• Journal of East-Asian Urban History
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.113-128
• /
• 2020

Right before the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1937-1954), the Great Eastern Broadcasting Station (GEBS) was established in Shanghai under the aegis of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (MOFA). Prior to the launching of the GEBS, Japan had not owned similar radio stations in China for years. As a result, the Embassy of Japan in China held rounds of discussions on the plan and Japanese governments, ranging from the MOFA, the Navy, the Army, the Ministry of Communications (MOC), and NHK-Japan Broadcasting Corporation (Nihon Hoso Kyoku) provided financial, technological, and equipment support. In the mid-1930s when the Sino-Japanese relations became intensified, the GEBS assumed the primary role of disseminating government policies to over 30,000 Japanese expatriates in Shanghai to make sure that they could remain settled while supporting military endeavors of the Japanese army once the war between China and Japanese broke out. After 1937, the GEBS became an essential propaganda tool to advance imperial policies of Japan. Although the station differed from the Army-controlled Greater Shanghai Broadcasting Station (Dai Shanhai Hoso Kyoku) in many aspects, it was in line with the latter in terms of advancing wartime ideology of the Japanese empire. As the Japanese-occupied areas were enlarged, target audience of the GEBS also expanded to Chinese people and foreign nationals when Japanese, English, Russian, and Shanghai-dialect news was broadcast by the station. Suffice it to say that the GEBS was closely related to wartime propaganda of the Japanese imperial expansion.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.22 no.7
• /
• pp.206-212
• /
• 2022

Strengthening global geopolitical instability in the world leads to an aggravation of international conflicts; it destabilizes the domestic political situation in countries, violates the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, and also activates economic crime. The full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine and the deployment of military operations in a large territory of a sovereign country have created a number of destabilizing factors in the development of digital technologies and negatively affect the state and trends of digital marketing, which allows establishing interaction with a wide audience and facilitating the search for new customers in various places. The purpose of the research lies in substantiating the theoretical and applied principles for studying the features of digital marketing in the conditions of wartime posture in Ukraine. In the course of the research, general and special methods of economic analysis have been used and applied, namely: analysis and synthesis; analogies and comparisons; generalization and systematization; graphic and tabular methods. Regarding the results of the research of digital marketing in the conditions of wartime posture in Ukraine, it has been established that the intensification of the development of digital marketing is caused by the crisis phenomena of social-economic, social-political and military nature, as well as exacerbated by the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been proven that highly developed countries use innovative digital technologies more effectively in the field of marketing, which indicates the importance of the Multidimensional Index of Digitization (the USA - MID: 0,92-0,92; the UK - MID: 0,80-0,97; Japan - MID: 0,80-0,88; Canada - MID: 0,78-0,81; Germany - MID: 0,78-0,88; France - MID: 0,72-0,76), however, the developing countries record much lower values (Ukraine - MID: 0,22-0,48). Accordingly, the level of cybersecurity in highly developed countries is also significantly higher than in transitive countries, in particular, in the United States (GCI: 0,919-0,999); Great Britain (GCI: 0,783-0,995); Canada (GCI: 0,818-0,978) and in Ukraine (GCI: 0,501-0,661).

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
• /
• s.5
• /
• pp.1-45
• /
• 2007

