• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.120-145
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• 2001

현대사회는 흔히 '위험사회'로 개념화되며, 이러한 위험들 가운데 특히 환경적 위험은 심각하게 만연되어 있다고 하겠다. 환경적 위험을 안고 있는 환경위기는 전통적 사회에서 볼 수 있는 자연재해와는 달리, 그 발생 및 대응과정이 기술적 통제와 관련된다는 점에서 기술적 재해라고 할 수 있다. 그리고 환경위기는 정부와 시민사회의 대응의 한계로 인해 재발되는 경향이 있다. 이러한 점에서 환경적 위기의 발생과 그 대응과정은 현대 사회체제 속에 이미 내재되어 있으며, 특히 자본주의적 시장경제와 관련된 이윤 추구 및 비용절감, 관료주의적 대의정치와 관련된 권력집중화와 책임회피, 도구주의적 과학기술로 인한 과학적 지식에 대한 맹신과 불확실성, 그리고 개인주의적 생활양식과 관련된 배타적 대응과 수동성 등으로 특징지워 진다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 1991년 대구에서 발생한 페놀오염사고와 1998년 시드니에서 발생했던 물오염 위기를 사례로, 이러한 현대 사회의 4가지 기본 요인들에 의한 환경위기의 발생과 그 대응 과정에 관하여 고찰하고 있다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.146-164
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• 2001

이 논문은 특히 아시아-태평양 지역의 대도시들에서 상수원 정책의 지속가능성의 평가를 위한 연구 과제를 개관하고, 이에 근거하여 한국의 서울과 호주의 시드니 지역의 맑은 물 공급을 둘러싼 갈등을 공동 연구한 것이다. 우선, 아시아-태평양지역의 대도시 물 갈등에 관한 연구 과제가 소개될 것이다. 둘째, 도시의 맑은 물을 위한 갈등과 관련된 서술 및 분석을 위한 기본 틀이 제시될 것이다. 셋째, 맑은 물 갈등에 관한 분석틀에 기초하여 시드니 및 서울의 사례가 고찰될 것이다. 넷째, 끝으로 이 지역의 도시에서 맑은 물의 지속가능성을 위한 미래의 정책적 요구 사항들에 관한 예비적 제안들이 제시될 것이다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1997년도 추계 국제학술심포지움 논문집
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• pp.3-31
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• 1997

Water has always played a significant role in the lives of people. In urbanised Rome, with its million people. sophisticated supply systems developed and then fled with the empire. only to be rediscovered later But it was the industrial Revolution commencing in the eighteenth century that ushered in major paradigm shifts In use and altitudes towards water. Rapid and concentrated urbanisation brought problems of expanded demands for drinking supplies, waste management and disease. The strategy of using water from local streams, springs and village wells collapsed under the onslaughts of rising urban demands and pollution due to poor waste disposal practices. Expanding travel (railways. and steamships) aided the spread of disease. In England. public health crises peaks, related to water-borne typhoid and the three major cholera outbreaks occurred in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century respectively. Technological, engineering and institutional responses were successful in solving the public health problem. it is generally accepted that the putting of water into pipe networks both for a clean drinking supply, as well as using it as a transport medium for removal of human and other wastes, played a significant role in towering death rates due to waterborne diseases such as cholera and typhoid towards the end of the nineteenth century. Today, similar principles apply. A recent World Bank report Indicates that there can be upto 76％ reduction in illness when major water and sanitation improvements occur in developing countries. Water management, technology and thinking in Australia were relatively stable in the twentieth century up to the mid to late 1970s. Groundwater sources were investigated and developed for towns and agriculture. Dams were built, and pipe networks extended both for supply and waste water management. The management paradigms in Australia were essentially extensions of European strategies with the minor adaptions due to climate and hydrogeology. During the 1970s and 1980s in Australia, it was realised increasingly that a knowledge of groundwater and hydrogeological processes were critical to pollution prevention, the development of sound waste management and the problems of salinity. Many millions of dollars have been both saved and generated as a consequence. This is especially in relation to domestic waste management and the disposal of aluminium refinery waste in New South Wales. Major institutional changes in public sector water management are occurring in Australia. Upheveals and change have now reached ail states in Australia with various approaches being followed. Market thinking, corporatisation, privatisation, internationalisation, downsizing and environmental pressures are all playing their role in this paradigm shift. One casualty of this turmoil is the progressive erosion of the public sector skillbase and this may become a serious issue should a public health crisis occur such as a water borne disease. Such crises have arisen over recent times. A complete rethink of the urban water cycle is going on right now in Australia both at the State and Federal level. We are on the threshold of significant change in how we use and manage water, both as a supply and a waste transporter in Urban environments especially. Substantial replacement of the pipe system will be needed in 25 to 30 years time and this will cost billions of dollars. The competition for water between imgation needs and environmental requirements in Australia and overseas will continue to be an issue in rural areas. This will be especially heightened by the rising demand for irrigation produced food as the world's population grows. Rapid urbanisation and industrialisation in the emerging S.E Asian countries are currently producing considerable demands for water management skills and Infrastructure development. This trend e expected to grow. There are also severe water shortages in the Middle East to such an extent that wars may be fought over water issues. Environmental public health crises and shortages will help drive the trends.