depression, dementia, Parkinson' disease, stress and promoting exercise, etc.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2012

$Elfvingia$ $applanata$, a medicinal mushroom belonging to Basidiomycota, has been used in the effort to cure cancers of the esophagus and stomach, and is also known to have inhibitory effects on hepatitis B virus infection. The hot water soluble fraction (as Fr. HW) was extracted from fruiting bodies of the mushroom. $In$ $vitro$ cytotoxicity tests showed that hot water extract was not cytotoxic against cancer cell lines such as Sarcoma 180, HT-29, HepG2, and TR at concentrations of 10-2,000 ${\mu}g/mL$. Intraperitoneal injection with Fr. HW resulted in a life prolongation effect of 45.2% in mice previously inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Treatment of Fr. HW resulted in a 2.53-fold increase in the numbers of murine spleen cells at a concentration of 50 ${\mu}g/mL$, compared with control. Incubation of murine spleen cells with Fr. HW at a concentration of 500 ${\mu}g/mL$ resulted in improved immune-potwntiating activity of B lymphocytes through an 8.3-folds increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, compared with control. Fr. HW generated 12.5 ${\mu}M$ of nitric oxide (NO) when cultured with RAW 264.7, a mouse macrophage cell line, at the concentration of 50 ${\mu}g/mL$, while lipopolysaccharide, a positive control, produced 15.2 ${\mu}M$ of NO. Therefore, the results suggested that antitumor activities of Fr. HW from $E.$ $applanata$ might, in part, be due to host mediated immunostimulating activity.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1072-1080
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• 2008

The optimization of the addition ratios of Houttuynia cordata, Saururus chinensis, and Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum hot water extract to Houttuynia cordata beverage was evaluated by applying response surface methodology. The quality characteristics of a selected best product were investigated. Sweet, savory, and fishy taste, and overall acceptability were optimized by response surface methodology using a central composite design. The concentration of effect of Houttuynia cordata, Saururus chinensis, and Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum hot water extract was modeled using an equation. Hot water extracts of Houttuynia cordata ($1.75{\sim}1.89%$), Saururus chinensis ($1.03{\sim}1.04%$), and Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum ($2.17{\sim}2.31%$) represented the optimal concentration conditions to obtain the best taste. The physical and chemical characteristics of the beverage manufactured at optimized conditions were pH 4.18, soluble solids 0.41 $^{\circ}Brix$, total acidity 0.21%, color value ($L^*$ value 40.08, $a^*$ value 4.53, and $b^*$ value 10.69), total polyphenol 54.63 mg/L, and electron donating ability 26.98%.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1096-1104
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• 2015

Particulate $matter_{2.5}$ ($PM_{2.5}$) is notorious for its strong toxic effects on the cardiovascular, skin, nervous, and reproduction systems. However, the molecular mechanism by which $PM_{2.5}$ aggravates disease progression is poorly understood, especially in a water-soluble state. In the current study, we investigated the putative physiological effects of aqueous $PM_{2.5}$ solution on lipoprotein metabolism. Collected $PM_{2.5}$ from Seoul, Korea was dissolved in water, and the water extract (final 3 and 30 ppm) was treated to human serum lipoproteins, macrophages, and dermal cells. $PM_{2.5}$ extract resulted in degradation and aggregation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as well as low-density lipoprotein (LDL); apoA-I in HDL aggregated and apo-B in LDL disappeared. $PM_{2.5}$ treatment (final 30 ppm) also induced cellular uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) into macrophages, especially in the presence of fructose (final 50 mM). Uptake of oxLDL along with production of reactive oxygen species was accelerated by $PM_{2.5}$ solution in a dose-dependent manner. Further, $PM_{2.5}$ solution caused cellular senescence in human dermal fibroblast cells. Microinjection of $PM_{2.5}$ solution into zebrafish embryos induced severe mortality accompanied by impairment of skeletal development. In conclusion, water extract of $PM_{2.5}$ induced oxidative stress as a precursor to cardiovascular toxicity, skin cell senescence, and embryonic toxicity via aggregation and proteolytic degradation of serum lipoproteins.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.692-702
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• 2018

