• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 고려인삼학회 1988년도 학술대회지
• /
• pp.70-76
• /
• 1988

고래로 부터 인삼이 익기보강에 관련이 있다는 기록이 한의서에 기록되어 내려온다. 그래서 우리들은 기부족 증상에 대한 인삼의 치료효과를 평가하였다. 중국의과대학 한방내과에서 기부족치료환자 18명에 대해 실험하였다. 그 환자들에게 고려홍삼분말 2g을 1일 3회씩 2주간 계속 투약하였다. 결과의 평가를 위해 질문서와 맥파계에 의한 진단이 투약 전후에 신중히 이루어졌다. 대조군으로 5일이상 절식한 14명의 자원자에 대해 같은 평가를 하였는데 그 중 7명은 고려인삼을 섭취하였고, 나머지 7명은 물만 섭취하였다. 인삼투여군에서 3가지 결과가 관찰되었다. 하나는 피곤, 무력감과 같은 기부족 증상이 개선되었으며, 두번째는 시간에 따른 맥파의 변화로 P-파의 변화, 중복맥박 및 확장기 말기의 몇몇 미세한 파들이 강화 되었다. 세째는 주파수에서의 효과로 데시벨 진폭이 12Hz까지 증가되었다. 이와같은 세가지의 현상들은 서로 잘 일치되었다. 이 세가지 결과들은 한의학에서 말하는 "심장비장의 기"에 대한 효과 증강을 의미한다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2022

Purpose: To determine the effect of zinc deficiency on fecal protein, electrolyte, and short-chain fatty acid levels in both heat-stable (ST) and heat-labile (LT) enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced diarrhea in rats. Methods: Albino rats, weighing 100 to 150 g, were divided into 2 groups, with 15 animals each: non-zinc and zinc-deficient. These two groups were sub-divided into three sub-groups with five rats each: control (saline); LT-ETEC; and ST-ETEC. Sodium phytate (30 mmol/L) was added to the animals' water to induce zinc deficiency, while diarrhea was induced using 5×10⁹ ETEC cells/mL. Fecal protein levels were estimated using the Bradford method, while sodium and potassium levels were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Short-chain fatty acids were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Among the non-zinc and zinc-deficient groups, there were significant increases (p=0.04), (p=0.03) in fecal protein concentrations (mg/mL) in the LT-ETEC- (4.50±0.33), (6.50±0.26) and ST-ETEC- (3.85±0.19), (5.98±0.32) induced groups compared to the control groups (2.60±0.52), (3.50±0.11) respectively. Fecal sodium and potassium levels (mg/L) were significantly (p=0.029) increased in non-zinc-deficient rats induced with LT-ETEC (9.35±0.95, 1.05±0.48), and ST-ETEC (9.96±1.02, 1.21±0.45) compared with the control group (8.07±0.44, 0.47±0.17) but the increase were not statistically significant (p=0.059) in the zinc deficient rat groups. Fecal acetate and propionate levels (mg/g) significantly (p=0.032) increased when induced with LT-ETEC and ST-ETEC in non-zinc and zinc-deficient groups compared with the control groups. Conclusion: Zinc deficiency among rats with ETEC-induced diarrhea elevated fecal protein loss but may not have an effect on fecal sodium, potassium and short-chain fatty acid levels.

• 한국관개배수논문집
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.57-70
• /
• 2010

This study was performed to analyze the affect of water supply capacity followed by allocating flood control volume in heightening reservoir, of which Baekgog reservoir was selected as a case study in here. Baekgog reservoir is located in Jincheon county, Chungbuk province, of which full water level will be heightened from EL. 100. 1m to EL. 102.1m, and total storage from 21.75M $m^3$ to 26.67M $m^3$. Flood inflow with 200year frequency was estimated to 997 $m^3$/s in peak flow and 22.54M $m^3$ in total volume. Reservoir flood routing was conducted to determine flood limited water levels, which was determined to have scenarios such as EL 97-98-99m in periods of 6.21.-7.20., 7.21.-8.20., and 8.21.-9.20., respectively, EL 97-97-97m, EL 98-98-98m in present reservoir, and EL 99-100-101m, EL 99-99-99m, and EL 100-100-100m in heightened reservoir. Reservoir inflow was simulated by DAWAST model. Annual paddy irrigation requirement was estimated to 33.19M $m^3$ to 2,975ha. Instream flow was allocated to 0.14mm/d from October to April. Operation rule curve was drawn using inflow, irrigation and instream flow requirements data. In case of withdrawal limit reservoir operation using operation rule curve, reduction rates of annual irrigation supply before and after flood control by reservoir were 2.0~4.3% in present size and 1.5~3.6% in heightened size. Reliability on water supply was decreased from 77.3% to 63.6~68.2% in present size and from 81.6% to 72.7~79.5% in heightened size. And reduction rates of water storage at the end of year before and after flood control by reservoir were 7.3~16.5% in present size and 7.7~16.9% in heightened size. But water supplies were done without any water deficiency through withdrawal limit reservoir operation in spite of low flood regulating water level.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.52-60
• /
• 2004

