• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2021

최근 기후변화로 인해 국내 저수지 중 가장 큰 개소수를 차지하고 있는 농업용 저수지의 안정적인 용수공급이 중요해지고 있다. 그러나 현재 사용하고 있는 농업용 저수지의 유입량 산정모형인 DIROM 모형은 매개변수 산정을 위해 1980년대에 개발된 회귀식을 현재까지 사용하고 있다. 우리나라의 강우 및 유출 특성이 변화함에 따라 본 연구에서는 최근 수문자료 관측을 시작한 일부 농업용 저수지를 대상으로 실측 수문자료 및 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 DIROM 모형의 매개변수를 최적화하고, 그 결과를 평가하고자 하였다. 그 결과 기존의 매개변수를 적용한 결과에 비하여 최적 매개변수를 적용하였을 때 실측 유입량과의 차이가 약 80% 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 평균적으로 상관계수는 0.64로 증가하였고, 평균제곱근오차는 28.2 × 103 ㎥로 감소하였다. 최적 매개변수를 사용하여 장기유출모의를 하는 것이 실측 유입량에 좀 더 근접하게 모의 할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과 장기적으로 관측된 실측 수문자료를 활용하게 된다면 좀 더 정확도 높은 유입량을 모의할 수 있으며, 미계측 농업용 저수지에서의 안정적인 용수공급 분석에 도움이 될 것이라 판단된다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.655-661
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• 2005

For a hydro power plant project, the headrace tunnel having a finished diameter of 3.3m was constructed in volcanic rocks with well-developed vertical joint and high groundwater table. The intake facility was located 20.3 km upstream of the powerhouse and headrace tunnel of 20 km in length and penstock of 440 m in height connected the intake and the powerhouse. The typical caldera lake, Lake Toba set the geology at the site; the caving of the ground caused tension cracks in the vertical direction to be developed and initial stresses at the ground to be released. High groundwater table(the maximum head of 20 bar) in the area of well-connected vertical joints delayed the progress of tunnel excavation severely due to the excessive inflow of groundwater. The excavation of tunnel was made using open-shield type TBM and mucking cars on the rail. High volume of water inflow raised the water level inside tunnel to 70 cm, 17% of tunnel diameter (3.9 m) and hindered the mucking of spoil under water. To improve the productivity, several adjustments such as modification of TBM and mucking cars and increase in the number of submersible pumps were made for the excavation of severe water inflow zone. Since the ground condition encountered during excavation turned out to be much worse, it was decided to adopt PC segment lining instead of RC lining. Besides, depending on the conditions of the water inflow, rock mass condition and internal water pressure, one of the invert PC segment lining with in-situ RC lining, RC lining and steel lining was applied to meet the site specific condition. With the adoption of PC segment lining, modification of TBM and other improvement, the excavation of the tunnel under severe groundwater condition was successfully completed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.771-778
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• 2010

The prediction of discharge is very important in water resources management and plan. In this study, we have analyzed discharge data of site at up and down stream in watershed. In order to forecast discharge the regression equations were developed by measuring flow data. Also, to forecast the change of water quality followed by change of inflow the correlation relationship between inflow of the Youngchun site and the Chunhju dam was shown as very high. The forecast of inflow at the Chungju dam would be possible through flow analysis of the Youngchun site. And, it is possible to forecast water quality by flow analysis because the correlation relationship of SS and turbidity followed by change of flow for each station of investigation was very high.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.461-469
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• 2022

유역의 수자원 수급계획 시 중요하게 사용되는 댐 유입량은 자료의 신뢰성을 확보하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 하지만 단순 물수지법에 의해 산정되는 댐 유입량은 음유입량이 다수 발생하고, 댐 방류량 이외의 유출량을 생략함으로써 실제 유입량 특성을 반영하지 못한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여, 물수지에서의 유출량 중 고려 가능한 증발량을 고려하여 물수지 개선식을 제시하였다. 소양강댐을 대상으로 재평가된 댐유입량 시계열에서 음유입량의 발생비율이 감소하고, 자료 생산주기별 유입량의 체적은 일관성을 확보하였다. 이외에도 소양강댐 유역에서의 가용수 자원 특성을 검토한 결과, 인간적 측면에서의 직접적인 사용이 약 60%이고, 자연적 측면에서의 간접적 사용이 약 40%인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 가뭄해에는 전체 수자원의 총량 중 간접적인 수자원 이용의 비중이 증가하는 것이 확인되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2013

HSPF model based on BASINS was applied to analyze effects of watershed management measures for water quality conservation in the Hwaseong Reservoir watershed. The model was calibrated against the field measurements of meteorological data, streamflow and water qualities ($BOD_5$, T-N, T-P) at each observatory for 4 years (2007-2010). The water quality characteristics of inflow streams were evaluated. The 4 scenarios for the water quality improvement were applied to inflow streams and critical area from water pollution based on previous researches. The reduction efficiency of point and non-point sources in inflow streams was evaluated with each scenario. The results demonstrate that the expansion of advanced treatment system within wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and construction of pond-wetlands would be great effective management measures. In order to satisfactory the target water quality of reservoir, the measures which can control both point source and non-point source pollutants should be implemented in the watershed.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.155-171
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• 2023

