• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 1998

Purpose : To assess knowledge levels of cancer warning signs, a descriptive study wad conducted in Chungju rural area. Materials and Methods : We conducted a population-based study of men women who were 30 years of age or older, living in a three myens of Chungju rural area. Of 8,026 residents in 3 Myens, 1,148 adults(30 years of age or older) were completed structured questionnaire survey from July 21, 1997 to July 26, 1997. 7 cancer warning signs were used to assess knowledge level of cancer warning signs. Results : Participants in this study were poorly informed about the cancer warning signs, and the 24.9% of participants and divided by two groups. The high level group was 19.3%, and the low 80.7%. In this initial univariate analysis, the following variables were significantly associated with knowledge levels of cancer warning signs: age, sex, education, living with parter, annual income, smoking status, hepatitis vaccination, perceived possibility of cancer, previous cancer-screening examinations. In multivariate logistic analysis, we found three variables, sex, education level, previous pap-smear test, are significantly associated with knowledge levels of cancer warning signs. The knowledge level was higher among women, people with higher education, and those who had previous pap-smear examination. Conclusion : This study demonstrates that cancer warning signs are not common knowledge among the rural public. It also indicates the need for cancer education to improve knowledge in the rural public and the develop education programmes targeted especially at the old, men, and those who had not cancer screening examination should be considered to plan.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2006

Objective : This study was aimed to investigated the warning signs and its relationship with the other characteristics in acute stroke patients. Methods : Three-hundred sixty three acute stroke patients were recuited in the oriental medical hospitals of 3 universities located in metropolitan region from October in 2005 to October in 2006. We evaluated their stroke type with brain MRI, their waring signs, and general characteristics such as age, sex, past history, risk factor, etc. Result : Of the 363 patient, 138(38%) patients were experience of warning signs. The frequency of Stress were found more in experience of warning signs than none of them. Warning signs were more common in Large Artery Atherosclerosis than in the other etiology. Conclusion : Although a concrete conclusion can hardly be drawn from this study, it reminds physicians of the importance of warning signs which their patients appeal. For the further investigation, it seems to be necessary to construct fundamental databases for stroke by increasing the number of patients and by examination into the etiology and location.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4723-4726
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• 2014

Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world and by far the most frequent cancer among women. Objective: The present study was undertaken to assess the awareness of breast cancer warning signs and screening methods among the women of Pokhara valley, Nepal. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out in a community setting with the female population. The questionnaire was administered in face-to-face interviews by trained research assistants. Results: Nepalese women demonstrated poor awareness of warning signs like a breast lump, lump under the armpit, bleeding or discharge from the nipple, pulling of the nipple, changes in the position of the nipple, nipple rash, redness of the breast skin, changes in the size of the breast or nipple, changes in the shape of the breast or nipple, pain in the breast or armpit, and dimpling of the breast skin. While 100% of nurses were aware about breast self-examination(BSE), mammography and warning signs of breast cancer. Levels of knowledge were significantly poorer in women with other occupations. Graduates were more aware about BSE, mammogram and warning signs of breast cancer compared to those with other educational levels. Conclusions: The findings indicated that the level of awareness of breast cancer, including knowledge of warning signs and BSE, is sub-optimal among Nepalese women.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.322-332
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• 2010

In this study, the effectiveness of the warning signs was investigated. n order to survey, adult men and women surveyed 131 peoples. Findings are as follows. Warning level, warning statements, warning size, warning location, warning color is influenced consumers' perception level. However, the location of warning labels, the number of alerts, warnings, symbol type, fonts had no impact on the level of perception. In addition, Awareness have a positive impact on repurchase intention and recommend intention.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.733-740
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• 2007

Objective : This study investigated the relationship between warning signs and Sasang constitution (SC) in acute stroke patients. Methods : From October in 2005 to March in 2007, 629 acute stroke patients were studied. Patients were hospitalized within 14 days after the onset ofstroke at one of 3 oriental medical hospitals in Seoul and Kyong-gi province. We assessed the type of SC of acute stroke patients by Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Classification II (QSCC II). We investigated warning signs (motor weakness, blindness, dysarthria, sensory disturbance, finger dullness, facial & eyelid spasm, neck stiffness), general characteristics, etc. Results : This study showed a higher proportion of Tae-eum & So-eum experience upper extremity sensory disturbance but So-yangexperience lower extremity sensory disturbance. Smoker So-eumexperience 1st & 2nd finger dullness more than non-smoker So-eum. So-eum women experience motor weakness more than So-eum men. Conclusion : Besides these results, we could observe almost no relationship between warning signs and Sasang constitution (SC) in acute stroke patients. More data from prospective cohort studies will help people better understand the relationship between warning signs and Sasang constitution (SC) in acute stroke patients.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2009