Reserved forces of ROKA are in charge of replacement of TOE in the wartime and mission of rear area operation. But there is institutional inertia in the law and organization oriented to fill human resources rather than take mission. We need to prepare for the investment and arrangement of reserved forces as military power that would be replaced standing forces. In this portion, to reinforce reserve forces elite, First, efficient mobilization regulations and systems are suggested. I covered a maintenance of relevant mobilization ordinances which need to legislated and approved by national assembly for wartime and development of mobilization system which might lose the appropriate time for mobilization due to complicated declaration procedures and measures to overcome the panic at the initial stage of the war and organization and employment of nationwide transportation system and mobilization center. To ensure efficient resource management and mobilization of reserve forces with a number of approximately 3 million, there's a necessity of organization for integration and conciliation. To make it real, I suggested establishing and employing the mobilization center, on first phase, employ the mobilization center focusing on homeland divisions, on second phase, it is advisable to convert to national level mobilization system and develop to central mobilization center focusing on national emergency planning committee. During peacetime, in conjunction with Mobilization Cell, mobilization center can conduct resource survey and integrate and manage mobilization resources and take charge of mobilization training of subordinate units, and during wartime, in conjunction with mobilization coordination team and Cell, can ensure the execution of mobilization. Second, Future oriented reserve forces management system such as service system of reserve forces and support system of homeland defense operations. Current service and trainings of reserve forces by the year have very low connection, as it is very complex to manage the resources and trainings, and service and training lack the equity, re-establishment of service system is required. Also in an aspect of CSS and cultivation support for reserve forces, as the scope and limitation of responsibility between the armed forces and autonomous organization is obscure, conditions to conduct actual-fighting exercises are limited. Concentrated budgetting is extremely difficult because reserve forces training fields are scattered nationwide, and facilities and equipments are rapidly getting older. To improve all these, I suggest the organization of homeland defense battalion with a unit of "City-Gun-District" and supporting the local reserve forces. Conduct unit replacement or personal replacement for those who have finished their 1 or 2 years and homeland defense operation duty for those with 3-5 years for consistency and simplification. Third, I suggest Future oriented Reserved Training(FRT) and Training Center oriented training management to establish a reliable reserve training. Reserves carry out expansion of unit, conventional combat mission, homeland defense and logistics support during wartime, and actual-fighting exercise, and disaster relief, peace keeping activities. Despite diverse activities and roles, their training condition still stays definitely poor. For these reasons, Modernization of weapons and facilities through gradual replacement and procurement is essential to enhance mobilization support system.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.143-162
• /
• 2008

This paper aims to formulate the method of estimating the wartime stockpile requirement of 155mm self-propelled artillery including intelligent ammunition for armored vehicles, currently being developed. The usual method of utilizing war-game simulation results in considerable margins in expected occupancy ratio between ground forces and air forces for each weapon system for armored vehicles. Also, the method tends to produce excessive output greater than the minimal stockpile requirements; therefore, the study aims to overcome limitations like these by the allocation method for each weapon system according to targets. This allocation method is better than war-game simulation method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.74-83
• /
• 2018

It is very crucial activities that Korean army have to detect and recognize enemy's locations and types of weapon of their artillery firstly for effective operation of friendly force's artillery weapons during wartime. For these activities, one of the most critical artillery weapon systems is the anti-artillery radar (hereafter; radars) for immediate counter-fire operations against the target. So, in early wartime these radar's roles are very important for minimizing friendly force's damage because arbiters have to recognize a several enemy's artillery positions quickly and then to take an action right away. Up to date, Republic of Korea Army for tactical artillery operations only depends on individual commander's intuition and capability. Therefore, we propose these radars allocation model based on integer programming that combines ArcGIS (Geographic Information System) analysis data and each radar's performances which include allowable specific ranges of altitude, azimuth (FOV; field of view) and distances for target detection, and weapons types i.e., rocket, mortars and cannon ammo etc. And we demonstrate the effectiveness of their allocation's solution of available various types of radar asset through several experimental scenarios. The proposed model can be ensured the optimal detection coverage, the enhancement of artillery radar's operations and assisting a quick decision for commander finally.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.53-64
• /
• 2021

Wargame is a simulated military operation with certain rules, specifications, and procedures, in which soldiers can virtually and indirectly experience the war. The ROK Navy operates the Cheonghae model, a training wargame model for helping commanders and staff master the procedures for conducting the war. It is important for commanders, staff and analysts to know whether a warship can perform its missions and how long it can last during a war. In existing model, the Cheonghae, the probability of kill of a warship is calculated simply considering the number of tonnage without any stochastic elements, and the warship's mission availability is also determined based on predetermined values. With this model, it is difficult to get a value of the probability of kill that makes sense. In this dissertation, the author has developed a probabilistic model in which the warship vulnerability data of ROK-JMEM can be used. A conceptual model and methodology that can evaluate the mission performance of personnel, equipment, and supplies has been proposed. This can be expanded to a comprehensive assessment of wartime warship loss rates by integrating damage rates for personnel, equipment, and supplies in wartime.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2019

