• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.321-333
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• 2013

As environmental sustainability becomes a key consideration in policy-making, more responsible consumption and utilization in daily life concern both health and quality of life. To address inequities in health in relation to environments, waste management has taken more progressive ways, and one of them is biomass-to-energy conversion that utilizes energy recovery from food waste. By extension, a food waste zero-emission system using fermentation and extinction technology gains much attention, so that this study is designed to examine residents' attitudes toward recycling food waste produced at home and toward food waste zero-emission system. Utilizing a survey questionnaire, this research collected data from 400 individual units of multifamily housing estates nationwide, and the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicate that food waste generated at home was highly water-contained and produced in the stage of food preparation before cooking while respondents viewed that food waste collection and treatment needed to be improved. It's noted that respondents strongly supported the use of food waste as a energy source and would have the use of the food waste zero-emission system built in kitchen sink. Regression analysis showed that educational attainment of housewives, cooking style, and planning food purchase were statistically significant factors in the attitude of the responded residents toward recycling food waste while none of the factors were in the attitude toward the food waste zero-emission system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.158-166
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• 2018

Contrary to urban development, urban regeneration is a process of land development through conservation, restoration, and management. In particular, ecologically based urban regeneration is an attempt to improve the quality of life in an area, establish a stable settlement space, and revitalize the local economy by considering the ecological environment. In this regard, the objectives of this study were to establish theoretical concepts and analyze the successful foreign cases of ecologically based urban regeneration, and propose a direction of socio-economic regeneration along with the physical-environmental regeneration of urban areas in Korea. The study results suggest the following. First, strategies must be developed to coordinate public transportation, such as buses and subways, by considering the importance of bicycle riders, along with the sustainable-commuting system. Second, both the importance of planning parks and trails around water systems in various scales while maintaining the existing natural environment as well as using natural elements, such as electric vehicles and wind-power generation systems, were emphasized. Third, urban regeneration for increased energy efficiency requires specific architectural planning and facilities. Fourth, education and research for easy access by the public, as well as public-private partnership, will be needed in the regeneration process.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.528-533
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• 2016

One of ways for effectively maintaining asbestos buildings is to select asbestos buildings to be removed firstly by manufacturing and analyzing asbestos map of various topics. Thus, in this study we manufactured asbestos map of various topics for the effective management of asbestos buildings owned by Seoul using QGIS (Quantum Geographic Information System). To select asbestos buildings likely to cause asbestos scattering problem and exposure into the air, we comprehensively took into consideration various topics such as asbestos buildings density, asbestos-area ratio, asbestos buildings distribution considering the population, first removal object, risk assessment, elapsed year. As described in this study, using the GIS may be utilized as a method for selecting asbestos buildings to be removed firstly as well as distribution of asbestos buildings. In the future, it is necessary to make assessment criteria considering diversification of property value in GIS such as the characteristics of the living environment around the asbestos buildings. This is expected to be utilized to manage the vulnerable region to asbestos exposure.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2015

Juvenile banded catfish(Pseudobagurus fulvidraco, mean length $10.4{\pm}0.37cm$ and mean weight $14.5{\pm}0.46g$) were exposed to several nitrite(${NO_2}^-$) concentrations for 96h at pH levels of $6.18{\pm}0.54$, $6.5{\pm}0.30$ and $7.07{\pm}0.22$. The result showed that cumulative mortalities of fish to ${NO_2}^-$ levels of 12.4, 19.8, 33.9 and 53.6 mg/L at pH levels of $6.18{\pm}0.54$ were 20, 25, 40 and 85%, respectively. At pH $6.5{\pm}0.54$, mortalities to ${NO_2}^-$ 22.4, 36.4, 45.3 and 63.2 mg/L were 25, 35, 50 and 100%, respectively. At pH $7.07{\pm}0.22$, mortalities to ${NO_2}^-$ 25.5, 45.7, 56.3 and 66.4 mg/L were 0, 55, 70 and 100%, respectively. The 96h-$LC_{50}$(median lethal concentration, $LC_{50}$) of fish to several ${NO_2}^-$ concentrations at pH levels of $6.18{\pm}0.54$, $6.5{\pm}0.30$ and $7.07{\pm}0.22$ were assessed in these experiments. 96h-$LC_{50}$ at pH levels of $6.18{\pm}0.54$, $6.5{\pm}0.30$ and $7.07{\pm}0.22$ were 32.68, 40.49 and 45.85 mg/L, respectively. It indicated that acute toxicity of ${NO_2}^-$ to juvenile banded catfish increased with low levels of pH and lengthening of exposure time to ${NO_2}^-$. In particular, smaller fish(mean weight $14.5{\pm}0.46g$) were more sensitive to ${NO_2}^-$ than larger fish(mean weight $81.7{\pm}1.42g$; not published). The 96h-$LC_{50}$ of juvenile banded catfish to ${NO_2}^-$ would be primary guideline for water quality management in the intensive culture system such as RAS and BFT.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.2
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• pp.220-225
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• 2012

