• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was carried out to identify DNA markers of "Allium sativum" be circulated from Korea and China, which is difficult to discriminate from morphological characters because of fragmental materials of bulb. That is, all these studies focused on the discrimination of Allium sativum L. But these day, Chinese A. sativum was in circulated Korean A. sativum in Korean medicine markets. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to develop molecular markers for discrimination between Korean A. sativum and imports from China. Methods : Materials were collected randomly from a markets in Korea and China and be analyzed with matK, ndhF and trnL-F regions of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). We collected 45 A. sativum individuals from Korean and Chinese medicine markets, in 2013. Results : As a results, matK and ndhF regions of cpDNA was shown to be identify, Species that grow from warm place and cold place can divide as five SNP (Single nucleotide polymorphisms) markers in matK and ndhF genes. Also, in trnL-F regions, found one SNP that can divide Korean A. sativum and Chinese A. sativum. Conclusions : From the analysis of matK and ndhF regions of cpDNA, we presumed that three markers of cpDNA were found by useful marker that can distinguish Korean, Chinese, Warm place type, and Cold place type. Individual differences of Korean and Chinese was thought that appear in geographical difference and genetic difference by environment for long hour even if same species.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.354-363
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• 1995

1992년 1월부터 6월까지의 인공위성 적외선 영상자료를 이용하여 속초 근해에 형성된 와동류의 시간적 변화에 대하여 연구하였고 동년 5월에 그 구조를 관측하였다 와동류의 형성에는 두 가지 종류의 과정이 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 첫 번째로 1월의 영상자료에 의하면 난류의 대량 공급으로 인하여 약 200km 크기의 와동류가 형성되었다. 그 이후에 약간의 변형과 냉각과정을 거쳐서 3월에는 난류의 좁은 필라멘트가 북쪽으로 침투하면서 어느 정도 냉각된 기존의 와동류를 포위함으로써 4-5월에는 반지모양의 와동류로 발달하는 두 번째의 형성과정이었다. 와동류의 내부에는 수온 $10.0-10.4^{\circ}C$의 균질 중층수가 최대 170m의 두께로 존재하였다. 속초 근처 동한난류의 축에서의 유속 약 80cm/sec를 제외하면 나머지 부분의 와동류 내부에는 대체로 30-50cm/sec의 유속분포를 보였고 주수온약층 밑으로는 유속이 급격히 감소하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1998년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.95-100
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to describe the change of the spring bloom and oceanographic condition. The variation of pigment concentration derived from the satellite ocean color data has been analyzed. According to the movement of blooming area, blooming was very concerned with a rising trend of sea surface temperature and a supply of nutrients. A nutrient rich water carried by the Oyashio encounters with the warm Core ring, where mixings and blooms are observed. We examined the correlation by using the satellite observations of the temperature and chlorophyll-a for the spring seasons (May, June, July) of 1998 the off Sanriku area (38-43N, 141- l50E). Using the SeaWiFS data, we process the data into the level-3, which contains the geophysical value of chlorophyll-a. And chlorophyll-a data is mapped for the water between 110E and 160E, and 15N and 52N with a 0.08 * 0.05 degree grid for each image. And Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data is produced using the AVHRR onboard the NOAA. The SST is derived by the MCSST. Then, the data is mapped for the water as much as chi-a data. And these gridded image was made by detection of each water masses, which are Kuroshio Extension, the warm-core ring and the Oyashlo Intrusion, etc., using those satellite images to determine short term change. Off Sanriku is a place where warm-water pool and the Oyashio at-e mixed. When warm streamer has intruded in cold water, the volume of phytoplankton increases at the tip of warm streamer. Warm water streamer was trigger of occurring blooming. And also, SeaWiFS images provided as much information for the studies of chlorophyll-a concentrations in the surface.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2017

