• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.25-45
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• 1992

Many phychiatrists have reported that the change of serotonin concentration would cause mental disorder and affect the pathological conditions such as schizophrenia, depression and eating behabior. The end product of serotonin metabolism was excreted as 5-HIAA in urine. Serum lipids, according to the report, were concerned with obesity, said it was. This study aims to observe the changes of plasma serotonin, urinary 5-HIAA and serum lipids, making use of Fat Cell Mass rate of 27 normal persons and 42 psychosomatic patients. For this, I also observed the change of serotonin, 5-HIAA and lipids of the psychosomatic patients by the use of 3 kinds of herbs as treatment medication on the basis of physical symptoms and the results were obtained as follows; 1. Urinary 5-HIAA is correlated with the body water rate(r=0.381), while reversely correlated with the Fat Cell Mass rate(r=-0.330). 2. Compared the control group with the patients group for the serum lipids value, they showed the significant results ; $146.4{\pm}5.71$ mg/dl and $166.9{\pm}6.56$ mg/dl in the total cholestrol value over- weights, $471.2{\pm}42.99$ mg/dl in the total lipid value, and $158.1{\pm}6.50$ mg/dl and $181.1{\pm}6.30$ mg/dl in the phospholipid of the obesity, respectively. 3. With comparison of each group to other group to the others for Fat Cell Mass rate, the total cholesterol showed the significant differences when the Fat Cell Mass rate was 20% or more, HDL-cholesterol value when 30% or more, and triglyceride when 30% or more, respectively. 4. there was significant variations in the relations between Fat Cell Mass rate and body water, which body mass index was increased as the body water was decreased. 5. Fat Cell Mass rate was correlated with Cholesterol(r = 0.420), triglyceride (r = 0.443), and $\beta$-lipoprotein(r = 0.450) of serum lipids, while reversely correlated with HDL -Cholesterol(r = -0.354) and urinary 5- HIAA had the correlation coefficient of -0.330. 6. What related with body water rate urinary 5-HIAA (r = 0.381) and $\beta$-lipoprotein(r = -0.405). 7. there were significant changes in the total cholesterol value and HDL-Cholesterol Value of serum lipids after dose of Ondamtang, significant increase in the 5-HIAA value after dose of Samulansintang, and significant devrease in the Trigylceride value of serum lipids after dose of Shihosogansan. As a result, it was seen that there was direct correlations among the Fat Cell Mass, urinary 5-HIAA, and serum lipids and stress from the mental conditions was not correlated directly to Serotonin, 5-HIAA, and serum lipids. I would like to conclude, therefore, that the detailed study should be performed on the function of serotonin of hypothalamus.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1983

The concentrations of dissolved vitamin $B_{12}$, thiamine and biotin in the water of Gyokpo coast, were determined by microbiological assay methods. Also the relations between the distribution of B group vitamin and other environmental factors were studied. Vitamin $B_{12}$ was assayed with Euglena gracilis strain Z, thiamine with Cryptococous albidus and biotin with Achromo bacter sp. yH-51. It was found that the concentration of B group vitamin in the water of Gyokpo coast were normal level : vitamin $B_{12}$; 1.36-3.95 ng/l, thiamine ; u-0.4 ng/l and biotin; 1.40-14.60 ng/l. The concentration of B group vitamin was high in summer than in winter. In the water of Gyokpo coast during summer, B group vitamin occurred slightly lower level than normal, the concentration suficiently neccessary for phytoplankton development. The concentration of biotin was positively correlated with abundance of phytoplankton, but not aerobic heterotrophic bacteria. It was suggested that the concentration of biotin in water might be much more influenced with the growth of phytoplankton and any environmental factors than bacteria and the other vitamin, especially.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.1 s.97
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• pp.36-44
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• 2002