VMS(Variable Message Signs)는 도로를 주행하는 불특정 다수의 운전자에게 실시간으로 교통정보를 제공하는 대표적인 수단으로써 널리 보급되어 있다. VMS를 통해 제공되는 메시지는 운전자에게 교통운영 및 교통제어의 기능을 수행하며, 경고정보 메시지는 교통사고와 직접적으로 관련된 개별차량의 속도와 운전자의 주행경로 선정에 많은 영향을 미친다. 그러나 VMS를 통한 정보제공 방안 중 교통사고 예방을 위한 경고정보 메시지 설계에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 경고정보 메시지를 효과적으로 전달 할 수 있는 메시지 설계 방안을 도출하기 위하여 특정지점에 이동하여 설치 운영할 수 있는 PVMS(Portable Variable Message Signs)를 이용한 실험 및 분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 실험을 1 2차로 구분하여 실시하였다. 1차실험은 TEXT 표출방법, '픽토그램 또는 기호' 표출 방법, TEXT와 '픽토그램 또는 기호'의 조합을 통한 표출방법으로 구분하여 이용자 선호도를 조사하였다. 또한, 2차 실험은 1차 실험(이용자 선호도 조사)의 결과를 조합하여 PVMS 메시지를 설계 후 실제 주행환경에 적용하여 1차 실험 결과의 현장 적용 타당성을 평가하였다. 본 연구 결과는 정보 설계를 위한 기초자료로서 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.708-718
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between risk factors, warning signs, tongue diagnosis, pulse pattern, pattern identification and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale in acute stroke patients. Methods : We studied patients hospitalized within 4 wks after their ictus who were admitted at the Internal Medical Department at Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center, Kyunghee University East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyungwon University Songpa Oriental Medical Center, Kyungwon University Incheon Oriental Medical Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Oriental Medical Center from April 2007 to August 2009. We analyzed the relationship between risk factors, warning signs, tongue diagnosis, pulse pattern, pattern identification and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale in acute stroke patients. Results : 1506 subjects were included into the final analysis. 1. In the risk factors, the NIHSS mean score of atrial fibrillation was significantly higher than non-atrial fibrillation. 2. In the warning signs, the NIHSS mean scores of weakness, loss of eyesight, dysarthria, and sensory loss were significantly higher than in the non-warning signs. 3. There were no significant differences in lifestyle, tongue fur color, pattern identification between groups. 4. In the tongue color, the NIHSS mean score of red was significantly higher than pale or pale red. 5. There were significant differences statistically between forceful/weak, fine/not fine, slippery/not slippery pulse and NIHSS score. Conclusion : The above results show the relationship between risk factors, warning signs, tongue diagnosis, pulse pattern, pattern identification and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale in acute stroke patients. These results can be utilized in the future as a basis material.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.54-58
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was aimed to investigated the relationship between warning signs and stroke subtype in acute stroke patients. Methods : From Oct. in 2005 to Oct. in 2006, 409 acute stroke patients were included. Patients were hospitalized within 14 days after the onset of stroke in DongGuk University International Hospital, Kyungwon University In-cheon Oriental Medical Hospital, Department Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases(Stroke center) Kyung Hee University Oriental hospital. We investigated general characteristics, stroke subtype, and warning signs(facial spasm, neck stiffness). Results : Hemorrhagic stroke had more facial spasm than ischemic stroke. (odds ratio 3.60) Small vessel occlusion had more neck stiffness than others. (odds ratio 2.03) Conclusion : To acquire more concrete conclusions on warning signs, we need further and large scale of prospective researches.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.47-67
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was aimed to investigated the warning signs and its relationship with the other characteristics in acute stroke patients. Methods : 225 acute stroke patients were recruited at the Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases (Stroke Center) of Kyung Hee University Oriental Hospital from October 2005 to September 2006. We evaluated their stroke type with brain MRI, their warning signs, and general characteristics such as age, sex, past history, risk factors, etc. Results : 225 subjects were included in the final analysis. In the subjects' general characteristics, the most common etiology of stroke was small vessel occlusion. In the assessment of the subjects' warning signs, the frequency of tension felt at the cervical area was highest followed by blepharospasm, sensory dysfunction (one side of numbness, tingling sensation, dead sensation), one side paralysis or weakness, etc. After analyzing etiology, cerebral hemorrhage had more facial spasm sign and hypertension than cerebral infarction. On the other hand, cerebral infarction had more diabetes and sensory dysfunction (one side of numbness, tingling sensation, dead sensation) than cerebral hemorrhage. Among stroke locations, subjects with their brain lesion in the cortex had more warning sings of motor dysfunction such as one side paralysis, or weakness. Multiple lesions showed a close relationship with smoking habit and were more common in males than in females. The under 65 years old group were more commonly associated with alcohol consumption, accidental mental stress and blepharospam than the over 65 years old group. In the group of under 65 years old, males more commonly had lesions in occipital lobe, alcohol consumption and smoking habit than females. Otherwise, females more commonly had vision dysfunction and blepharospasm than males. In the group of over 65 years old, males more commonly had cortex lesion than females. On the other hand, Females more commonly had accidental mental stress than males. Conclusions : We observed various warning signs and their distribution in acute stroke patients. The subjects' brainlesions and their etiology seemed to affect the features of the warning signs. Hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia were also related to etiology of stroke and some habitual problems such as smoking and drinking seemed to reduce the age of stroke ictus. Although a concrete conclusion can hardly be drawn from this study, it reminds physicians of the importance of warning signs which appear among their patients.

• 한국품질경영학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국품질경영학회 2009년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.136-146
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• 2009

This performed a study for the warning indication method and to prevent "defect in expression" that could occur at a product use stage in this study. To accomplish this, companies can increase effectiveness in the warning process presented apply to products which have a direct warning methodology by looking at the combination of research has demonstrated. How to study the existing warning signs of improvement throughout the consumer's visibility, readability, increased availability understand this consumer satisfaction measurement results confirm the safety three years could find lasting satisfaction to rise.