• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.668-681
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• 2006

XML은 다양한 장점으로 인해 인터넷 기반 환경에서 데이타 표현 및 교환의 표준으로 자리잡았다. XML이 데이타 표현 및 교환의 주요한 포맷으로 자리잡으면서 XML 데이타의 효율적인 저장 및 질의 처리에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되었다. XML 데이타를 관계형 데이타 베이스시스템에 저장하는 것은 데이타 관리와 질의 처리에서 많은 이익을 가져온다. 왜냐하면, 관계형 데이타 베이스 시스템은 강력한 질의 처리 및 데이타 관리 기능을 제공하고, 이들 기능을 확장하여 XML 데이타에 적용할 수 있기 때문이다. 그러나, 이 방법을 사용하기 위해서는 XML 질의를 SQL 질의로 변환해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 대표적인 XML 질의 언어인 XQuery 질의를 SQL:2003 질의로 변환하는 질의 번역기를 설계 및 구현한다. SQL:2003은 SQL:1999을 대체하는 최신 SQL 표준으로, XML을 지원하기 위한 SQL/XML을 정의하고 있다. 본 논문의 주요 공헌은 다음과 같다. 첫째, SQL:2003 표준에서 정의하고 있는 XML 지원 특징을 살펴보고 미흡한 부분에 대한 사용자 정의 함수를 제안한다. 둘째, XQuery 질의를 SQL:2003 표준을 준수하는 SQL 질의로 변환하는 방법을 제안한다. 셋째, 번역기에 대한 설계와 구현을 자세히 기술하여 번역기의 가능성(feasibility)을 보여준다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2010

There are few studies reporting optimal waist circumference that can be utilized to prevent the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the association of waist circumference and waist and hip circumference ratio (WHR) with incident cases of CVD developed over 6 years in a population-based prospective study including Korean adults. Analyses for receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve were performed with data for 1,733 men and 1,579 women who were aged 40 to 69 years and were free of a physician-diagnosis of CVD at baseline. Information on the diagnosis of CVD was periodically reported using interviewer-administered questionnaires and anthropometric measures were obtained by biennial health examinations. We newly identified 77 cases of CVD during a follow-up period between 2003 and 2008. On the basis of measures of diagnostic accuracy including minimum distance to ROC curve and Youden index, waist circumference of 85 cm for men, in particular for male nonsmokers, and of 80 cm for women and WHR of 0.88 to 0.90 for men and of 0.83 for women were found to be optimal cutoff points to identify individuals at CVD risks. The study also found that the use of the suggested optimal values for waist circumference show higher sensitivity and lower specificity compared with 90 cm for men and 85 cm for women, which are waist cutoff points given by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity to define abdominal obesity for Korean adults. Although lower cutoff points of waist circumference (83 cm) and WHR (0.87) were observed to be optimal for male smokers compared with male nonsmokers, whether suggesting waist cutoff points specific to smokers is needed warrants further studies. After taking into account other cardiovascular risk factors including smoking, men with waist circumference of 85 cm or greater and women with 80 cm or greater were at an increased risk of CVD. Thus, these cutoff points of waist circumference may be able to capture more individuals at CVD risks contributing to the prevention of future development of CVD.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2955-2960
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• 2012

Background: Health disparities exist among and within countries, while developing and low income countries suffer more. The aim of this study was to quantify cancer disparities with regard to socioeconomic position (SEP) in 22 districts of Tehran, Iran. Method: According to the national cancer registry, 7599 new cancer cases were recorded within 22 districts of Tehran in 2008. Based on combined data from census and a population-based health equity study (Urban HEART), socioeconomic position (SEP) was calculated for each district. Index of disparity, absolute and relative concentration indices (ACI & RCI) were used for measuring disparities in cancer incidence. Results: The overall cancer age standardised rate (ASR) was 117.2 per 100,000 individuals (120.4 for men and 113.5 for women). Maximum ASR in both genders was seen in districts 6, 3, 1 and 2. Breast, colorectal, stomach, skin and prostate were the most common cancers. Districts with higher SEP had higher ASR (r=0.9, p<0.001). Positive ACI and RCI indicated that cancer cases accumulated in districts with high SEP. Female disparity was greater than for men in all measures. Breast, colorectal, prostate and bladder ASR ascended across SEP groups. Negative ACI and RCI in cervical and skin cancers in women indicate their aggregation in lower SEP groups. Breast cancer had the highest absolute disparities measure. Conclusion: This report provides an appropriate guide and new evidence on disparities across geographical, demographic and particular SEP groups. Higher ASR in specific districts warrants further research to investigate the background predisposing factors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2405-2425
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• 2014