The spatial and temporal trends of water qualities in Lake Soyang was statistically analyzed in this study. The water qualities include nutrients, ionic contents and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) measured during 1993${\sim}$2000. The rainfall intensity and runoff from the catchment appeared to play an important role in water quality trends in the lake. According to seasonal Mann-Kendall test, conductivity, TP, and Ctl-a did not show any trends of increase or decrease over the 8 year period, while TN declined slightly. It was found that the variation of TP was a function of interannual inflow and rainfall. In the analyses of spatial trend, conductivity, based on the mean by site, showed a downlake decline over the eight year period. Minimum conductivity was found in the headwaters during summer monsoon of July to August and near the dam during October. This result indicates a time-lag phenomenon that the headwater is diluted by rainwater immediately after summer monsoon rain and then the lake water near the dam is completely diluted in October. During summer period, TP and TN had an inverse relation with conductivity values. Concentrations of TP peaked during July to September in the headwaters and during September in the downlake. Also, TN increase during the summer and was more than 1.5 mg/L regardless of season and location, indicating a consistent eutrophic state. Values of Chl-a varied depending on location and season, but peaked in the midlake rather than in the headwaters during the monsoon. Regression analyses of log-transformed seasonal Chl-a against TP showed that value of $R^2$ was below 0.003 in the premonsoon and monsoon seasons but was 0.82 during the postmonsoon, indicating a greater algal response to the phosphorus during the postmonsoon. In contrast, TN had no any relations with Chl-a during all seasons.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.221-231
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• 2015

This is a continuous study on the dam effects for the spatial extension of flood data. In this study, flood reduction rates of dams and their influences on downstream using the spatially extended flood data were implemented. Nam-Han River was selected for measuring the impacts of ChoongJu and HoangSung dams. In the evaluations of flood reduction rate at dams, the larger flood events have the lower flood reduction rates for both dams. At the YeoJoo water level station, the analyses of the relations between flood reduction rates and the sizes of watersheds dams located were performed. the sizes of watersheds having a functional dam have highly influenced on the reduction rates of flood. The average of flood reduction rates was smaller than the area rate. For instances, area rates of HoangSung (0.02) and ChoongJu dams (0.6) are larger than the average flood reduction rates for HoangSung (0.01) and ChoongJu dams (0.51), respectively. However, the water level station follows the dam flood reduction characteristics of dams themselves. The spatial effects of dam flood reductions are analyzed based on the three water level stations (GangChun, YeoJoo, YangPyung). The distance of flood reduction rates lower than 0.1 as average flood reduction rate was the area 7 times of watershed having a dam with 0.02 as a minimum reduction rate.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.351-368
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• 2009

The internal structure of gateway city is to be influenced by the external relations. The purpose of this study is to examine the transportation impacts on the spatial characteristics of gateway cities in the Geum River basin, Korea. The changes of the transportation is classified by the commodity, the rice flow, and the functions of the gateway are examined in Gunsan-Si and Ganggyeong-Eup. Major findings of the study are as follows. First, the water and land transports in the gateways are connected or not. In the flow of the rice, the Gunsan gateway is connected, while the Ganggyeong is not. The difference is reflected in the location of the port and railway station. In the flow of marine products and salt, the Ganggyeong gateway is connected, while the Gunsan is not. Second, there had been separated or not in the location of the ports of the marine products and the rice. They are separated in the Gunsan, while not separated in the Ganggyeong. The results imply that there are to be difference between the two ports after the gateway of rice.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.37-43
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• 2016

Sinkholes happen in increasingly higher frequency in downtown areas with a concentration of social infrastructure these days. Most sinkholes occur around the living areas of citizens, which calls for a systematic countermeasure plan for urban development and underground water management, which are parts of the main causes of sinkholes. This study thus set out to analyze the risk factors of sinkholes in the subject area by using geospatial information deeply connected to sinkholes both directly and indirectly. The geospatial information used in analysis was obtained by examining the causes of sinkholes from a topographical perspective. Collected data were treated and analyzed with a range of spatial analysis tools based on GIS. The findings show that topographical factors had significant relations with sinkhole causes and raise a need to manage all kinds of pipe networks underground, the movement characteristics of underground water levels, and other topographical features. The findings may serve as data to support decision-making processes in the field of urban disaster prevention and call for extensive research to incorporate hydro-geomorphology and spatial modeling.

