• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.878-887
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• 2020

A neutral extract (NE), that is soluble in cold water and has excellent antioxidant activity, from Pinus radiata pine bark was prepared by sodium bicarbonate treatment, and its chemical characteristics were investigated. NE was prepared by treating P. radiata bark with 0.8% NaHCO₃ aqueous solution with a 5 : 1 liquor-to-bark ratio at boiling temperature for 1 h, resulting in 44% yield and final pH of 6.66. The yield of NE was 11% higher than that of the hot water extract (HWE) due to the increase in the solubility of polyphenols, the main component in the bark, by NaHCO₃ treatment. NE was characterized through FT-IR, NMR, and MALDI TOF MS analyses. The results indicated that NE is mostly composed of proanthocyanidins (PAs) consisting of procyanidin (PC) units. The acetylated neutral extract (Ac-NE) had weight average molecular weight (${\bar{M}}w$) of 5,300 Da. The Ac-NE had wide molecular weight distribution and its polydispersity (${\bar{M}}w/{\bar{M}}n$) was 6 times higher than that of pure PA. The antioxidant activity of NE was determined by 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and showed that NE had comparable antioxidant activity with pure PA.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.4 s.131
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• pp.364-371
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• 2002

Yew (Taxus cuspidata Sibe) selected cultivation as drug, food and decorative plant in Gyong-gi province in Korea. To extract the water soluble active ingredients, as a extracting method, there was extracted with 20g of dried seeds with each 20g of butylene glycol(BG) and propylene glycol(PG), and 40 mL of water mixing 72 hours at $40{\pm}5^{\circ}C$, and then they were filtrated by 400 mesh. Appearance of extract of seeds was pale brown, $pH=4.5{\pm}0.5$, $gravity=1.013{\pm}0.05$, a reflective $index=1.373{\pm}0.05$, and yield=75%. Also, to extract the high purity oil from seeds, it minutely pulverized the dried seeds and added the hexane, mixing 2 hours at $20{\pm}57^{\circ}C$. And then, this filtrated it with 400-mesh. It got the purified oil through evaporating them at $55^{\circ}C$ during under vacuum. As the results, appearance was slightly brown, gravity=0.922 acid value=0.12, saponification value=192, and it should be obtained the $40{\pm}5%$ of yield. As the efficacy evalution of cosmetic field, the antioxidative activities by NBT method were stronger 86.0% from extract of talus seeds than 52.0% from green tea extract and 35.0% from skullcap extract as well as the antioxidative activities by DPPH method were stronger 93.7% from extract of seed than 60.3% from extract of green tea and 27.1% from extract of skullcap. These are more effective than other plant extracts. The collagen synthesis rate on the activating fibroblast for Taxus cuspidata Sibe extract showed 35.43%. As the activity of the skin elasticity, PPE(porcine pancreatic elastase)-inhibitory activities of talus extract was 50.8%. Anti-inflammatory activity was more effective to be taken 41.1% of taxus seed oil than 24.2% of steady glycyrrhetinate (SG) as a control.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the physicochemical and microbiological properties of Korean traditional rice wine, Makgeolli, supplemented with black garlic extract during fermentation. Black garlic extract was diluted with distilled water to produce 0.5% and 1.0% black garlic solutions. Those solutions were then used to make rice solutions which included 2 kg rice, 40 g Nuruk (a fermentation starter), and 14 g yeast. After being mixed, the rice solutions were fermented for 7 days in a water bath at $28^{\circ}C$. The alcohol contents of the control, 0.5% and 1.0% black garlic Makgeolli were 16.9, 16.0, and 16.2%, respectively. Total acidity, total soluble solids, and color increased throughout the fermentation process. There was an increase of microorganisms throughout the fermentation period in all the samples. Glucose was the highest free sugar, and succinic acid was the highest organic acid detected in all the samples. Thirty nine volatile compounds were detected in black garlic Makgeolli.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2000

Streptococcus mutans is the most important causative bacteria of dental caries among the oral bacteria. Lactococcus lactis 1370 was isolated from the oral cavity of child. The effect of Lactococcus lactis 1370 on the formation of artificial plaque by Streptococcus mutans was studied. 1. The insoluble substances and bacteria were much more attached on the wall of disposable cuvette in the culture of Streptococcus mutans than in the combined culture of Streptococcus mutans and Lactococcus lactis 1370. 2. The mean weight of produced artificial plaque on the wires in the beaker was 131.7 mg in the culture of Streptococcus mutans only, whereas being reduced to 6.4 mg in the combined culture of Streptococcus mutans and Lactococcus lactis 1370 (p<0.05). The viable cell didn't show the significant difference between them after culturing. 3. When Streptococcus mutans was cultured in the media containing culture supernatant of Lactococcus lactis 1370 cultured in M17 broth containing 0.5% yeast extract and 5% sucrose, the mean weight of produced artificial plaque was 8.0 mg on the wires, whereas being 125.4 mg in the media without culture supernatant of Lactococcus lactis 1370 (p<0.05). The viable cell didn't show the significant difference between them after culturing. 4. When Streptococcus mutans was cultured in the media containing soluble polymer produced by Lactococcus lactis 1370, the mean weight of produced artificial plaque was significantly reduced compared with being cultured in the media without soluble polymer (p<0.05). The viable cell didn't show the significant difference between them after culturing. 5. The soluble polymer produced by Lactococcus lactis 1370 was glucan. 6. The glucan produced by Lactococcus lactis 1370 was water-soluble glucan containing ${\alpha}$-1,6-glucose linkage as the main linkage. These results suggest that the artificial plaque formed by Streptococcus mutans is inhibited by water-soluble glucan produced by Lactococcus lactis 1370.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.515-519
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• 2002