Streptococcus mutans causes oral diseases, including tooth decay, by producing a biofilm called plaque. Therefore, inhibition of biofilm formation is essential for maintaining oral health. Plants produce a variety of secondary metabolites, which act as starting sources for the discovery of new bioactive chemicals that inhibit biofilm formation of S. mutans. Previous studies have reported on chemicals with antibiotic activity for the inhibition of biofilm formation by S. mutans. In this study, nine plant extracts from Melonis Pedicellus, Agastachis Herba, Mori Cortex Radicis, Diospyros kaki leaves, Agrimoniae Herba, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Lycopi Herba, Elsholtziae Herba, and Schizonepetae Spica were screened for the inhibition of biofilm formation from a plant extract library. The water-soluble compounds of the extracts did not affect cell growth but selectively inhibited biofilm formation. These results suggest that the selected plant extracts constitute novel biofilm formation inhibitors, with a novel biological mechanism, for improving oral hygiene.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 1985

The concentrated red ginseng extract (RG-EXT) was prepared by extracting the ginseng tails with 0-90% ethanol solution at 70-100$^{\circ}C$ and analyzed for amino acids composition and other nitrogeneous fractions. The results showed that nonprotein fraction was more than 90% of the total N-compounds and 17 free amino acids were identified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Maximum and minimum N-compounds or total free amino acids were recovered in RG-EXT with 50% and 90% ethanol, respectively. An increase in ethanol concentration resulted a significant change in free amino acid composition while extraction temperature caused a little gradual decrease in water soluble nonprotein and total nitrogen fractions.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.223-227
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• 1996

The antioxidant activity of Ecklonia stolonifera was determined by measuring lipid peroxide produced when a mouse liver homogenate was exposed to the air at $37^{\circ}C$ using 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The methanol extract of Ecklonia stolonifera showed strong antioxidant activity. And the methanol extract was fractionated with several solvents. With regard their fractions, the antioxidative activity were in the order of ethyl acetate>dichloromethane insoluble intermediated phase>dichloromethane>n-butanol>water fraction. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction exhibiting the strongest antioxidant activity was further purified by repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Antioxidant phloroglucinol was isolated and identified by$ ^1H-NMR\; and\; ^{13}C-NMR$. Its antioxidant activity was simlilar to that of L-ascorbic acid.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.797-802
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• 1997

The effect of Artemisia princeps var orientalis(mugwort) and Circium japonicum var ussuriense (Unggungqui) on lipid metabolism was examined . Thirty rats of 5 experimental groups were fed with a diet containing 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate(control diet) and 5% plant powder or its water soluble extract(experimental diet) for 4 weeks. The activity of enzymes related to liver function, lipid components of liver and principle organs, and fecal steroids were assayed. The activity of enzymes was significantly lower in the unggungqui and mugwort powder diet group than in control. Liver total cholesterol , free cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly lower in Unggungqui powder diet groups that in the control. The concentrations of total cholesterol , triglyceride and phospholipid in heart and kidney were comparatively low in the Unggungqui powder diet groups. In each plant powder diet group, the values of serum bile acid were significantly lowe ran the fecal steroid excretion was higher than in the control and the extract diet groups.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.297.2-297.2
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• 2003

The roots and rhizome of Acanthopanax koreanum are used as folk medicine to ameliorate hepatitis in Korea. The ability of A. koreanum to protect mice from fulminant hepatitis induced in mice by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide was evaluated. Preparations of A. koreanum used were an ethanol extract, and the ethanol-soluble and ethanol-insoluble components of the water extract. (omitted)

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.629-633
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• 2006

Pinus rigida Miller leaf extract (PRLE) showed antimicrobial activity remarkably against food pathogenic and spoilage bacteria at concentrations of $100{\sim}250{\mu}g/mL$. Alcohol-soluble PRLE had higher antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and E-coli than any other-soluble PRLE such as butanol, ethyl acetate, ether and water. As PRLE concentration increased alcohol-soluble PRLE increased the remarkable inhibitory zone of microbial growth on the microbial media. PRLE showed good stability against temperature and pH in the range of $40{\sim}150^{\circ}C$ and $4{\sim}11$, respectively. This may indicate that PRLE can be a potential anti-microbial agent for industrial application. In addition, SEM of Listeria monocytogenes suggested that it antimicrobial component would perturb the functions of microbial cell membranes synergistically. In the feeding experiment the formaldehyde content in the serum of formalin-fed and PRLE-treated me decreased remarkably due to the lysis of formaldehyde and the rate of hemoglobin biosynthesis was recovered to the orignal state within a short breeding time.