• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.156-165
• /
• 2004

Concentrations of substrates, glucose, and ammionia in biological processes have been on-line monitored by using glucose-flow injection (FIA) and ammonia-FIA systems. Based on the on-line monitored data the concentrations of substrates have been controlled by an on-off controller, a PID controller, and a neural network (NN) based controller. A simulation program has been developed to test the control quality of each controller and to estimate the control parameters. The on-off controller often produced high oscillations at the set point due to its low robustness. The control quality of a PID controller could have been improved by a high analysis frequency and by a short residence time of sample in a FIA system. A NN-based controller with 3 layers has been developed, and a 3(input)-2(hidden)-1(output) network structure has been found to be optimal for the NN-based controller. The performance of the three controllers has been tested in a simulated process as well as in a cultivation process of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the performance has also been compared to simulation results. The NN-based controller with the 3-2-1 network structure was robust and stable against some disturbances, such as a sudden injection of distilled water into a biological process.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.1255-1262
• /
• 2012

현재 가동 중인 월성 원자력 발전의 핵연료 교체로봇 시스템을 살펴보면 핵연료 교환에 필요한 구동압력 제어를 위해 PI제어기를 사용한다. PI제어는 구조가 간단하고 이득 설정을 통해 시스템 요구조건에 만족하는 제어 성능을 낼 수 있지만 밸브와 관로 등의 파라미터 변화로부터 적절한 이득 변경 없이 안정한 제어가 힘들다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 PI제어기 이득을 동적으로 변경 하거나 PI제어기 출력을 보상하도록 제어기를 구성하는 것이 바람직하다. 본 연구개발의 목적은 파라미터 변화에도 안정한 제어가 가능하도록 제어기를 설계하여 오차와 진동현상을 줄이는데 있다. 제안한 PI/NN제어 기법은 PI제어기와 신경회로망 제어기를 병렬 결합한 구조로 신경회로망 제어기가 PI제어기 출력을 보상하여 파라미터 변화에 강인하도록 설계 하였다. 제어기의 성능평가를 위해 직접 실 공정에 테스트하기가 힘들기 때문에 공정의 특성을 반영하여 모델링한 시뮬레이터를 개발하였고, 시뮬레이션 결과를 실 공정데이터와 비교하여 공정 특성을 모사함을 보였으며, 파라미터 변화에 PI/NN제어기가 오차 및 진동현상을 줄이는 것을 확인 하였다. 또한, 실 공정에서 사용 중인 PI제어기를 주 제어기로 사용하면서 파라미터 변화에 대한 비선형성을 보상하는 제어기 역할을 하기 때문에 신경회로망을 단독으로 사용하였을 때 보다 더 신뢰성 있고 안정적인 제어가 가능하다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.102-110
• /
• 2001

In this work, the model predictive control method was applied to a linear model and a nonlinear model of steam generators. The parameters of a linear model for steam generators are very different according to the power levels. The model predictive controller was designed for the linear steam generator model at a fixed power level. The proposed controller at the fixed power level showed good performance for any other power levels by designed changing only the input-weighting factor. As the input-weighting factor usually increases, its relative stability does so. The steam generator has some nonlinear characteristics. Therefore, the proposed algorithm has been implemented for a nonlinear model of the nuclear steam generator to verify its real performance and also, showed good performance.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 1996

A pilot plant, which is simplified the hot water heating control system of a large scale residential building, is used to investigate the effects of control methods and operating conditions on the system performance and to compare control characteristics. Digital variable structure controller(DVSC) and digital PI controller are implemented to control the speed of the circulating pump for the pilot plant using PC. For the DVSC, a control algorithm is suggested, which using a nonlinear sliding surface and a PID sliding surface outside and inside of output error boundary layer, respectively. Smith predictor algorithm is used for the compensation of long dead time. The suggested DVSC yields improved control performance compared with existing DVSC using linear sliding surface only. the system responses with the suggested DVSC shows good responses without overshoot for various operating conditions and robust under external disturbances compared with digital PI controller.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제13권11호
• /
• pp.1072-1078
• /
• 2001

The real time optimal control algorithm of the DDC controller for chilled water and supply air temperature set-point of heating, ventilating, air-conditioning and refrigeration systems has been researched for minimization of the total power which is consumed by the chiller, chilled water pump and air handing unit fan. The study has been done by using TRNSYS program in order to analyze the central cooling system in terms of the environmental variables such as indoor cooling lead and wet-bulb temperature. This optimal control alogorithm saves more energy and is suitable for real time on-line control in comparison with conventional method.