Objective : Doctors' discussions on Makwon's warm-disease are studied in an effort to contemplate a way to use the outcome in practice. Method : Doctors' discussions on Makwon as found in researches and texts are categorized into physical and pathologica, and their symptoms and treatments are analyzed. Result & Conclusion : Many doctors of warm disease explained that, in terms of the physical aspect, Makwon is closely related to stomach. Some doctors also mentioned its relationship with triple engizers, defense and nutrient qi, and spleen. In terms of pathology, most of the doctors considered Makwon to be a hiding place of foul turbidity pathogen, and explained that a treatment has to be applied before the disease pattern worsens. Diverse syndroms of Makwonwere introduced. Their discussions mainly revolved around warm and epidemic or category of dampness-heat diseases. Alternating chills and fever was also mentioned often, and generalized pain, nausea, tongue of thick and slimy fur symptoms are shown. Ouguk's Dalwonneum is used as the basic treatment. The most effective prevention method of the incubation of pathogen are the symptoms that allows the analysis of the mechanism of disease. Therefore, a good utilization method of resolve turbidity with aroma or spices may contribute to the prevention of Makwon-disease in terms of cultural aspect.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.1-21
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• 1959

1. The plant communities on Mt. Sulak, a typical alpine mountain in central Korea was researched from the standpoint of ecological survey. 2. The plant on this mountain can largely be classified into 2 categories, the warm zone (below 1100m) and the frigid zone. The former is again classified into a broad-leaved tree formation and a needle-leved tree formation, and the latter is calssified into a broad-leaved tree formation and needle-leaved tree formation, and shrub formation. 3. The broad-leaved tree formation in the warm zone can largely be classified into a Carpinus laxiflora-syringa Palibiniana var. kanibayashi association(1), a Carpinus erosa-Acer Pseudo-sieboldianun association(2), and a Quercus mongolica- Tripterygium Regelii association(3). 4. The needle-leaved tree formation in the warm zone can also largely ben classified into a Pinus densiflora- Miscanthus sinensis association(4), Abies holophylla- Tripterygium regelii association(5), Pinus kordiensis- Rhododendron schlippenbachii association(6) In the association(4), the canopy of the Pinus densiflora is gradually being occupied by the Quercus mongolica which is one kind of broad-leaved trees. 5. We can fully see a DryoPteris type of the flour layer plant type in the association (3) and also see a Sasamorpha type in the association (5). 6. The broad-leaved tree formation in the frigid zone can largely be classified into Quercus mongolica- Rhododendron schlippenbachii association (8). The constituents of tree and subtree layers in (7) and (8) associations are similar to those association (3), but the constituents of the shrub layer are different from those of associtation (3) due to the difference in height. 7. The needle-leaved formation in the frigid zone can largely be classified into Thuja koraiensisRodgersia podophylla var. viritis association (9) and Abies nephrolepis-Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes asscciation (10). The species of alpine plants or subalpine plants are gradually increased in this formation. 8. The shrub formation can also largely be classified into a Rhododendron mucronulatum- Patrinia saniculaefolia association (11) and Pinus pumila associatio (12). Association (12) has largely developed on the windy place. Association (12) was burned due to the bombing during the Korean war, but now we recoginized there occurred an invasion of Tripterygium Regelii in such a place. 9. The herb layer species which constitute the shrub formation are mostly alpine or subalpine plants of small size, and their kinds are also very few. 10. The growth of the Moss layer is especially good because of the varied conditions of the habitat. The kinds which can easily be seen are the genus of Thunidium, Haplocladium, Brachythecium, Macromitrium, Holonitrium, Atrichum, Schwstchkeopsis, Grimmia, Hedwigia, Rhynchostegium and Mnium. 11. The genus of the Sphagnum densly grows like a mat at the acid and moisturous place above 1100m. The authors should express their thanks to father. Yang Kisup, Dean of Catholic Medical College, Prof. Yoon Doksuen, from their valuable advice. Thanks arealso due to Prof. Numata, Chiba University, Prof. Takagi, Nagoya University and Prof. Ando, Hiroshima University in Japan for his kind help and identification of Bryophytes.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.479-490
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• 1997

