• 제목/요약/키워드: washing water

검색결과 957건 처리시간 0.023초

천연염료에 관한 연구(II) -자근색소에 의한 견섬유염색 - (Studies on the Natural dyes(II) - Dyeing of silk fibers by Gromwell color matter -)

  • 조경래
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.370-379
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    • 1989
  • In previous paper, the optical behavior of coloring matter of Cromwell under several conditions were investigated. In this paper, the fading behavior of color solution extracted from Growell by methanol, dyeing properties of this color on the silk fibers in water and methanol, the three property of color of dyed silk fabrics, and fading behavior of dyed silk fabrics with Cromwell color under light and washing were discussed.

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인공부화잠종 탈산시간의 장단이 부화율에 미치는 영향 (Studies on the deacidification times of artificial hatching silkworm eggs)

  • 김윤식
    • 한국잠사곤충학회지
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    • 제10권
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    • pp.57-58
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    • 1969
  • Artificial silkworm eggs must do washing the acid completely after soaking HCl. Author experimented following deacidification times: 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 6 hours soaking and 12 hours soaking eggs in the fresh water after artificial hatching, and incubated room temperature. There was no difference 1 hour's with control but more than 1 hour deacidification influenced badly in hatching ratio. Especially above than 6 hours deacidification was not only delaying 1 day in hatching date but also decreasing in practical hatching ratio.

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황련에 의한 Tencel직물의 염색 (Dyeing of Tencel with Coptis chinensis Franch)

  • 배상경
    • 한국염색가공학회지
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    • 제12권5호
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    • pp.288-294
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    • 2000
  • The dyeing of Tencel fabric with Coptis chinensis Franch was studied. The colorant was extracted with distilled water under various concentrations of dyestuff, times, mordants. UV-VIS spectra were obtained to find the maximum wavelength and absorbance of colorant. Tencel fabric was dyed with different mordants in pre and post-mordanting methods. Maximum wavelength of spectrum was 343 nm, and K/S value of pre-mordant was higher than post-mordant. Aluminium and stannic mordants changed color from yellow to blue-greenish and red-bluish. Colorfastnesses of light, and washing were low grade, but that of perspiration was increased.

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전기분해수 처리에 따른 콩나물의 저장 중 품질변화 (Changes in Quality of Soybean Sprouts Washed with Electrolyzed Water during Storage)

  • 유재열;장금일
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제40권4호
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    • pp.586-592
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구에서는 수도수(TW) 및 전기분해수인 차아염소산 나트륨수(SHEW) 및 미산성차아염소산수(SAEW)를 이용한 세척방법이 $4^{\circ}C$$25^{\circ}C$에서 콩나물의 저장 중 일반세균수와 pH 그리고 중량감소율 및 색도 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 먼저 콩나물의 저장 중 일반세균수는 무세척 콩나물에 비해 TW 세척한 경우 0.6 log CFU/g의 감소효과를 나타내었고, SHEW 및 SAEW 세척한 경우 2.0 log CFU/g 이상의 높은 감소효과를 나타내었다. 그리고 저장기간이 증가할수록 모든 처리구에서 일반세균수와 중량감소율은 증가하였고 pH는 감소하였으며, 색도는 L값의 경우 감소하였고 b값의 경우는 증가하였다. 그러나 무세척 및 TW로 세척한 콩나물에 비하여 SHEW 및 SAEW로 세척한 콩나물의 일반세균수 및 중량감소율의 증가 및 pH 감소 그리고 색도 변화는 천천히 진행되었다. 따라서 SHEW와 SAEW와 같은 전기분해수 세척 방법은 콩나물의 초기 일반세균수를 감소시켜 콩나물의 신선도를 유지시키고, 저장 미생물 생육 및 품질 변화를 억제시켜 콩나물의 품질 유지 및 저장성 향상에 기여할 것으로 생각된다.

차아염소산나트륨 세척 및 진공 포장이 노계 가슴육의 냉장 저장 중 미생물학적 및 이화학적 품질에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Washing of Carcasses with Sodium Hypochlorite Solution and Vacuum Packaging on the Microbiological and Physiochemical Quality of the Breast Meat from Old Hen during Storage at 4℃)