In order to analysis of the water pollution of the Anyang stream(one of the biggest branch streams of the Han River) and its main tributaries, the geological and topographical and rainfall features in its basin were investigated. To do this, the water samples were collected 23 points of the upper, mid and down of Anyang stream and its tributaries and were analyzed based on the chemical methods, Korean Biotic Index(KBI) and Saprobien systems. The Anyang stream basin has a characteristic of topographical torrential heavy rainfall like a typical rainfall feature in Korea. The concentration and the outflow rate of rainfall is very different in seasonal, and water pollution in dry season is especially severe. After 1997, although the water quality status of stream has been improved gradually, the concentration of T-N and SS at the upstream is increased due to the deficiency of facility used for collecting wastewater released from industrial factories, livestock farms and residential areas. The mainstream of the Anyang stream is classified into the 5th grade water as polysaprobic water area according to Saprobien system and the biotic index is over 2.5 in overall. Most of tributaries have 1~3 grade water limit with ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-mesosaprobic except the upper and mid streams of Samsung tributary, in which pollution status is the lowest part. Though Sambong tributary is ${\alpha}$-mesosaproboic, biotic index is low because of the appearance of abundant benthos animals in farming and fishing villages.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.315-325
• /
• 2011

공유하천에서 수문지형학적으로 비대칭일때 상류에 위치한 국가가 하류에 위치한 국가의 물이용을 제한할 경우, 현실적으로 이를 해결할 강제적 수단이 없다. 북한은 이런 점을 이용하여 북한강 상류에 임남댐을 건설하고 수력발전을 위해 유역변경식으로 물을 이용하고 있다. 이에 따라 하류국가인 남한지역에서는 용수부족과 건천화 등 많은 문제점이 나타나고 있다. 따라서 하류지역의 용수보장 및 하천기능유지를 위한 수리권 배분과 같은 근본적인 문제해결이 절실히 요구되는 상황이다. 본 연구는 남북공유하천의 특수한 상황과 수문지형학적 비대칭 문제를 인식하고 상 하류 국가간 공정한 물 배분을 위한 대안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국제공유하천에서 적용된 자연유량분배법칙 등 기존 사례를 검토하여 적정 수리권추정에 활용하였다. 적용결과, 임남댐지점에서 하천기능유지를 위한기준갈수량은 $7.3m^3/s$ (230백만 $m^3$/년)이 흘러야 하는 것으로 나타났고, 국경선을 기준으로 자연유량을 50:50으로 배분할 경우 임남댐에 의한 용수공급 부족량은 $3.7m^3/s$ (103백만 $m^3$/년)로 계산되었다. 임남댐 건설전과 후의 한강수계 용수공급 부족량은 $11.38m^3/s$ (359백만 $m^3$/년)로 계산되었다. 따라서 용수이용의 기본권 및 하천기능유지를 위하여 하류국가인 남한은 북한의 임남댐으로부터 최소 $11.38m^3/s$ (359백만 $m^3$/년)를 수리권으로 보장받아야 할 것으로 추정되었다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.109-124
• /
• 2014

남극 아문젠해의 탄소순환을 이해하기 위해서 표층에서 심층으로의 입자상 유기탄소 침강플럭스를 ${\psi}$/${\psi}$ 비평형법을 이용하여 추정하였다. 2012년 2월과 3월에 걸쳐 남극 아문젠해의 총 14개 정점에서 깊이별로 해수시료를 채취하였고, 총 ${\psi}$, 용존 ${\psi}$ 및 입자상 유기탄소를 분석하였다. 수심에 따라 총 ${\psi}$의 활동도 농도는 ${\psi}$에 비하여 결핍과 과잉을 나타내었다. 유광대에서 총 ${\psi}$의 결핍 정도는 엽록소 및 형광도와 거울상을 나타내고, 질산염 제거와 수반되어 나타나므로 생물 활동의 영향으로 파악되었다. 심층에서 일어나는 총 ${\psi}$ 결핍은 Fe/Mn 산화물에 의해 이루어지는 것으로 해석되었다. 유광대 바로 아래의 수층에서 나타나는 총 ${\psi}$ 과잉은 재광물화 작용보다는 이 깊이에 집적된 입자상 ${\psi}$에 기인하였다. 정상상태 모델로 추정한 ${\psi}$의 침강플럭스는 평균 $867{\pm}246dpmm^{-2}day^{-1}$이었으며, 유광대에서 질소와 인의 결핍 총량과 밀접한 관련성을 보였다. 입자상 유기탄소와 ${\psi}$의 비율($7.08{\pm}4.27{\mu}molCdpm^{-1}$)을 이용하여 추정한 입자상 유기탄소의 침강플럭스는 평균 $5.9{\pm}3.9mmolCm^{-2}day^{-1}$으로 나타났는데 이 값은 2-3월의 웨델해와 유사한 수준이었다. 입자상 유기탄소 플럭스와 일차생산력의 비율로 나타낸 생물 펌프의 효율(ThE)은 3-54%(평균 28%) 범위였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.665-672
• /
• 2014