본 연구는 두모계의 古地名이 언제부터 한민족과 함께하기 시작했으며, 그것이 지니는 어원적 의미에 관하여 고찰한 것이다. 두모계의 屬地名과 種地名을 분석한 결과, 고대 사회에서는 地名과 人名간에 交界領域이 있었으며, 고구려와 백제의 시조인 주몽과 그의 아들비류와 온조는 본래 人名이 아니라 地名에서 비롯된 것으로 추정된다. 특히 주몽은 두모계 지명에서 비롯된 人名으로 간주되며, 온조는 아버지의 영향으로 도읍지를 두머에 천도한 것으로 생각된다. 두모는 산으로 둘러싸여 있고 하천이 흐르는 온화한 주거 공간을 의미하며, 이같은 한민족 특유의 立地術은 고대에 이른바 東夷文化圈에 전파되었을 것으로 추정된다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.265-268
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• 2004

Molecular clouds present many levels of structure, including clumps and cores of varying size and density. We present a brief summary of these cores, describing their observed physical properties and their place in the star formation process. We conclude with some speculation about pre-proto-stellar stages of molecular cores and the observational challenges in their observation.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.203-215
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• 1995

1983년 4월과 5월에 걸쳐 제주해협에서 부표와 해류계를 이용한 해류관측과 함께 2회에 걸쳐 수온-염분관측을 실시하였다. 관측자료로부터 고온, 고염인 흑조 의 한 지류가 제주도 서쪽을 돌아 제주해협으로 유입됨을 명확히 보였다. 제주도 서쪽을 우회하는 해류는 제주도 서쪽에서는 그 폭이 약 60 km이며 제주 해협내 에서는 20∼30 km 이내에 존재하여 제주도 서쪽에서는 5 cm/s 미만으로 유속이 작은 반면에 제주해협의 서쪽입구와 해협 내에서는 10 cm/s 이상의 큰 유속을 갖는다. 제주해협의 동쪽에는 역시 흑조로부터 기원된 대마난류의 영향이 인지 되었다. 난류수와 연안수 사이에 형성되는 수온, 염분전선의 변화는 제주 해협의 서쪽에서 황해연안수가 남하함을 제시하였다. 난류수역에서는 5월에 수온이 상승 한 반면에 다른 해역에서는 수온이 감소하였다. 5월에 제주해협 중앙부에서는 해 협의 서쪽으로부터 저온, 저염의 해수가 유입되어 4월에 비해 수온과 염분이 급격 히 감소하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2014

Fairy Pittas use the forest around the valley and Gotjawal as breeding places. This survey was conducted to investigate the characteristic of earthworms, specifically its population density, body size around the breeding site in Gotjawal and the forest around the valley areas from the middle of July to the end of July 2013. A total of 405 individual earthworms were collected in the 100 small established quadrats, in which 315 were found in Gotjawal and 90 were found in the forest around the valley area. The density of earthworms in Gotjawal was significantly higher compared to that forest around the valley area. It was also observed that the body size of earthworms was significantly different between Gotjawal and the forest around the valley area. Proportion of number of individuals which are larger than 7cm in body size was 43%(n=135) in Gotjawal and 84%(n=76) in the forest around the valley area, respectively. Soil area was not important factor to the density of earthworms. We suggest that Gotjawal can be considered as a suitable breeding site for Fairy Pitta because of the richness of its primary food in this area.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2021

The asphalt pavement industry has introduced the warm-mix asphalt (WMA) as a mean of energy saving and environmentally safe technology, because the WMA mixture can be mixed and compacted at 30℃ lower than conventional hot-mix asphalt (HMA) at 160℃ or higher. The implementation of WMA can be a good option for paving operations for rural road in remote place, not only due to energy saving and environmental issues, but also lower working temperature. Using WMA technology, the cooled-down asphalt mixture can be still compacted to meet the quality requirement in narrow winding rural road in remote places. Therefore, this study is designed to evaluate engineering properties of WMA binders and concretes, which were prepared for rural road pavement. The objective of the study was to evaluate and suggest proper fundamental properties level of the WMA concrete for rural road pavement. The kinematic viscosity test result indicated that the WMA binders used in this study were effective for compaction at lower temperature, i.e., at 115℃, compared to the HMA binder. According to strength property analyses, it was found that the WMA concrete was acceptable for rural road pavement even though it was compacted at 30℃ lower level. Since the deformation strength (SD) of 3.2 MPa was found to satisfy rutting and cracking resistance minimum guidelines, this value was suggested as a minimum SD value for rural road pavement, considering lack of maintenance program for rural area.