Aiming at the grouting treatment of water inflow in karst conduits, a visualized experiment system for conduit-type grouting blocking was developed. Through the improved water supply system and grouting system, and the optimized multisource information monitoring system, the real-time observation of diffusion and deposition of slurry, and the data acquisition of pressure and velocity during the whole process of grouting were realized, which breaks through the problem that the monitoring element is easy to fail due to slurry adhesion in conventional test system. Based on the grouting experiments in static and flowing water, the diffusion and deposition behavior of the quick-setting slurry under different working conditions were analyzed. The temporal and spatial variation behavior of the pressure and velocity were studied, and the blocking mechanism of the grouting were further revealed. The results showed that: (1) Under the flowing water condition, the counter-flow diffusion distance of slurry was negatively correlated with the flow water velocity and the volume ratio of cement and sodium silicate (C-S ratio), and positively correlated with the grouting volume. The slurry deposition thickness was negatively correlated with the flowing water velocity, and positively correlated with the grouting volume and C-S ratio. (2) The pressure increased slowly before blocking of the flowing water and rapidly after blocking in karst conduits. (3) With the continuous progress of grouting, the flowing water velocity decreased slowly first, then significantly, and finally tended to be stable. According to the research results, some engineering recommendations were put forward for the grouting treatment of the conduit-type water inflow disaster, which has been successfully applied in the treatment project of the China Resources Cement (Pingnan) Limestone Mine. This study provided some guidance and reference for the parameter optimization of grouting for the treatment projects of water inflow in karst conduits.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2021

효율적인 댐 운영을 위해서는 높은 신뢰도를 기반으로 하는 유입량 예측이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 최근 다양한 분야에서 사용되고 있는 데이터 기반의 예측 방법 중 하나인 딥러닝을 댐 유입량 예측에 활용하였다. 그 중 시계열 자료 예측에 높은 성능을 보이는 Sequence-to-Sequence 구조기반의 Long Short-Term Memory 딥러닝 모형(LSTM-s2s)을 이용하여 소양강 댐의 유입량을 예측하였다. 모형의 예측 성능을 평가하기 위해 상관계수, Nash-Sutcliffe 효율계수, 평균편차비율, 그리고 첨두값 오차를 이용하였다. 그 결과, LSTM-s2s 모형은 댐 유입량 예측에 대한 높은 정확도를 보였으며, 단일 유량 수문곡선 기반의 예측 성능에서도 높은 신뢰도를 보였다. 이를 통해 홍수기와 이수기에 수자원 관리를 위한 효율적인 댐 운영에 딥러닝 모형의 적용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.531-537
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• 2012

The information about the physicochemical environments, the species distribution and community of the epilithic diatom cells in Pyengchang river and inflow streams of Gangwon-do were studied for assessment of biological water quality from June 2008 to October 2010. Total 112 diatom taxa were identified with 2 orders, 9 families, 26 genera, 95 species and 17 varieties. Among the total taxa identified, 13 taxa, 52 taxa and 15 taxa represented the family Achnanthaceae, Naviculaceae and Bacillariaceae, respectively. The pH values of the water was found to be neutral to alkaline due to the limestone grounds of Pyengchang river and inflow streams. The 13 taxa including Epithemia adnata, belonged to alkaline-water diatoms, and three species - Cymbella japonica, Eunotia major and Fragilaria capitellata - are known to be acidic-water species. The species, Hannaea arcus, known as a cryophilic and mountain periphyton was identified at IF2, IF3 and IF4 in low water temperature environments at high altitudes, being a dominating species in P1 and IF1. Four saproxenous species - Achnanthes convergens, Cocconeis placentula var. lineata, Cymbella turgidula and Hannaea arcus - were dominant at some sampling sites. For biological water quality assessment, IF2, IF3 and P3 showed low water quality class. The values of DAIpo and TDI were 10.6 ~ 98.0 and 13.8 ~ 94.2, respectively. Therefore, biological water quality in Pyengchang river and inflow streams was relatively desirable.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.615-624
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• 2004

The distribution pattern of water quality parameters and phytoplankton biomass in upper inflow rivers of lake Paldang had surveyed. In North-Han river system, nutrient concentrations and algal biomass was below the standard of mesoand oligotrophy from lake Soyang to lake Paldang, maintaining good water quality, except the N5 site located near the Chuncheon-Si, showing high nutrients concentrations and algal biomass. The algal biomass of the South-Han river system showed oligotrophic level in the upstream near the lake Chungju, and increased along the flow direction showing eutrophic level in the downstream within the lake Paldang area. On the other hand, the highest concentrations of nutrients were detected in the middle stream near the Yeoju-Si and Yangpyung-Gun rather than in the downstream suggesting algal biomass in lake Paldang would not come from the upper river area but come from the growth within the lake area using nutrients from the upper inflow river.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.763-774
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• 2023

도시 하류의 가용수량과 관련된 생활용수 회귀수량은 아직까지 정확한 회귀수량 파악이 어려운 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 생활용수 물순환시스템을 면(面)적 개념으로 물 유입, 물 전달, 물 유출 단계로 정의하였다. 대상지는 전라남도 함평군 일대로 선정했으며 물순환계통도 작성 및 완전·불완전 계측지점의 분류를 통해 단일 유입~단일 유출지점으로 설정하였다. 총 6년(2017년 1월 1일~2022년 12월 31일)간 일단위의 유입량·유출량 자료로 시계열예측모형(ARIMA 모형, 전이함수모형)을 구축하였고 학습기간과 검증기간으로 분리하여 유입량·유출량을 예측하였다. 그 결과, 두 모형 모두 안정적인 잔차와 통계적 유의성 확보로 단기 예측 실현 가능성을 보여 초기 단계의 물순환시스템을 구현하였다. 향후에는 불완전 계측지점, 미계측지점, 기상조건을 추가하고 최적의 모형을 선정하여 대상 유역의 실제 회귀량을 예측하고 효율적인 물 운영이 가능하길 기대해본다.