Recently, the Korean military has been drastically reducing its active-duty troops due to rapid demographic changes and the reconciliatory mode between the two Koreas. Under these circumstances, the wartime reserve forces play an important role. In times of war, a successful personal mobilization is critical especially in early combat stage. Previous research has been carried out using insufficient data collected only within the military and there have been limitations on empirical analysis due to changes in the designation methods for personal mobilization. This study analyzes how much of the reserve forces can be filled at the prescribed time by analyzing the transportation route of the reserve forces in wartime by utilizing military-related data and credit card usage data of the reserve forces residing in Yong-in city. The analysis showed that all reserve forces could not be called up within the prescribed time. In particular, Gangwon Province has shown results of less than 70 percent call-ups, and could cause serious weakening of combat capabilities in the early stages of the war. The main reasons could be the difference between the actual residence and the residence address and the excessive time caused by the traffic congestion.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.521-526
• /
• 2020

Airfield pavements, such as runways and taxiways, are essential for smooth take-off and landing of fixed-wing aircraft and are the most important installation for the military to carry out air operations during wartime. Therefore, in wartime, it is necessary to reduce the damage to these installations and repair them in the shortest possible time. Recently, the pattern of attack is changing from the use of conventional high explosive which is to create large craters to the use of multiple warheads weapon system which is to effectively attack enemy's airfields but unrelated to accuracy. Hence in this study, through identifying the specification and composition of multiple warheads weapon system, we checked the protection performance and damage patterns of the pavement when explosion occurred on the installed military runway and taxiway by the multiple warheads weapon system. And The multiple warheads weapon systems is able to cause extensive damage but the destructive power of each warhead is not as great, so I would like to propose an airfield pavement design plan for minimal protection against such attacks.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.468-476
• /
• 2001

The ROK TRANSCOM is trying to establish a concrete wartime sealift operation plan. But there are many problems to be solved for setting up the plan. The most serious problem is to procure war materiel to be shipped in U.S.A and next one is to determine the number of sealift assets and to allocate them. The process of sealift operation can be described as follows. Before the order of vessel mobilization, all vessels appointed for activation would be scattered in worldwide in the state of Beaded or unloaded. After the order of vessel mobilization, vessels would go to SPGE(seaport of embarkation) to load war materiel. Some loaded ships should offload the commercial cargo to the near port as soon as they are activated, before they would go to SPOE. All vessels would load procured materiel in SPOE and then go to SPOD(seaport of debarkation). They would offload war materiel in SPOD and then go back to SPOE to load war materiel again. We will simulate this process using ARENA(1), evaluate the sealift capability of ROK and find omit problems of the sealift plan. This model ultimately evaluates the sealift capability and provides planners with critical information far establishing and correcting the plan. This study can also provide military planners with a flexible and accessible decision support tool to provide advance planning under a variety of conditions on the sealift capability. The military planner is expected to make use of this model as a standard for establishing effective and concrete sealift operation in the near future. We can conclude how procurement capability significantly affects the result of sealift operation through this model. We could decide the appropriate levee of sealift asset such as the number of vessels and the number of available berth. So we could allocate effectively the resources for completing the sealift operation within the TGT(Target) time.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.153-163
• /
• 2011

This study analyzes the military and political factors that influenced the Participatory Government's resolution in Wartime Operational Control (OPCON) Transition. The research on key factors in OPCON transition firstly implemented literature research and then increased feasibility through additional use of AHP. The analysis results showed that there was a negative effect for Korean Peninsular Defense in the 'ROK-US Alliance Asymmetry' area, a positive effect to increase ROK-led Capability of Theater Operation in the 'ROK and U.S. Alliance Interdependence' area and a positive effect for Invocation of ROK Self-Defense Power in the 'Interests of Participatory Government's Liberal Regime' area respectively. After applying AHP, "ROK exercise of Self-defense" in the 'Interests of Participatory Government's Liberal Regime' area received the highest assessment, while the "Increasement of North Korea's Threat" in the 'ROK-US Alliance Asymmetry' area received the lowest assessment. This study is meaningful in that it analyzed the key military and political factors in the Participatory Government's resolution of Wartime OPCON Transition using AHP.