This study was carried out to clarify the impact of land use (Castanea crenata, Pinus densiflora and Plantation Land) on soil runoff in small watershed. The soil runoff showed in order of plantation land, Castanea stand and Pinus stand. The resulting models in linear equations of three stands were able to account for 70%, 60% and 60% respectively. The relationship between soil runoff and forest environmental factors was a positive correlation at 1% level with slope, forest type, soil hardness, watershed area, stream length and at 5% level with accumulative rainfall, but was negative correlation at 1% level with coverage. The main factors that affected soil runoff in small watershed showed in order of coverage, accumulative rainfall and stand type. In the stepwise regression between soil runoff and forest environmental factors, the estimation equation is as follow; Y = 31.250 - 1.140(Coverage) + 0.413(Accumulative rainfall) + 20.829(Forest type). The results indicates that dangerous areas of landslide and soil runoff by land use could be applied to the mitigation measures such as afforestation, erosion check dam and revetment for erosion control and water quality management in small watershed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 1987

The U.S. Forest Service administers the world's largest forestry research organization. From its modest beginning in 1876, some 30 years before the United States national forest system was established, the research branch has devoted its effort to meet current and future information needs of the forestry community of the United States, not just for the U.S. Forest Service. The research branch is one of three major administrative units of the U.S. Forest Service. The others being the National Forest System and State and Private Forestry. Currently the National Forest System comprises 155 national forests, 19 national grasslands, and 18 utilization projects located in 44 states. Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. The National Forest System manages these areas for a large array of uses and benefits including timber, water, forage, wildlife, recreation, minerals, and wilderness. It is through the State and Private Forestry branch that the U.S. Forest Service cooperates and coordinates forestry activities and programs with state and local governments, forest industries, and private landowners. These activities include financial and technical assistance in disease, insect, and fire protection ; plan forestry programs ; improve harvesting and marketing practices ; and transfer forestry research results to user groups. Forestry research is carried out through eight regional Forest Experiment Stations and the Forest Product Laboratory. Studies are maintained at 70 administrative sites, and at 115 experimental forest and grasslands. All of the current sciences that composed modern forestry are included in the research program. These range from forest biology (i. e. silviculture, ecology, physiology, and genetics) to the physical, mathematical, engineering, managerial, and social sciences. The levels of research range from application, developmental, and basic research. Research planning and priority identification is an ongoing process with elements of the research program changing to meet short-term critical information needs(i. e. protection research) to long-term opportunities(i. e. biotechnology). Research planning and priority setting is done in cooperation with National Forest Systems, forest industries, universities, and individual groups such as environmental, wilderness, or wildlife organizations. There is an ongoing review process of research administration, organization, and science content to maintain quality of research. In the U.S. Forest Service the research responsibility is not completed until the new information is being applied by the various user group : I. e. technology transfer program. Research planning and development in the U.S. Forest Service is a dynamic activity. Porgrams for the year 2000 and beyond are now in the planning stage.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.3 s.95
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• pp.215-222
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• 2001

