• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

This study was carried out to establish a proper cultivation site and to diagnose the drought tolerance of Oplopanax elatus leaves by using pressure-volume curves. As a result of analysing data measured, the leaf of Oplopanax elatus showed the osmotic pressure at full turgor(Ψosat) was -0.77 MPa, and the osmotic pressure at incipient plasmolysis(Ψotlp) was -0.90 MPa. Then, the value of maximum bulk modulus of elasticity Emax was 3.7 MPa, showing that slightly lower drought tolerance of Oplopanax elatus. Furthermore, the values of relative water contents RWCtlp and RWC^* were above 80%, showing that the function of osmoregulation is somewhat better. Thus, responses to water relations such as Ψosat, Ψotlp, Emax, RWCtlp and RWC^* of Oplopanax elatus showed relatively lower drought-tolerance property indicating that those growth are appropriate in high moisture soil sites.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.75-78
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• 1995

In this paper it is concerned to develop control method using jar-test results in order to predict the optimum dosage of coaglant, PAC(PoliAluminum Chloride). Considering the relations with the reactions with the reaction of coagulation and flocculation, the five independent variables ( e, g, turbidity of raw water, water turbidity in flocculators, temperature, pH, and alkalynity) are selected out of parameters and they are put into calculation to develop a neural network model for PAC dosing process in water purification system. This model is utilized to predict optimum dosage of PAC. That is, the optimum dosage of PAC is searched in neural network model for PAC dosing process to minimize the water turbidity in flocculators. This searching is implemented by means of expert heuristics. The efficacy of the proposed contorl schemem and feasibility of acquired neural network model for PAC dosing contorl in water purification system is evaluated by means of computer simulation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.103-117
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• 1996

A mathematical model of vapor explosion propagation is presented. The model predict two-dimensional, transient flow fields and energies of the four fluid phases of melt drop, fragmented debris, liquid coolant and vapor coolant by solving a set of governing equations with the relevant constitutive relations. These relations include melt fragmentation, coolant-phase-change, and heat and momentum exchange models. To allow thermodynamic non-equilibrium between the coolant liquid and vapor, an equation of state for oater is uniquely formulated. A multiphase code, TRACER, has been developed based on this mathematical formulation. A set of base calculations for tin/water explosions show that the model predicts the explosion propagation speed and peak pressure in a reasonable degree although the quantitative agreement relies strongly on the parameters in the constitutive relations. A set of calculations for sensitivity studies on these parameters have identified the important initial conditions and relations. These are melt fragmentation rate, momentum exchange function, heat transfer function and coolant phase change model as well as local vapor fractions and fuel fractions.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.82-92
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• 2012

In this study, we identified spatial and temporal patterns of reservoir trophic state within Keum-river watershed and analyzed correlations between chlorophyll-$a$ (Chl-$a$) and water quality parameters including conductivity and total phosphorus (TP). The reservoirs were separated into three trophic categories by the criteria of TP: 2 oligotrophic (9.3~9.4 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$), 15 mesotrophic (10.3~19.2 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$), and 14 eutrophic reservoirs (38.9~117.1 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$). Water quality parameters such as conductivity, TP, and Chl-$a$ reflected rainfall patterns, and the patters of annual mean TP were similar to the variation of annual mean Chl-$a$. Empirical models of Chl-$a$ against TP in reservoirs showed that statistical significance ($p$ <0.05) occurred in only some seasons and the trophic relations were modified by a washing-out effect or high non-algal light attenuation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.38
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• pp.258-265
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• 2003

The design of space, which focuses on human senses and perception, has become more prominent. It can be understood as the space needed for a field of experience. Phenomenological attitude focuses on the relations between human in the context of their environment. The experiences generated were used as a method of design. The method guides a formation of active space through phenomenological experience in interior space as well as architecture. To stimulate a phenomenological sensitive experience, the parameters for certain experiences were connected to the five senses, finally creating a concrete space. Water, light, air, vapor, and earth as architectural media are connected to the five senses and lead to intermediation from abstract to actual. In particular, water is deeply rooted in peoples subconsciousness and stimulates our instincts. Using water by effectively combining its symbols and physical characteristics will be a method to reinforce the experience with a given space. This study will examine the need for space experience and characteristics of water as an essential elements for perception experience and present possible experimental design.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.459-470
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• 2010

