• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2022.05a
• /
• pp.458-458
• /
• 2022

It is essential to reduce global carbon emissions, mainly from energy use. The water supply and distribution sector is a vital part of human society and is one of the primary energy consumers. The procurement and distribution of water require electricity to operate the pump to deliver water to users with sufficient pressure. As the water users are spatially distributed over a wide area, the energy required to deliver water to each user differs depending on the corresponding supplying element (reservoir, tank, pipe, pump, and valve). This difference in energy required for each user also comes with a difference in pressure availability which affects the level of service for individual users and the whole network. Typically, there is a disproportion where users close to the source experience excessively high pressure with low energy consumption. In contrast, remote users need more energy to get the minimum pressure. This study proposes the Energy Return Index (ERI) to quantify the pressure return from particular energy consumption to supply water to each node. The disproportionality can be quantified and identified in the network using the proposed ERI. The index can be applied to optimize the network elements such as pump operation and tank location/size to reach a balanced energy consumption with the appropriate level of service.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.55-72
• /
• 2003

Dam is a barrier constructed to divert, hold water and raise its level for purpose of water supply, irrigation, power generation, flood control, and recreational facilities, etc. Therefore, there are many inevitable environmental impacts on dam construction. We need some better tools to predict the impacts and mitigate measures before and after dam construction. For this purpose I discussed several feasible suggestions and provisions mainly related to environmental impact assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2012

Every year in Europe, soils covering an area larger than the city of Berlin are lost to urban sprawl and transport infrastructure. Soil sealing causes an irreversible loss of the biological functions of soil. As water can neither infiltrate nor evaporate, water runoff increases, sometimes leading to catastrophic floods. Landscapes are fragmented and habitats become too small or too isolated to support certain species. In addition, the food production potential of land is lost forever. There is an urgent need to use this valuable resource more wisely, in order to secure its many vital services for future generations. The EU faces new territorial challenges.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.175-177
• /
• 2003

To monitor riparian wetlands as one of complex natural ecosystems using remotely sensed data, we need to concurrently consider vegetation, soil and water which constitute complicated wetland ecosystems. To identify riparian distribution we adopted linear Spectral Mixture Analysis in order to improve identification accuracy of riparian areas. This study has indicated that linear SMA adopting tasseled cap endmember selection is an enhanced routine for Identification of riparian wetlands and phenologically autumn imagery is more appropriate to detect riparian vegetation in the Paldang water catchment area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.395-407
• /
• 2007

Disinfection by-products(DBPs) are formed through the reaction between chlorine and natural organic matter(NOM) in water treatment. For reducing the formation of chlorinated DBPs in the drinking water treatment, there is a need to evaluate the behavior of NOM fractions and the occurrence of DBPs for each fraction. Among the six fractions of NOM, the removal of HPOA and HPIN got accomplished through coagulation and sedimentation processes. Advanced water treatment processes were found to be most significant to remove the HPOA and HPON. It was found that HPOA made the most THMFP level than any other fractions and HPIA and HPOA formed higher HAAFP. The fraction of NOM with MW less than 1k Da was 32.5~54.3% in intake raw water. Mostly the organic matter with MW more than 1k Da was removed through coagulation and sedimentation in the drinking water treatment processes. In case of advanced water treatment processes, the organic matter with MW 1k~100k Da decreased by means of ozone oxidation for high molecular weight substances. As the result low molecular organic matter increased. In the BAC and GAC processes, the organic matter with MW less than 100k Da decreased.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.365-375
• /
• 2009

Agriculture reservoirs need a systematic approach that can control water purity and water improvement. The area under study, Bunam Lake exceeds the agricultural water standard level due to contamination from the upper stream. When the Taean Enterprise City was planned, the water quality improvement plan was applied to minimize the environmental change. However, in order to continuously maintain the water quality in the Bunam Lake, it was essential to apply the Total Pollution Load Management System (TPLMs). In order to achieve the targeted water quality in the Bunam Lake, standard flow rates and targeted water quality levels were applied to obtain the loading capacity which is as follows : BOD 1,891.2 kg/d, T-N 1,945.7 kg/d, T-P 131.7 kg/d. Also, the regional development load was calculated as, BOD 1,083.6 kg/d, T-N 942.2 kg/d, T-P 61.8 kg/d, which is required to be deceased :- by BOD 378.4 kg/d, T-N 198.9 kg/d, T-P 31.6 kg/d in order to safely achieve the targeted water quality in the Bunam Lake.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.148-151
• /
• 2016

BACKGROUND: There are few studies on the impacts of hydrophytes on water quality, so there is a need to research the effects of death of hydrophytes on the worsening of water quality. This study aimed to monitor the effects of Trapa japonica death on reservoir water quality.METHODS AND RESULTS: T.japonica shows the life cycle that highest growth in summer and rapid death in fall decomposing their body in general. T.japonica contains comparatively large portion of nutrients and minerals. Through the field survey using Mesocosm to identify the effects of excessive population of T.japonica on water quality, the water quality of plots planted T.japonica is gradually worse compared with the control plot. And the result of Wilcoxon-test also shows that the negative effect of T.japonica on water quality with significant (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: It is necessary to control the population growth of T.japonica in order to prevention of water pollution in fall.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.17 no.9
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2016

Being mostly made up of highly permeable basalt and volcanic ash soil, Jeju Island's lithosphere characterizes its streams to be dry, flowing only when precipitation is happening. Under this condition, this research was motivated to identify the need of conservation of underground water, which is taking up most of (84% of) Jeju's water usage, and made an attempt to reduce the permeability of stream beds so that it can replace underground water and be used instead. To this end, this study suggested a simple method to make dry streams to carry water all-year-round by reducing permeability of stream floor. The experiment of permeability was performed on the porous basalt and compared it with that of same basalt with volcanic ash soil and Jumunjin sand layer added on top. The results showed a dramatic decrease in permeability of water when both volcanic ash soil and Jumunjin sand is were layered on top of porous basalt. Despite being gained in a controlled environment with a simple test, this result may provide a realistic and effective method of preserving Jeju Island's underground water which ultimately is a method of resolving water related issues.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.8 no.3 s.29
• /
• pp.115-127
• /
• 2006

The purpose of field monitoring system in KHC-Test Road is to provide the performance data for environmental loadings from pavement surface. Among them, water content reflectometer(WCR) are used for measuring the volumetric water content of pavement subgrades. However, WCRs are not well-calibrated based on the local field conditions. A need therefore exists for improving equations for predicting water content using the proper field and laboratory calibrations. Based on the study performed, calibrations based on various soil characteristics and density conditions are well fitted to the data from fields. So, it is recommended to use the suggested general calibration of WCR to the compacted subgrade soils in test road for predicting the volumetric water content.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.313-318
• /
• 2015

To study the influence of changes in river discharge on water quality of the main stem of the Geum River, we investigated variation of inflow load from tributaries with river discharge. We also studied the mixing behavior of pollutants during mixing of waters of the main stem and Gap Stream. For this study, we collected water quality data such as suspended solids (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) representing pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon events of 2013 from a website of Water Information System. Based on inflow load, the Gap and Miho streams may be ones of tributaries which may largely influence water quality of main stem in upper river region. The Suksung and Nonsan Streams seemed to further affect water quality downstream. Results of modified EMMA indicated SS and TP may have another source(besides Gap Stream) at pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon period. In contrast, TN and organic matter (BOD, COD, TOC) were conservative at pre-monsoon and post-monsoon. However, when river discharge increased, these pollutants may also came from unspecified non-point sources. Therefore, we need to attempt to find non-point sources for the pollutants in the main channel of upper Geum River region.