Elemental cellular stoichiometry of natural phytoplankton communities was examined in six large dam reservoirs in the Han River system. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of the phytoplankton-dominated seston from Lake Soyang was higher than that from other lakes. Phosphorus (P) content showed slight variations among six lakes in the range of $0.04{\sim}0.18{\mu}mol$ P mg $DW^{-1}$. The phosphorus concentrations of lake water showed obvious positive relationship with P and C contents of the phytoplankton-dominated seston. In all six lakes, N:P ratios and C:P ratios in the phytoplankton-dominated seston were more than 23 and 133 respectively, indicating the phytoplankton communities in six lakes have been exposed in phosphorus limited condition. The relative abundance of diatoms showed significant negative correlation with C, N, P contents of the phytoplankton-dominated seston and that of cyanobacteria showed significant positive correlation. Elemental stoichiometry of diatoms-dominated seston showed distinctive less content than that of cyanobacteria-dominated seston. The cellular N:P ratios of diatoms- and cyanobacteria-dominated seston indicate that both main classes of phytoplankton in six lakes are in phosphorus deficiency. Elemental stoichiometry of the phytoplankton-dominated seston in this study could be used for the further ecological stoichiometric studies in six lakes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.113-121
• /
• 1988

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary zinc on immune response in mice. Weanling male mice was placed individually in stainless steel cages and fed a zinc dificient diet and control diet. All mice were given deionized water ad libitum. The introduction of extraneous zinc was minimized in all cage by washing feed jars and water bottles sequentially with 4mM EDTA and conc-nitiric acid followed by deionized water. After 4 and 5 weeks of the diets, mice were immunized with lx 106 Naegleria fowleri intraperitoneally. Mice were weighed once a week. The results from this study are summarized as followed ; 1) Mice fed the zinc dificient diet showed growth retardation. After 3 weeks of diets, mean body weight of zinc deficient mice was 21.4g and that of control was 25.0g. This difference is singnificant statistically (p<0.01). The more time passed, the more remarkable difference was found. 2) The weigth of organs were measured on liver, kidney, spleen, thymus, heart, lung, brain. Difference in weight were observed only in liver and spleen. 3) Proliferative response of spleen cells of zinc deficient mice to con A was lower than that of control mice after one week on immunization(p<0.005). 4) Stimulation index was lower in zinc deficient mice to phytohemagglutinin after two weeks on immunization (p<0.05). 5) Blastogenesis of speen cells of zinc deficient mice to Naegleria fowleric lysate was lower after 10 days on immunization (p<0.05). 6) Immunoglobulin G antribody titers of zinc deficient mice sera by ELISA was lowered to control mice after 5 weeks on immunization (p<0.005).

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.61-71
• /
• 2011

Objectives : Kyungok-go(KOG), the first herbal formulation of donguibogam, has been used for treating of many symptoms of yin deficiency. In this study, we examined the effect of KOG on bone resorption. Methods : We determined the effects of water extract of KOG in RANKL(Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor ${\kappa}B$ Ligand)-induced osteoclast differentiation culture system and osteoblast proliferation. In addition, we determined the effects of water extract of ABR on LPS-induced bone-loss with mice. Results : Water extract of KOG showed proliferation effect on osteoblast without cytotoxicity and no effect on RANKL-treated osteoclast differentiation. KOG rescued bone erosion by LPS induction in vivo study. Conclusions : These results demonstrated that KOG can be a useful remedy for treating of bone-loss disease such as osteoporosis.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.572-582
• /
• 1994

To investigate water mass structure and DO(Dissolved Oxygen) distribution in Chinhae Bay, temperature, salinity and DO were observed in the bay in summer and winter from 1990 to 1993, and two-dimensional tidal current and parameter log($H/U^3$) were computed. Shallow water fronts in the bay were formed in summer in Kaduk channel and the central part of the bay having log($H/U^3$) values of $2.0{\sim}2.5$. Oxygen deficiency at the bottom layer in summer occurred in the western and northern part of the bay with weak tidal current, where the value of log($H/U^3$) was more than about 3.5 and $M_2$ tidal current was less than about 20 cm/s. DO concentration at the bottom layer of Kaduk channel and the central channel of the bay having the strong tidal current was more than about 3.5 mg/l. The isolines of DO concentration were nearly parallel to the isovelocity, and the concentrations correlated with the frontal location. The frontal location and DO distribution were influenced by tidal range, river inflow and meteorological conditions, and also correlated with bottom slope characteristics.