In this study, we analyzed fish tolerance guilds in mainstems and tributaries of 65 streams and rivers arid their relations to water quality using dataset sampled from April to November, 2009. For the study, water quality parameters including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), electric conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N), nitrate nitrogen ($NO_3$-N) and phosphate phosphorus ($PO_4$-P) were analyzed in the laboratory and also tolerance ranges in 3 category fishes of sensitive, intermediate, and tolerant species with high abundance were analyzed. According to fish guild analysis, tolerant species was 58% of the total community and the proportion of omnivore species was 63% of the total, indicating a degradation of habitats and water quality. Water quality was shown typical longitudinal gradients from the headwater to the down-river; TN and TP increased toward the down-rivers except for the big point-source area and ionic contents, based on, electric conductivity showed same pattern. Tolerance guild analysis of 9 major species with high abundance indicated that sensitive groups had narrower tolerance range in the water quality than the groups of intermediate and tolerant species. In contrast, tolerant groups including Zacco platypus, Carassius auratus, and Opsarichthys uncirostris amurensis had wider tolerance ranges than the groups of sensitive and intermediate species. Thus, each group was evidently segregated from the tolerance levels. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) employed for the relations of water quality to fish species in each groups suggests that water quality had highest eigenvalues with fish species in the 1st axis of the PCA and nitrogen (TN, $NH_3$-N, $NO_3$-N) and phosphorus (TP) were key components differentiating three groups of sensitive, intermediate and tolerance guilds.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 1984

This study was to elucidate the relation between the water relations parameters obtained from P-V curves and stomatal closure. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The water potential at incipient plasmolysis obtained from P-V curves was similar to the water potential at critical stomatal closure. 2) The critical stomatal closure of sun leaves appear at -21 bar (-17 bar, shade leaves) in Pinus koraiensis, -20 bar in Pinus rigida, -22 bar in Pinus densiflora, and -24 bar in Larix leptolepis. On a relative water content basis, the critical stomatal closures of sun leaves appear at 85% (82%, shade leaves) in Pinus kordiensis, 77% in Pinus ragida, 85% in Pinus densiflora, and 70% in Larix leptolepis. 3) The incipient stomatal closures of sun leaves appear at -14 bar (-12 bar, shade leaves) in Pinus koraiensis, -10 bar in Pinus rigida, -15 bar in Pinus densiflora, and -6 bar in Larix leptolepis. On a relative water content basis, the incipient stomatal closures of sun leaves appear at 90% in Pinus koraiensis, 93% in Pinus rigida, 90% in Pinus densiflora, and 93% in Larix leptolepis. 4) The leaf conductance was increased by increase in volume-averaged turgor pressure was linearly increased by increase in relative water content.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.1190-1197
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• 2009

Design parameters related to Yano's method(1984, 1985), one of experimental approaches having been used widely in Korea to estimate sedimentation and consolidation of dredged and reclaimed ground, were analyzed and their propriety were reassessed in this paper. Data analyses were performed on the basis of the settling test results using samples from the west coastal area of Korea. From analysis of results, for specific characteristics of these dredged and reclaimed marine soft clays, co-relations of initial water content - coefficient of sedimentation/ consolidation - initial setting velocity were evaluated. Relation between height of soil solid and surface height of slurry at the stages of initiation and termination of consolidation was also assessed. Finally ranges and average values of these design parameters were evaluated and typical empirical equations between these design parameters were also proposed.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.197.2-197.2
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• 2011

Preliminary analysis on the modeling conditions and the simulation results is conducted only to evaluate the correctness of the simulation configuration further to apply for the LASGIT project. Except for the unrealistic modeling conditions for the relations of capillary pressure and relative permeability against water saturation used previously, the simulation results successfully demonstrate Helium propagation typical for two-phase flow. Further elaborated simulation with more realistic parameters should complete the weak points of the preliminary work.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.417-431
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• 2020

In this study, a fundamental investigation was made on how to use LiDAR technology to determine the degree of weathering and alteration of rock mass. The purpose of the study was to identify the affecting parameters to LiDAR intensity and to quantitatively assess the relations among them through laboratory-scale experiment. A few potential affecting parameters were selected including scanning distance, incidence angle, surface roughness, surface color, mineral composition, and water saturation. In the experiment, FARO LiDAR unit was used for twelve different types of specimen. It was observed that the intensity was affected by, in the order of importance, surface color, incidence angle, scanning distance, property of rock, water condition, and surface roughness.