Radiation exposure leads to several pathophysiological conditions, including oxidative damage, inflammation and fibrosis, thereby affecting the survival of organisms. This review explores the radiation countermeasure properties of fourteen (14) plant extracts or plant-derived compounds against these cellular manifestations. It was aimed at evaluating the possible role of plants or its constituents in radiation countermeasure strategy. All the 14 plant extracts or compounds derived from it and considered in this review have shown some radioprotection in different in vivo, ex-vivo and or in vitro models of radiological injury. However, few have demonstrated advantages over the others. C. majus possessing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects appears to be promising in radioprotection. Its crude extracts as well as various alkaloids and flavonoids derived from it, have shown to enhance survival rate in irradiated mice. Similarly, curcumin with its antioxidant and the ability to ameliorate late effect of radiation exposure, combined with improvement in survival in experimental animal following irradiation, makes it another probable candidate against radiological injury. Furthermore, the extracts of P. hexandrum and P. kurroa in combine treatment regime, M. piperita, E. officinalis, A. sinensis, nutmeg, genistein and ginsan warrants further studies on their radioprotective potentials. However, one that has received a lot of attention is the dietary flaxseed. The scavenging ability against radiation-induced free radicals, prevention of radiation-induced lipid peroxidation, reduction in radiation cachexia, level of inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis, are some of the remarkable characteristics of flaxseed in animal models of radiation injury. While countering the harmful effects of radiation exposure, it has shown its ability to enhance survival rate in experimental animals. Further, flaxseed has been tested and found to be equally effective when administered before or after irradiation, and against low doses (${\leq}5Gy$) to the whole body or high doses (12-13.5 Gy) to the whole thorax. This is particularly relevant since apart from the possibility of using it in pre-conditioning regime in radiotherapy, it could also be used during nuclear plant leakage/accidents and radiological terrorism, which are not pre-determined scenarios. However, considering the infancy of the field of plant-based radioprotectors, all the above-mentioned plant extracts/plant-derived compounds deserves further stringent study in different models of radiation injury.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2020

가상가치평가법은 비시장재 가치평가를 위한 중요한 도구이나 가상편의가 존재할 수 있어 그 유효성에 대한 논쟁이 지속되어 왔다. 그러나 가상가치평가 응답자가 그 상황을 완전히 가상적이라고 믿지 않을 수 있는데, 이러한 경우 결과수렴성이 존재한다고 한다. 결과수렴성이 충분히 크다면 추정된 가치가 가상편의로부터 자유로울 수 있다는 점이 최근 해외 연구에 의해 제시되었다. 본 연구에서는 한국 대학생을 대상으로 가상가치평가법으로 추정된 기부금 지불용의액의 결과수렴성이 상대적으로 높은 집단과 낮은 집단의 가상편의를 실험을 통해 비교분석한다. 본 연구의 결과는 결과수렴성이 상대적으로 높은 집단의 가상편의 존재 확률 및 크기가 모두 유의하게 낮아, 결과수렴성이 가상가치평가법의 가상편의를 결정짓는 중요한 요인임을 보여준다. 이러한 결과는 환경정책 등 실제 정책과 관련하여 수행되는 가상가치평가법의 경우 가상편의로부터 자유로울 수 있는 가능성을 제시해 준다는 점에서 그 중요한 정책적 함의를 가지므로, 필드실험 등을 통해 결과수렴성과 가상편의의 관계를 확인해 보는 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.351-363
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• 2015

담화분석은 치매환자의 발화특성을 알아보거나, 환자군을 변별하는 데 있어서 그 효용성이 입증되었다. 그러나 기존의 담화연구들에서 활용된 과제, 전사법, 측정요인들이 서로 상이하므로, 체계적이고 일관적인 분석이 이루어지지 않아 해석을 도출하는데 어려움이 있다. 본 연구는 치매환자의 담화과제, 전사법, 측정요인들을 조사하여 향후 담화분석에 도움이 되고자 하는 목적으로 수행되었다. 이에, 스코퍼스(Scopus) 데이터베이스를 통해 2005년부터 2014년도까지 치매 환자의 담화를 분석한 연구들이 조사되었다. 그 결과, 첫째, 치매환자를 대상으로 가장 많이 쓰인 담화과제는 '주제에 대해 이야기하기'이었다. 둘째, 전사과정에서 일관된 전사규약(transcription conventions)을 적용하는 경우, 좀 더 신뢰성 있는 전사자료를 얻을 수 있었다. 셋째, 담화측정요인들은 담화처리모델에 따라 통일성, 응집성, 생산성, 명제 통사 사전분석, 유창성의 영역들로 범주화되며, 각 범주는 담화처리단계(즉, 개념형성단계, 명제처리단계, 자연언어단계)에 속하였다. 결론적으로, 향후의 담화연구는 치매유형 및 특징에 따라 담화과제를 선정하고, 분석의 신뢰성을 위해 일관된 전사규약을 적용해야 할 것이다. 또한, 담화처리이론에 바탕을 둔 측정을 통해, 담화연구의 해석이 체계적으로 이루어지는 것이 바람직하다고 할 수 있다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2013

