• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.265-274
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• 2011

Nowadays, the importance of non-point source pollution treatment is being emphasized. Especially, the easy runoff characteristic of highly concentrated pollutants in the roads makes the circumstance more complicated due to impermeability of roads. When the pollutants flow into steam it could make water quality in stream worse and it also causes a bad influence in the aquatic ecosystem because the effluents of rainfall-runoff may contain indecomposable materials like oil and heavy metals. Therefore, we tried to figure out the property of non-point source pollution when it is raining and carried out an assessment for the property of runoff for non-point source pollution and EMC (Event Mean Concentrations) of the essential pollutants during this study. As the result of the study, the EMC was BOD 5.2~21.7 mg/L, COD 7.5~35.4 mg/L, TSS 71.5~466.1 mg/L, T-N 0.682~1.789 mg/L and T-P 0.174~0.378 mg/L, respectively. The decreasing rate of non-point pollutant in Chungyang-Hongsung road indicates the maximum decrease of 80% until 5 mm of rainfall based on SS concentration; by the rainy time within 20~30 minutes, the decreasing rate of SS concentration was shown as 88.0~97.6%. Therefore it was concluded that it seems to be possibly control non-point pollutants if we install equipments to treat non-point pollutants with holding capacity of 30 min. It is supposed that the result of this study could be used for non-point pollutants treatment of roads in Chungyang-Hongsung area. We also want to systematically study and consistently prepare the efficient management of runoff from non-point source pollution and pollutant loading because the characteristics of non-point source pollution runoff changes depending on different characteristics and situations of roads and rainfall.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.630-640
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• 2013

It is one of the most critical steps identifying impaired waterbodies exactly in the selection of target water quality indicators for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). Excess ratio and excess level were applied and analyzed by the stream zone basis in order to evaluate water impairment for Nakdong, Geum, Youngsan and Seomjin rivers. Each river basin was divided into stream zones in the light of its watershed and waterbody characteristics. Selected water quality parameters discussed in this study were pH, DO, BOD, COD, SS, T-P, T-Coli and F-Coli. The excess ratios of the water quality parameters were used to discriminate water bodies that did not meet water quality standards. The excess levels were used to classify the degradation of water quality. The excess ratios and the excess levels to the water quality criteria of the medium influence areas were used for each stream zone. The results indicate that the excess ratios and the excess levels are varied on the stream zone in each river basin. Three parameters, pH, DO and SS, met water quality standards in all stream zones. The other five parameters indicated very high excess ratios in most waterbodies, and especially T-P and T-Coli revealed to be very high excess levels in some waterbodies. These parameters could be considered as major target indicators for the management of TMDLs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2008

Water resource can be examined using biological sensors. Algae has been one of the biological sensors used to evaluate and to monitor the water pollution. The monitoring system, however, has not been used to determine what kind of the toxicological substance is in the water. It needs additional expensive chemical test to figure out the cause of the water pollution. In this study, an endeavor is made to identify the toxicant in the water using the shape of the chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve(FIC) from algae using monitoring system. Fundamental curves are obtained from the experiments with specified amount of toxicant. Baysian method is utilized to determine the unknown toxicant in the water by comparing it with the fundamental curves. The results shows that the proposed method works fairly well.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 1998

The low-pollution dyeing condition and dyeing method suitable for the silk fiber were investigated. Instead of surfactants, water-soluble polymers and electrolytes were added as auxiliary agents in the new process of dyeing. By the new method, the level dyeing and sufficient exhaustion were achieved. The K/S values of silk fabrics were little different among electrolytes added in the dye-bath.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.89
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• pp.37-45
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• 2008

If a cave is developed and opened to the public, the pollution in caves is inevitable. This kind of environmental pollution is caused by an environmental pollution system that is formed by the interaction among various pollution factors, not by a single factor. The main causes of the pollution are the development of passage, installation of lamps, tourists, oxidation of fixtures, temperature rise and littering, which in turn causes environmental pollution such as green and black mold growth, vatting, exfoliation and water pollution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 2013