The changes in the levels of total soluble protein and some free amino acids were investigated in germinating brown rice. Nongerminated (N) brown rice was germinated for 72 hrs by applying following solutions: 1) distilled water (W), 2) 50 ppm chitosan in 5 mM lactic acid (CL), and 4) 50 ppm chitosan in 5 mM glutamic acid (CG). The level of total soluble protein was higher in the N extract than those of W, CL and CG. Alanine levels were enhanced and aspartic acid levels were decreased significantly in the germinated brown rice, highest increases of alanine were found in the CG germinated brown rice. The levels of serine, decreased during germination in solutions W and CL, were increased significantly by germination in CG solution. The levels of essential amino acids, such as Iysine, isoleucine and methionine were also increased significantly by germination in CG solution. Our results show that the germination of brown rice with CG solution can significantly increase the levels of alanine and some other essential amino acids and can restore the serine level.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.170-178
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• 2023

We investigated the free radical scavenging and digestive enzyme inhibitory activities of the hot water extract of peach twig (Prunus persica L. Bastch). This extract of the peach twigs was further split up into n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butyl alcohol(n-BuOH), which resulted in three solvent-soluble fractions. Free radical scavenging activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS⁺) assay systems, while hypoglycemic effect of the peach twig extract and the solvent-soluble fractions were tested using α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition assays. Accordingly, the EtOAc layer showed a greater free radical scavenging activity compared to other solvent-soluble fractions. Furthermore, based on the α-glucosidase and α-amylase assays, the IC₅₀ values were determined to be 38.2±1.6 and 69.6±6.1 ㎍/mL for the EtOAc-soluble fractions, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that the fractions obtained from the peach twig extract can be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidant and hypoglycaemic constituents.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.788-794
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• 2016

Vinca alkaloids from plant Vinca minor have been investigated for their effects of tyrosinase inhibition, stimulation of ROS generation and increasement of cell migration activity. The methanolic crude extract and the water-soluble fraction exhibited $IC_{50}$ value of 3.1 mg/mL and 2.1 mg/mL. Vinca minor extract treatment significantly increased ROS levels in HaCaT cells, in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatments of Vinca minor extract led to increase wound closure when compared with non-treatment. Low dose (0.1% or 0.3%) of extracts have not significantly affected, compared with that in controls. By contrast, 0.5% extract have dramatic effect on wound healing activity of keratinocytes. Effects of Vinca minor extract in a filter-based cell mobility assay appear similar to that of wound closure assay, which suggests that the Vinca minor extract have wound healing effects on skin.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1416-1422
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• 2009

To observe the difference and change of the efficacy and ingredient appearing according to whether semen zizyphi spinosae has been roasted and its extraction method, locomotor activity, anticonvulsant activity, sleeping effect of each hot water and UMPM low temperature extracts of roast and raw semen zizyphi spinosae were measured through animal tests. Roast semen zizyphi spinosae showed superior pharmacological efficacy than raw semen zizyphi spinosae. Also, hot water extraction method showed superior pharmacological efficacy than low temperature extraction method(UMPM) that uses ultrasonic waves and microwaves. In short, it was shown that herbal medicine's extraction method needs to maximize medicinal effects by trying optimum extraction methods according to efficacy by considering characteristics of each herbal medicine. Together, there's also the need for in-depth studies on water-soluble ingredients of semen zizyphi spinosae that may be extracted through full hot water extraction method.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1992

Antibacterial activity of the water-soluble portion of Ulmus pzcmila L. extract against 10 bacterial species was studied by both cylinder plate dilution method and broth dilution test tube method. Inhibitory effect of the extract on the bacteria was also investigated by plotting bacterial survival at various concentration of the extract. The crude extract exhibited antibacterial activity against all of the tested bacterial species with exception of K pneurnoniae. The fractions of the extract prepared by CM Sephadex-C 50 ion exchange chromatography were also subjected to test the antibacterial activity, and the activity was studied after autoclaving for 20 minutes.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.405-412
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• 2010

This study was focused on finding the potential of hot water extract of bamboo shoot (Sasa borealis Makino) on the fermentation of Kimchi made with Chinese cabbage. The properties of Kimchi were examined up to 28 days of storage. The pH and acidity decreased regardless of treatments and showed no significant difference between treatments. There was a decreasing tendency of both total and reducing sugars in kimchi but the addition of bamboo extract did not affect the soluble sugar levels. Interestingly, bamboo extracts affected the lactic acid fermentation and ripening, resulting in the increase of lactic acid in bamboo extract treatment. Number of total bacterial cell of additive group is higher than control one, probably due to the stimulative effect of bamboo extract on bacterial growth. Level of lactic acid bacteria was also higher in the additive group, thus, it is considered that bamboo extract appeared to enhance the proliferation of lactic acid bacteria. The acceptability of treated Kimchi was higher in general. And results of intensity evaluation in color and texture were higher as well by addition of bamboo extract.