Background: The study was conducted to investigate the current status of the occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) in the construction industry and the effect of OHSMS on accident rates. Differences of awareness levels on safety issues among site general managers and occupational health and safety (OHS) managers are identified through surveys. Methods: The accident rates for the OHSMS-certified construction companies from 2006 to 2011, when the construction OHSMS became widely available, were analyzed to understand the effect of OHSMS on the work-related injury rates in the construction industry. The Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency 18001 is the certification to these companies performing OHSMS in South Korea. The questionnaire was created to analyze the differences of OHSMS awareness between site general managers and OHS managers of construction companies. Results: The implementation of OHSMS among the top 100 construction companies in South Korea shows that the accident rate decreased by 67% and the fatal accident rate decreased by 10.3% during the period from 2006 to 2011. The survey in this study shows different OHSMS awareness levels between site general managers and OHS managers. The differences were motivation for developing OHSMS, external support needed for implementing OHSMS, problems and effectiveness of implementing OHSMS. Conclusion: Both work-related accident and fatal accident rates were found to be significantly reduced by implementing OHSMS in this study. The differences of OHSMS awareness between site general managers and OHS managers were identified through a survey. The effect of these differences on safety and other benefits warrants further research with proper data collection.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 1993

전반적 발달장애는 가장 심각한 소아정신과 장애중 하나로 발달의 여러가지 영역에 있어 이상 소견을 보인다. 약물치료로 전반적 발달장애를 완치 할 수 없으며 치료효과 역시 비특이적이다. 그러나 일부의 전반적 발달장애 아동에게 약물치료는 매우 중요하기도 하고, 행동치료나 교육에 임하는 데에 있어 휠씬 도움을 줄 수 있다. 지금까지 가장 많이 연구된 항정신병 약물인 halopcridol은 임상적으로나 통계적으로 확실히 위약보다 훌륭한 효과를 보이고 있고, 약물의 부작용을 초래하지 않으면서 변별학습이나 모방적 언어사용등 긍정적인 기능을 촉진하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 halopcridol의 투여는 약물과 관련된 운동장애를 초래할 수 있기 때문에 보다 안전한 다른 약물을 찾고자 하는 이유가 된다. 지금까지의 몇몇 생화학적인 연구들은 전반적 발달장애 아동의 일부에서 대조군에 비하석 혈중내 세로토닌치가 높거나, 내인성 opioid 측정치가 높은 군이 있을 것이라는 보고를 하고 있다. 이러한 소견을 근거로 하여 약물치료가 시도 되기도 하였는데, 예를들면, fenfluramine이나 naltrexone등이 그러하다. 그러나 아직 까지의 결과는 결론적이지 못하다. 이 약물들과 이 밖에도 지금까지 전반적 발달장애 아동에게 사용되어진 약물들과 그들의 효과에 대하여 고찰하고자 한다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2012

Objectives: With the goal of quantifying the risk of children contracting gastroenteritis while playing at interactive waterscape facilities and evaluating the adequacy of current water quality regulations, risk assessment was performed with Escherichia coli as pathogen. Methods: Abundances of E. coli in the waters of interactive water features in South Korea were acquired from survey reports. A gamma distribution describing the volume of water swallowed by children during swimming activities was adopted. Exposure rate and risk were calculated by Monte Carlo simulation and dose-response models for various pathogenic E. coli. Results: E. coli was detected in 25 out of 40 facilities, with range of ~1,600 CFU/100 ml. The abundance fitted an exponential distribution. Simulated exposures ranged ${\sim}1.9{\times}10^{10}$ CFU, varying greater along E. coli abundance than the volume of water. Risk of children being infected by enterohemorrhagic E. coli was high, with range of ~0.85. When E. coli abundance was <200 CFU/100 ml, which is the current government threshold, the risk decreased to <0.43. Although the guideline successfully reduced the risk of adults being infected by a less virulent E. coli strains (<0.03), the risk for children could not be quantified due to lack of dose-response models for those pathogens for children. Conclusions: Under the current guideline, children are at risk of being infected if water is contaminated with by enterohemorrhagic E. coli. For other E. coli strains, the risk appears to be considerably less. The result warrants need for developing dose-response models for children for each pathogenic E. coli strain.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제71권4호
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• pp.278-281
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• 2011

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a complex clinical entity resulting from an allergic immune response to Aspergillus species, and most often occurs in patients with asthma. ABPA is rarely observed in the absence of asthma, which is, in fact, the principal criterion for its diagnosis. Our patient was a 53-year-old woman with no history of bronchial asthma. She presented with a 1-month history of cough, mucopurulent nasal discharge, and localized pulmonary consolidation. Peripheral blood eosinophilia and elevated serum IgE were observed. Sinus radiography showed right maxillary sinusitis. Pathologic examination of bronchoscopic biopsy specimens revealed conglomerates of fungal hyphae. Pulmonary function and bronchial provocation tests were within normal ranges. The patient was successfully treated for 3 months with itraconazole and oral prednisolone. There has been no evidence of recurrence over a 7-month follow-up. ABPA coupled with sinusitis in a nonasthmatic patient is a very rare occurrence and warrants reporting.