• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.176-176
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• 2019

Thailand had issued a national strategic development master plan with issues related to water resources and water security in the entire water management. Water resources are an important factor of living and development of the country's socio-economy to be stable, prosperous and sustainable. Therefore, water management in both multidimensional and multi-sectoral systems is important and will supports socio-economic and environmental development. The direction of national development in accordance with the national strategic framework for 20 years that requires the country to level up security level in terms of water, energy and food. To response to the proposed goals, there is a subplan to increase water productivity of the entire water system for economical development use by evaluating use value and to create more value added from water use to meet international standard level. This study aims to evaluate the water productivity of Thailand in each basin and all sectors such as agricultural sector, service and industrial sectors by using the water use data from water account analysis and GDP data from NESDB during the past 10 years (1996-2015). The comparison of water productivity with other countries will also be conducted and in addition, the measures to improve water productivity in next 20 years will be explored to response to the National Strategic Master Plan goals. Water productivity is defined as output per unit of water depleted. The simplest way to compare water productivity across different enterprises is in monetary terms. World Bank presents water productivity as an indication of the efficiency by which each country uses its water resources. There are two data sets used for water productivity analyses, i.e., the first is water use data at end users and the second is Gross Domestic Product. The water use at end users are estimated by water account method based on the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water (SEEA-Water) concept of United Nations. The water account shows the analyses of the water balance between the use and supply of each water resource in physical terms. The water supply and use linkage in the water account analyses separated into each phases, i.e., water sources, water managers, water service providers, water user at end user under water regulators of all kinds of water use activities such as household, industrial, agricultural, tourism, hydropower, and ecological conservation uses. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP), a well- known measuring method of the national economic growth is not actually a comprehensive approach to describe all aspects of national economic status, since GDP does not take into account the costs of the negative impacts to natural resources that result from the overexploitation of development projects, however, at present, integrating the environment with the economy of a country to measure its economic growth with GDP is acceptable worldwide. The study results will show the water use at each basin, use types at end users, water productivity in each sector from 1996-2015 compared with other countries, Besides the productivity improvement measures will be explored and proposed for the National Strategic Master Plan.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2007년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.40-45
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• 2007

Water regulators in New Zealand have recognised the need to adapt water allocation regimes and water permit conditions to reflect the likelihood of lower catchment yield on the east coast from 2030 due to climate change. Water management mechanisms to protect the environment and maintain the reliability of other water users are currently being applied or assessed in Marlborough province. These include seasonal water quota based on spring aquifer status, linking water use to environmental triggers to avoid seawater intrusion or spring depletion; and redefining water permit entitlements to account for recharge variability.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 1996

Disinfection is a very important process in water plant on account of our surface water usage. Particularly. the rainfall of Korea is concentrated in summer time. it is almost carried away to ocean before our utilization as water resource. To overcome the unbalance of water resource, artificial dams and reservoirs are constructed. According to such storage of water to aggravate water pollution and make the increase of water cleaning chemicals. Chlorine, as a main traditional chemical for water treatment. is focused on account of THMS formation in recent days. In this paper. the data of a water plant located in Seoul is adopted as the foundation of water quality analysis and introduce the substitute chemicals to supplement the harmful formation. additionally. Conclusions are summarized as follows: 1. The water quality of water resource is the worst in summer time and the supply of cleaning chemical is inevitably increased on account of general bacteria increase. 2. Chlorine, as a main chemical for water cleaning, formed the cancer-causing organic THMS with water molecules. 3. One of substitute chemical. chlorine dioxids suppress the formation of THMS comparing with the case of chlorine only. Therefore. the continuous research of substitute chemicals should be activated. 4. As the supply of disinfected clean water concerned with the citizen sanitary, the cultivation of professionals and academic conference must be needed on the basis of nation

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2018

Small-scale wastewater discharge facilities account for 98% of all workplaces, but in the generation and emission of major pollutants, they account for 27.5 % and 23.5 %, respectively. Since the proportion of the emission load of the small-scale workplace is not large, the national environmental policy has been established mainly around large-scale wastewater discharge facilities. However, in the case of specific hazardous substances in water, the amount of the discharge load of the small-scale wastewater discharge facility was 2.4 times higher than that of the generation load. Certain types of specific hazardous substances in water, which have a higher discharge load than large-scale wastewater discharge facilities, account for 24 ~ 32 %. There are also cases in which the discharge load from a small-scale discharge facility is more than four times higher, depending on the specific kind of water pollutant. As a result of inspections, the violation rate of the small-scale wastewater discharge facility among the total violations by facilities is 93.9 ~ 97.5 %. As a result, the ecotoxicity value of small-scale wastewater discharge facilities was high in most industries, and there was a fluctuation in the measured value. This indicates that the ecological integrity of the water system can be largely influenced by small-scale wastewater discharge facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the environmental management of small-scale wastewater discharge facilities, and in some cases, the effect of the improvement in quality may be more significant than in the management of large-scale wastewater discharge facilities.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2009년도 학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.1260-1264
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• 2009