Anyang Stream Restoration Movement was started from 2001 for the construction of ecological city. The facilities for reuse of treated sewerage have been used since 2003 for improvement of water quality, maintenance of water quantity, river ecological restoration, and hydrophilic space. Thus, the Anyang city has been gradually transformed to eco-friendly city after the construction of Anyang stream and Hakui stream as natural rivers. In this study, biological and chemical methods as well as ecological indicators for Anyang mainstream and major tributaries were monitored for four years in between 2008 and 2012. The water quality and the diversity of species in most of the streams were found to be good except Anyang main stream. It appears that the influence of seasonal drying stream is almost disappeared except Sammak stream. Thus, the values for BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and BIP (Biological Index of Pollution) for Anyang main stream were found to be 5.27~3.42mg/l and 4.51~5.50, respectively. This is considered to be caused by the reused water quality of treated wastewater being exceeded the design criteria or by the non-point source of contaminants around the stream. However, entire section of tributaries shows I, II grade as a good water quality.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.501-510
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• 2011

In this study, water pollution sources of 14 major tributaries of Han river and characteristics of water quality for each target streams were evaluated based on water quality data in 2007.1-2009.12 (14 data sets) using a statistical package, SPSS-17.0. Cluster analysis over time and space for each stream resulted in 4 groups for the spatial variations in which type and density of pollution sources in the basins showed the greatest impact on grouping. Moreover, cluster analysis for the time variation in which rainfall, temperature and eutrophication were shown to contribute to the clustering, produced 2 groups, from summer to fall (July-Oct.) and from winter to early summer (Nov.-June). Four factors were found as responsible for the data structure explaining 71-90% of the total variance of the data set depending on the streams and they were organic matter, nutrients, bacterial contamination. Factor analysis showed main factors (water pollutants) changed according to the season with different pattern for each stream. This study demonstrated that water quality of each stream could produce useful outcomes when factor and pollution source of basin were evaluated together.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.451-460
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• 2019

Thin film composite membranes incorporated with nano-sized hydrophilic zeolite -A were successfully prepared via interfacial polymerization (IP) on porous blend PES/PAN support for water desalination. The thin film nanocomposite membranes were characterized by SEM, contact angle and performance test with 7000 ppm NaCl solution at 7bar. The results showed that the optimum zeolite loading amount was determined to be 0.1wt% with permeate flux 29LMH.NaCl rejection was improved from 69% to 92% compared to the pristine polyamide membrane where the modified PA surface was more selective than that of the pristine PA. In addition, there was no significant change in the permeate flux of the thin film nanocomposite membrane compared with that of the pristine PA in spite of the formation of the dense polyamide layer. The stability of the polyamide layer was investigated for 15 days and the optimized membrane presented the highest durability and stability.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 2007

Distribution of fecal pollution indicator bacteria and environmental parameter were investigated of urban artificial lakes. An average concentration of temperature, pH, SS, DO, $COD_{Mn}$, T-P, T-N, Turbidity, Chl-a were $21.5^{\circ}C$, 8.07, 116.70 mg/l, 8.66 mg/l, 2.24 mg/1, 0.52 mg/l, 1.71mg/l, 80.54 NTU, and 52.12 mg/l respectively. From the results of bivariate correlation analysis, fecal contamination indicator bacteria were found to be mutually correlated. And turbidity and suspended solid were correlated. From the results of principal component analysis, four factors were extracted. And four factors of variance explained up to 81.5 percentage. Factor 1 was pollution pattern by fecal contamination, factor 2 was physical pollution pattern by pollution source, factor 3 was natural pollution by precipitation, and factor 4 was artificial pollution pattern by organism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.39-44
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• 2002

In order to study the change of pollution loads flowing into Mokpo harbour after the operation of Mokpo Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant (MMSTP) and to evaluate the contribution of MMSTP operation to the improvement of marine water quality of Mokpo harbour, the pollution loads flowing into Mokpo harbour from land in dry weather were surveyed and estimated on the bases of the seasonal flow rates and the seasonal water qualities of streams and effluents located around Mokpo harbour from summer, 1997 to spring, 1998 before the operation of MMSTP, and the pollution loads of the inflow and the effluent of MMSTP were also surveyed and estimated from winter, 1998 to spring, 1999 after the operation of MMSTP. The treatment rates of MMSTP were shown to be about 49% in COD, 76% in TSS, 79% in VSS, 3% in T-N, 7% in DIP, 29% in T-P and -32% in DIN. The change rates of pollution loads flowing into the inner harbour of Mokpo due to the operation of MMSTP were shown to be about 56% In COD, 78% in TSS, 84% in VSS, 45% in DIN, 22% in T-N, 34% in T-P and -14% in DIP. The contribution rates of MMSTP operation to the reduction of total pollution loads flowing into the entire Mokpo harbour were found to be about 3% in COD, 3% in 755,5% in VSS,1% in DIP, 3% in T-P and -1% in DIN.