  • 나재천;김선효;정사무엘;이수기;강환구;최희철;조철훈
    • 한국가금학회지
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    • 제40권4호
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    • pp.327-336
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구는 국내에서 생산되는 노계육(산란노계, 환우계 및 종계)의 우수한 저장성 확보를 위해 수행되었으며, 차아염소산나트륨 세척 및 진공 포장 방법이 $4^{\circ}C$ 냉장 저장 중 노계가슴육의 미생물학적 및 이화학적 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 노계육을 물 또는 50 ppm 차아염소산나트륨 세척 후 가슴육의 가열 감량과 조직감 분석 결과, 노계 종류 및 세척방법에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 노계육을 물 또는 50 ppm 차아염소산나트륨으로 세척 후 가슴육을 함기 또는 진공 포장하여 $4^{\circ}C$ 냉장 저장하면서 가슴육의 총 호기성 미생물을 측정한 결과, 식육의 부패 기준이 7 Log CFU/g 임을 고려하였을 때 차아염소산나트륨 세척 또는 진공 포장단일 처리에 의해 노계 가슴육을 7일 이상 저장할 수 있음이 확인되었으며, 차아염소산나트륨 세척 및 진공 포장 병용처리 시 14일 이상의 저장 기간을 확보할 수 있음이 확인되었다. 게다가 노계 가슴육을 진공 포장하여 저장하였을 때 노계 가슴육의 VBN 함량이 저장 7일 후에도 식육의 부패기준인 20 mg% 미만으로 나타났으며, 지방 산패 또한 함기포장 처리구에 비해 억제됨이 확인되었다. 저장 중 노계 가슴육의 pH는 저장 기간 증가와 함께 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 노계 종류에 따른 차이가 컸고, 진공 포장하였을 때 증가가 억제되었다. 결론적으로 노계육을 차아염소산나트륨으로 세척 후 진공 포장하여 냉장 저장 시 노계육의 우수한 저장성 개선을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

젖소 유방염 관리에 따른 세균 및 체세포수 등급 실태 조사 분석 (Analytical studies of bovine mastitis management by standard plate counts(SPC) and somatic cell counts(SCC))

  • 허정호;정명호;박영호;조명희;이주홍
    • 한국동물위생학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.285-300
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    • 1998
  • 1. The number of average milking cows, clinical forms of mastitis, mastitis-developing cows, and cows killed by mastitis a year were 25.7, 1.8(7%), 6.3(26%), and 2.7(10.1%)heads, respectively. The annual grade changes of standard plate counts(SPC) and somatic cell counts(SCC) showed the grade 1A of SPC diminished sharply from April to August, we think it was due to the lack of proper management in farming season and the grade 3 of SCC indirectly influenced increased in huge during August. 2. The average number of parturitions of farms was 2.3, but 50% of below 1 parturition were 22 farms(31%), 50% of above 3 parturitions were 16(23%) out of 71 farms. According to grades of the number of parturitions of milking cows per each farm, the farms' grades recording 3 parturitions and 50% were little bit excellent. 3. The actual situation research of foremilking CMT revealed 35 out of 74 farmer didn't do CMT Among them(35 out of 74 farmers), 80% did not test thanks to the troublesome process of the CMT. SCC grade 3, among farms who did foremilking CMT once or twice a month and who did not were 29% and 40% respectively and SPC grade 1A were 55% and 9%, respectively. 4. The research of actual situation on milking management let us know 29 farms(39%) did not do lastmilking, 37 farms(49%) usually did overmilking, and 34 farms(46%) did milking for 4 or 5 minutes. Grades according to average requiring times of milking showed SCC grade 1 of farms milking within 7 minutes was 11% and SPC grade 1A was 34%, on the other side, farms milking more than 7 minutes were 0% in SCC grade 1 and 13% in SPC grade 1A. Grades according to the starting time of milking after rubbing teats showed SPC grade 1A of farms starting milking at about 1 minute and over 2 minutes were 50% and 20%, respectively. 5. The research of actual situation on hygienic milking management uncovered 65 farms(88%) were using one towel which was used in washing teats and udders to wash more than 3 to 4 cows, and 53 farms(72%) were using one dried towel to dry udders not for each cow but for more than 3 to 4 cows after washing. Also, on milking turns disclosed 30 farms(40%) were milking cows in the order of incoming without isolation of a dominant group. According to grades of towels used in washing teats and udders, farms using a towel for each cow were 56% and a towel for over 3 cows were 31% in SPC grade 1A. According to using-or-not grades of dried towels after washing udders, farms using a towel for each cow were 79% and a towel for over 3 cows were 21% in SPC grade 1A. 6. Farms doing teat-dipping before milking were 7(10%), not doing teat-dipping after milking, or doing sometimes were 9(12%), and doing right after milking were 57(77%). And farms doing teat-dipping after dry cows and before delivery were 21(28a ). Farms using bethadine as an antiseptic solution were 70(95%), 40 farms(59%) diluted it with water as weak as 5 to 10 times, and on drying cows 64 farms(87%) slowly did it more than 2 days. Grade 1A of SPC of farms doing teat-dipping at every milking was 38%, farms doing occasionally or not was 33%, and farms doing it right after milking was 37% and doing after milking more than 5 cows was 20%. Grade 1A of SPC among farms diluting bethadine 5 times and diluting 5 to 10 times with water were 36% and 33%, respectively, and Grade 3 of SCC were 35% and 32%, respectively. 7. Studies on nonlactating period medical treatment, as the cows were on dry, 54 farms treated with their own hands.73 farms(98%) had bovine mastitis treated for themselves. And on applying medicines against mastitis, 55 farmers chose them on the basis of their own experience, 42 farms(57%) were treated more than 3 days. 41 farms(55%) dumped away the mastitis infected milk separately, 24 farms(32%) were feeding and milking at the same time. 8. Fifty-six farms(76%) always washed and disinfected milking machines after milking. Farms using the milking machines at low, or variable vacuum pressures, or at the vacuum pressure, set at the moment of its installation were 31(42%), and farms that did not know pulsation ratio were 27(37%). Farms changing liners when they were torn 8(11%), 58 farms(78%) said they checked milking system when there were wrong with them, 31 farms(42%) changed milking hoses when they found out problems, and 42 farms(57%) cleaned vacuum and milking systems when they felt dirty. The SPC grade 1A of farms washing and sterilizing milking machines was 38% and farms only washing was 28%.