A statistical analysis was performed to evaluate relationships among the pollutant concentrations in non-urban area. The data obtained from two subcatchments in Hwa-Ong watershed during 1999 was used for correlation and regression analyses. Strong correlations were observed among the SS, COD, and TP, while it was not significant with TN. The reason fer weak correlation with TN might be that TN was high in dry-days and runoff in wet-days could not increase enough to change it substantially like in other pollutants. The correlations were stronger for the data in wet-days than in dry-days, and it was influenced by watershed characteristics. While TP-COD showed linear relationship from the regression analysis, SS-TP and SS-COD shelved intrinsically linear relationship between log-transformed TP and COD data and non-transformed SS data. The TP-COD showed strong relationship for all the combinations of monitored data, which implies that these two constituent concentrations varied in a similar pattern. The regression equations reported in the paper might be used to estimate one pollutant concentration from the other in pollutant loading estimates, and its application could be expanded to other non-urban watersheds if their characteristics are not significantly different from the study area. In water quality management projects, rigorous monitoring and its thorough evaluation are recommended to develop more reliable relationships among the pollutant concentrations which could be used in other area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.303-303
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• 2017

Japanese agriculture has faced to several threats: aging and decrease of farmer population, global competition, and the risk of climate change as well as harsh and variable weather. On the other hands, the number of large scale farms is increasing, because farm lands have been being aggregated to fewer numbers of farms. Cost cutting, development of efficient ways to manage complicatedly scattered farm lands, maintaining yield and quality under variable weather conditions, are required to adapt to changing environments. Information and communications technology (ICT) would contribute to solve such problems and to create innovative technologies. Thus we have been developing an early warning and decision support system to reduce weather and climate risks for rice, wheat and soybean production in Japan. The concept and prototype of the system will be shown. The system consists of a weather data system (Agro-Meteorological Grid Square Data System, AMGSDS), decision support contents where information is automatically created by crop models and delivers information to users via internet. AMGSDS combines JMA's Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) data, numerical weather forecast data and normal values, for all of Japan with about 1km Grid Square throughout years. Our climate-smart system provides information on the prediction of crop phenology, created with weather forecast data and crop phenology models, as an important function. The system also makes recommendations for crop management, such as nitrogen-topdressing, suitable harvest time, water control, pesticide spray. We are also developing methods to perform risk analysis on weather-related damage to crop production. For example, we have developed an algorism to determine the best transplanting date in rice under a given environment, using the results of multi-year simulation, in order to answer the question "when is the best transplanting date to minimize yield loss, to avoid low temperature damage and to avoid high temperature damage?".

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.191-197
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• 2018

With a population of more than 10 million people worldwide, MegaCity was only three in 1975, but it is expected to grow to 24 in 2013 and more than 30 in 2025 and more than 3 billion worldwide by 2050 It is expected to be absorbed into smart city. Especially in Asia and Africa, urbanization is expected to proceed rapidly. As the urbanization progresses and the population living in the cities increases, there are various problems such as rapid increase of energy consumption, congestion of traffic, various aging of the infrastructure and the like. As a result, smart city is emerging as a new alternative for solving urban problems. Smart City is rapidly expanding with the development of related technologies and can improve costs, improve urban services, improve quality of life, productivity and sustainability. Therefore, this paper analyzes the size and trend of the domestic and overseas smart city market, and analyzes the smart city related policies, trends and case studies of major countries to see the development status and market of smart city related industries, Present a business utilization model.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.29-36
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• 2014

The purpose of this study investigates the delivery characteristics according to the load of pollutants by calculating the delivery rate of targeted areas on pollutants in Sapkyo reservoir. The main rivers of Sapkyo reservoir are Namwoncheon, Dogocheon, Sapkyocheon, Muhancheon and Gokgyocheon. The delivery rate and their characteristics of five major rivers during rainfall season are investigated. As th result, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorous (T-P) of total delivery rate are calculated by 0.40, 0.34 and 0.08, respectively. The delivery rate of T-P compares to other water quality is investigated relatively low. Looked at the overall characteristics of the watershed, the delivery rate of T-N and T-P is little change in the rate of the year, too. The delivery rate of T-N is calculated from 0.2 to 0.3 in the dry season, and from 0.31 to 0.39 in a flood, respectively. The delivery rate of T-P is calculated to more than 0.3 in the dry season, and 0.11 in a flood. It is similar values which the average annual delivery rate of T-P is 0.08. Therefore, the measured delivery rate of Sapkyo reservoir can be applicable such as a delivery rate of similar features of the terrain and land use.