• 대한전기학회논문지
• /
• 제34권12호
• /
• pp.491-497
• /
• 1985

An applicaton of the linear optimal control theory to the problem or load follow control in pressurized water reactors (PWR) is investigated. In order to perform the steady-state and load follow operation in PWR, a nonlinear model for the reactor and steam generator is derived and linearized at 50% rated power. Simulation tests are performed for 10% demanded load. Comparing the dynamic response of the newly developed optimal load follow controller with those of the integral error feedback controller proposed by Yang, the rise time of dynamic response of the former is about 15 seconds faster than those of the latter, thus the results indicate that the fast response of the optimal load follow controller is verified. The results of this work are directly applicable to the design of the load follow control systems for commercially operated PWRs.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
• /
• pp.359-359
• /
• 2000

Generally, level control in the steam generator of a nuclear power plant is difficulty process control, because the low power operating can lead nonminimum phase characteristics(swell and shrink phenomenon) and flow measurement are unreliable and nonlinear characteristics. This paper presents a framework for solving this problem based on the constrained linear model predictive control and introduces the design of method for the level of the controller in the entire operating power of the steam generator, and compares with conventional PI controller.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -3
• /
• pp.1479-1482
• /
• 2002

In this work, a recursive parameter estimation algorithm estimates the mathematical model of steam generators every time step and a receding horizon controller is designed by using this estimated linear steam generator model of which parameters change as time goes on. It was shown through application to a linear model of steam generator that the proposed controller has good performance.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제36권8호
• /
• pp.1097-1103
• /
• 2012

우리나라의 서남해안은 어류의 양식 어가가 많이 있다. 양식 어가의 양식장은 해수를 유입시켜 순환시키는 기본적인 특성에 기인하는 관계로 약간의 부주의 및 잘못된 설계는 양식어의 폐사에 까지 영향을 끼치며, 또한 어종별로 최적의 서식온도가 존재함이 이미 밝혀져 있으며 이러한 환경을 사계절에 무관하게 유지하기는 극히 힘든 일인 동시에 필수적 과제이다. 이 논문에서는 열의 기본 성질과 열전달 메커니즘에 대하여 연구하였고, 이를 바탕으로 일정한 격리된 공간에 열을 축적하기 위해 샌드위치 판넬 단열재를 이용하여 밑이 트인 단열 수조를 설계 및 제작을 하고 모의실험을 하였다. 이를 바탕으로 무한히 많은 물중에서 일정 구획을 단열재로 단열하고, 밑이 트인 단열 수조에 히터를 장치하여 국부적인 부분만 가열하여 일정온도를 유지하는 것이 가능함을 확인하였다. 또한 마이크로프로세서를 통하여 온도를 검출하기 위한 온도제어기를 제작하였으며, 일정한 온도 값을 유지하기 위한 AC 전력 제어기를 제작하여 히터의 발열량 제어가 가능한 시스템을 구현하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.623-630
• /
• 2001

The conventional control techniques based a mathematical model are not well suited for dealing with ill-defined and uncertain system like a linear quadratic control. Recently, fuzzy control has been successfully applied to a wide variety of practical problems such as robot, water purification, automatic train operation system etc. In this paper, a design technique of robust Fuzzy-LQ controller for each subsystem is designed. Secondly , all the subsystem controllers are combined by fuzzy weighted averaging method. Finally the effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified through a series of computer simulations for an inverted pole system.