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상전이 마이크로캡슐이 함유된 고기능성 축열.발열 직물의 제조 및 물리적 특성 : 습식코팅 (Preparation and Physical Characteristics of High-Performance Heat Storage.Release Fabrics with PCMMc : Wet coating process)

  • 구강;최종덕;최종석;김은애;박영미
    • 한국염색가공학회지
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.24-30
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    • 2007
  • Heat storage/release system in textile is a useful tool to increase energy efficiency and enhance comfortable microclimate of clothing. Phase change materials(PCM) are used in regulating storage and release properties of thermal energy. To investigate the temperature regulating ability of fabrics with PCM microcapsule(PCMMc), Nylon fabrics were coated with PCMMc via wet processing and they were characterized by SEM, DSC and infrared thermal analyzer. Also, water moisture transpiration, water penetration resistance, peel strength and washing durability of the fabrics were assessed. The water vapor permeation and water penetration resistance decreased with increasing PCMMc content. In DSC analysis, it can be seen that the microencapsulated fabric showed both exothermic md endothermic phenomena at specific temperature. Peel strength was decreased with increasing PCMMc content.

디스크 여과장치를 이용한 선박 밸러스트수 전처리 연구 (A study of Ballast water Treatment using a Disk filter)

  • 박상호;임재동;박선정;김동근;김인수
    • 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2006년도 전기학술대회논문집
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    • pp.149-150
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    • 2006
  • Displayed result that handle particle contaminant and hydrospace organism included in number of ballast that is happened in ship using automatic back washing filter. Reason that remove first contaminant that is included in number of ballast is that heighten processing effect of after processing process. of the filter. Another advantage is to drop oft the solids with controlling revolution of drum screen in pretreatment filtration process. The fact that it is easy to attach and detach a several type of screen for getting the expected water quality is another advantage. Filter rotation speed at 1.0rpm is filter resistance 3.0bar and 3.0rpm is filter resistance 2.8bar. Filter out impurities from ballast water over 6.0rpm is filter resistance 2.6bar and 10rpm is filter resistance 2.5bar. Filtration system removal aquatic organism over $80{\mu}m$ in ballast water. This study shows that the filtration treatment system has a potential for the treatment of ballast water.

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합성섬유 충진 여과수로를 이용한 건설사업장의 흙탕물 처리 및 배수구 보호에 관한 실험적 연구 (Experimental Study on Synthetic Fiber Filled Channel for Treating Turbid Water at the Construction Sites and Protecting Drain System)

  • 원경과;청징;박기수;김영철
    • 한국물환경학회지
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    • 제32권6호
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    • pp.537-545
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    • 2016
  • In order to cope with the new and strict government regulations for turbid water discharge from construction sites, this study tested whether synthetic fiber filters can replace conventional best management practices. The filter efficiency was about 10 to 60% with a varying filter depth of 5 to 15cm, presuming extreme storm flow conditions to be in the range of 800 to 1500m/day of filtration rates. Fiber filter acts exactly like a granular filter, i.e. the separation efficiency is directly and inversely proportional to filter depth and rate, respectively. Based on the operational data, we suggested the Log-Log design relationship, which can be used to determine the filter depth and area. Compared to the widely used gravel filter which treats the turbid water at the construction site, about 20% higher efficiency was obtained under similar operating conditions. Cleaning the filter through a simple hand-washing method at the time of break-through, achieved about 90% soil recovery.

Multi- effect air gap membrane distillation process for pesticide wastewater treatment

  • Pangarkar, Bhausaheb L.;Deshmukh, Samir K.;Thorat, Prashant V.
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • 제8권6호
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    • pp.529-541
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    • 2017
  • A multi-effect air gap membrane distillation (ME-AGMD) module for pesticide wastewater treatment is studied with internal heat recovery, sensible heat of brine recovery, number of stages and the use of fresh feed as cooling water in a single module is implemented in this study. A flat sheet polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) membrane was used in the 4-stage ME-AGMD module. The maximum value of permeate flux could reach $38.62L/m^2h$ at feed -coolant water temperature difference about $52^{\circ}C$. The performance parameter of the module like, specific energy consumption and gain output ratio (GOR) was investigated for the module with and without heat recovery. Also, the module performance was characterized with respect to the separation efficiency of several important water quality parameters. The removal efficiency of the module was found to be >98.8% irrespective water quality parameters. During the experiment the membrane fouling was caused due to the deposition of the salt/crystal on the membrane surface. The membrane fouling was controlled by membrane module washing cycle 9 h and also by acidification of the feed water (pH=4) using 0.1M HCl solution.