Precipitation time series is a mixture of complicate fluctuation and changes. The monthly precipitation data of 61 stations during 36 years (1973-2008) in Korea are comprehensively analyzed using the EOFs technique and CSEOFs technique respectively. The main motivation for employing this technique in the present study is to investigate the physical processes associated with the evolution of the precipitation from observation data. The twenty-five leading EOF modes account for 98.05% of the total monthly variance, and the first two modes account for 83.68% of total variation. The first mode exhibits traditional spatial pattern with annual cycle of corresponding PC time series and second mode shows strong North South gradient. In CSEOF analysis, the twenty-five leading CSEOF modes account for 98.58% of the total monthly variance, and the first two modes account for 78.69% of total variation, these first two patterns' spatial distribution show monthly spatial variation. The corresponding mode's PC time series reveals the annual cycle on a monthly time scale and long-term fluctuation and first mode's PC time series shows increasing linear trend which represents that spatial and temporal variability of first mode pattern has strengthened. Compared with the EOFs analysis, the CSEOFs analysis preferably exhibits the spatial distribution and temporal evolution characteristics and variability of Korean historical precipitation.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2008

This study is primarily concerned with the relationship between the substantial nature of water and water space, defined as the container of water, when water is used as an element of design. In order to achieve the objective set up, the writer discusses the important properties of water. As the functional meaning of 'water' has been changed to the natural harmony or agreement with human, both the exterior shape of architectural structures and their internal meanings should be taken into account, if the water space is to be suitable for humans.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.745-755
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• 2000

현재 우리나라에서 홍수조절 업무에 황용하고 있는 홍수관리시스템은 댐에서 조절이 불가능한 댐하류부 수문현상들을 고려하여 방류계획을 수립할 수 없으며, 예측 강우량에 의한 댐으로의 유출상황을 고려한 예비방류에 관한 지침이 마련되어 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 댐의 제약조건 댐 상.하류의 유출상황을 고려하여 홍수기 댐을 운영 할 수 있는 모의기법에 의한 모형을 개발하였다. 개발된 모형(EV ROM이라 명명)은 댐에서 조절이 불가능한 댐하류 지류에 의한 하류 홍수제어 지점의 Cumulative Lateral Flow Hydrograph를 고려하여 방류계획을 수립한다. EV ROM에서는 댐하류 지역의 첨두홍수량 경감을 위하여 홍수제어지점의 수문곡선 상승부에서 예비방류를, 첨두부에서는 댐에 저류를 하였다가 수문곡선 하강부에 다시 방류를 수행하는 특징이 있다. EV ROM을 강우-유출모형에 결합하여 금강수계 대청댐을 중심으로 3개 홍수사상에 적용해 본 결과, 기존의 Rigid ROM이나 Technical ROM 보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 본 연구에서 개발한 EV ROM이 댐 유역뿐만 아니라 댐하류 홍수제어지점의 수문상황을 동시에 고려하여 댐의 방류계열을 결정하기 때문이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서 개발된 EV ROM을 다양한 홍수사상에 적용, 예측강우량의 정확도 개선 및 프로그램의 보완이 이루어진다면, 현재보다 한차원 높아진 저수지운영을 기대 할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.76-82
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• 2001

The ASME B3l.4〔1〕and B3l.8 〔2〕codes use the thin wall formula to predict hoop stress in a pipe. To account for the external pressure, the above codes simply subtract the external pressure from the internal pressure. The thin wall formula using this differential pressure does not give the same hoop stress as the thick wall formula. This paper proposes an improved equation to predict pipe hoop stress subjected to both internal and external pressure. Compared to the conventional thin wall formula, the improved formula has additional terms, which improve the agreement with the thick wall formula and account for external pressure. The improved formula is less conservative than the conventional thin wall formula, but slightly more conservative than the thick wall formula. The formula is simpler and easier to use than the thick wall formula and will save pipe material cost as well as installation cost compared to using the conventional thin wall formula. The savings will increase as the water depth increases.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제83권3호
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• pp.283-292
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• 2022

A nonlinear vibrational analysis of sandwich curved panels having multi-scale face sheets has been performed in this article based on differential quadrature method (DQM). All mechanical properties of multi-scale skins have been established in the context of three-dimensional Mori-Tanaka scheme for which the influences of glass fibers and random carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been taken into account. The governing equations for sandwich the panel have been developed based upon thin shell formulation in which geometry nonlinearities have been taken into account. Next, DQ approach has been applied to solve the governing equations for determining the relationships of frequencies with deflections for curved panels. It will be demonstrated that the relationships of frequencies with deflections are dependent on the changing of CNT weight fractions, fibers alignment, fibers volume, panel radius and skin thickness.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2008

With globally increasing interests in climate-soil-vegetation system, a new stochastic model of soil water and plant water stress is derived for better understanding of the soil water and plant water stress dynamics and their role in water-controlled ecosystem. The steady-state assumption is used for simplifying the equations. The derived model is simple yet realistic that it can account for the essential features of the system. The model represents the general characteristics of rainfall, soil, and vegetation; i.e. the soil moisture constitutes the decrease form of the steady-state and the plant water stress becomes increasing with the steady state when the rainfall is decreased. With this model, further deep study for the effects of soil water and plant water stress on the system will be accomplished.