• Water for future
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.101-114
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• 1976

This paper presents a hydrologic method of probabilistic design flood calculation for ungauged small river basins. It is based on the study and analysis of the physiographic characteristics of the river basin for which stream flow records may not be available. Rainfall data is used at nearby station which has the rainfall intensity-duration-frequency relations. Musim cheon, second tributary of the Guem river, is selected for the sample study. Design floods for the stream reaches are computed by the Rational formula, the runoff coefficients being determined with the physiographic data such as soil type, land use and vepetal covers. Derived unit hydrograph at conneted main river basin is used to compute the peak flood discharge. Kajiyama formula and modified Kajiyama formula are used to calculated the most probable maximum flood discharge. The result of this study shows that synthesized unit hydrograph method is more accurate and applicable way to com pute design flood for ungauged small river basins.

• Water for future
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.175-185
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• 1985

This paper discusses the posibility of synthesizing flood hudrographs by the stroage function model. Eight small watersheds from Han, Gum, Nakdong, Youngsan river system were selected for this purpose. The optimum constants are computed from the chi square criterion by the SDFP methods Based on these constants, equations for the storage constant and Lag time are derived from the kinematic wave theory and storage function theory. These relations are examined by using optimum constants of the storage function model and assumptive constant of the kinematic wave model. Main results are sumarized as follows. 1. Constants of the storage function model are closely related to those of the kinematic wave model. The formula obtained theoretically is difficult to use practically because of the unclaified definition of factors. 2. In order to estimate constants of the storage function model for the practical purpose, new equations are also proposed for mountaneous area. 3. The verification of proposed equation is made for several recorded floods for mountaeous areas.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1967

The authors considered the effects of trim in the small coastal passenger boat upon resistance in this paper. Any change of trim no matter how small, necessarily produces some effect upon resistance. The relations between the resistance coefficients and trim were investigated through the towing test of the Model $MCI-P_1-65$, Korean Standardized Ship, GT 70 tons passenger boat in the gravitational tank. The Lines of the Model are given in Fig. 1. Principal dimensions and other characteristics vary with the trim in general. Those values varied with the trim for $MCI-P_1-65$ are tabulated in table 1. The resistance was measured at five conditions such as even keel, 0.0273L, (original designed trim) 0.0473L, 0.0663L, 0.0873L trim by the stern, fixing the displacement corresponding to the designed load water line. Model was made of wood in length of 3.5 feet coated with varnish, and without appendages. As the artificial turbulent stimulator, the sand strip method was used. The results of model towing tests, correcting to water temperature of $70^{\circ}F$, were expanded to full scale using the Schoenherr's friction formula and surface roughness allowance coefficient of 0.0004. The authors point out, the following results. 1) Optimum trim which gives the minimum resistance exists for every speed at constant displacement and each comes to the same value. For $MCI-P_1-65$ optimum trim is 0.0673L trim by the stern(Fig.4-The cross curves of the resistancecoefficients). 2) At constant displacement, when LCB(longitudinal position of center of buoyancy) varies with the trim, there exists optimum value of LCB which gives minimum resistance for every speed and each comes to the same value. For $MCI-P_1-65$ optimum position of LCB is 8%L aft from midship section (Fig.6).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 2018

In this study, the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of bamboo fiber-based composites (BFBCs) were studied at two pressing manufacturing processes, i.e., hot- and cold- pressing, and were compared with three density parameters (1.0, 1.1, and $1.2kg/m^3$). Width swelling ratio (WSR), thickness swelling ratio (TSR), and water absorption ratio (WAR) were calculated for water immersions of 4 and 28 h. WSR, TSR, and WAR for specimens immersed for 28 h were higher than those for 4 h treatment, which shows that the immersion time has a significant influence on the dimensional stabilities of BFBCs. Moreover, the positive linear relations between density and dimensional were observed at both the pressing ways, indicating that the WSR, TSR, and WAR decreased with an increase in the density of BFBCs. The compressive strength, shear strength, modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were determined. The compressive strength, MOR, and MOE of hot-pressed specimens were significantly higher than those for the cold-pressed specimens, which are also directly proportional to density. Moreover, the samples with the highest density of $1.2kg/m^3$ performed high values on mechanical properties in both the manufacturing methods.