• 수완나부미
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.149-180
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• 2023

This article explores religious responses to significant cultural and social change in a northern Vietnamese delta village from 1996 to 2008-the second decade after de-collectivization. Drawing upon extensive fieldwork in both the village and surrounding religious networks, the article teases out the meanings of the new religious movements for northern rural people in the new era of market economy; the symbols, language, and metaphoric resources people used in response to their uncertainty and mistrust of the new social landscape; and the unintended consequences of rapid societal development such as marginalization, tensions, and social disintegration. The article argues that as in milleniarism elsewhere, new religious movements in northern rural Vietnam embody unorthodox syncretism between world religious and local traditions, thus linking past, present, and future. However, when drawing upon a common reservoir of memories and experiences to cope with risks and challenges of the new market world, local people not only drew on the power and imperial metaphor of deities in their traditional religion and belief, but became more creative to recuperate meanings, standards, and symbols from revolutionary discourse to reorient themselves, and overcome alienation and marginalization.

• 영어영문학
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.279-304
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• 2012

Since the publication of Foucault's Discipline and Punish, theatricality has become one of the key concepts in New Historicism. By defining theatricality as the most definitive feature of early modern society and culture, New Historicists have promoted the idea that theatrical practices in every day life were eventually replaced by textual practices as the western society started to undergo modernization with the advent of print culture and technologies. This paper questions this linear model of English literature, the shift of literary practices from theatricality to textuality in the event of modernization, by closely looking at the ways in which newsbooks and playlets during the English civil wars appealed to their target readers. The early print-based literary commodities during the English civil war (i.e. newsbooks and playlets) were able to win the attention of their audience not by breaking away from theatrical energy and creativity but instead by embracing and taking advantage of them through the use of dramatic conventions, dialogues, and many others. The newsbooks and the playlets during the time, however, did not simply replicate the dramatic forms and experiences of the previous generation. Instead, as the case study of Craftie Cromwell exemplifies, they went further to produce a different mode of theatricality by reshaping everyday lives into serialized drama, whose resolution is always already delayed and postponed into the ever-receding future. In conclusion, the study of the newsbook and playlets during the civil wars suggests that the textuality of modern times, materialized in print forms, have been co-evolved with the development of new theatricality, whose contents and forms are susceptible to the changes of everyday reality.

• 한국노년학
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.429-449
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• 2019

본 논문의 목적은 제2차 세계대전 이후부터 신 노동당 정부까지 영국의 노인을 위한 개인적 사회 서비스 정책의 복지 다원주의의 역동성을 밝히고, 그것의 정책적 함의를 논하는 것이다. 이를 위해 1945년부터 2010년까지 보수당, 노동당, 신 노동당 정부 및 의회 보고서, 의회 회의록, 전당대회 원고, 법률, 국립기록보존관의 비밀 해제 문서, 각종 연구 기관의 보고서를 내용분석 한 결과, 노인을 위한 개인적 사회 서비스 정책의 복지 다원주의의 역동성에서 국가는 NHS에서와 달리, 해당 시기 내내 민간 영역의 보조 역할에만 머문 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 구조에서 민간 영역의 역할이 국가의 역할 보다 지나치게 강화되었을 때 영국 노인들이 겪었던 부작용은 문재인 정부의 노인을 위한 커뮤니티케어 복지 다원주의 구조 형성에 유의미한 정책적 함의를 제공해주고 있다.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제32호
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• pp.71-101
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 17세기 병자호란시 호지(胡地)에 피로되었던 조선 백성의 피로담을 통해 전쟁과 백성의 삶에 대해 살펴보고자 하였다. 평민 김승경과 안추원은 어린 나이에 몽고 북경으로 포로로 끌려가 27년간 포로생활을 하다가 조선으로 탈출해 왔다. 김승경과 안추원은 전쟁으로 인해 뒤틀린 자신의 삶을 되돌려 놓기 위해 도망을 선택하였다. 탈출에 성공한 김승경은 고향에 가족들이 생존해 있어 별 어려움 없이 생활할 수 있었지만, 안추원은 가족의 생사조차 파악할 길이 없었고 그에게 정신적 경제적 지원을 해줄 곳은 어디에도 없었다. 그는 다시 북경으로 탈출을 시도하다 발각되어 청과의 외교문제를 일으키게 되었다. 김승경 안추원의 이야기는 역경에 굴하지 않고 자신의 삶을 강한 의지로 극복하려고 했던 조선 백성들의 삶을 보여준다. 피로체험은 피로인 당사자들에게는 기억하기 싫을 정도로 끔찍한 경험이었겠지만, 이들에 의해 전해진 이국 문화와 풍습은 당대인들에게 새로운 세계에 대해 눈 뜨게 하는 기회가 될 수 있었다. 당시 조선 조정은 피로인의 수나 실태조차 제대로 파악하지 못할 정도로 무기력한 상태에 있었다. 그러나 도망포로를 청으로 돌려보내야하는 송환규정을 어기고 자국민 보호를 위해 아주 최소한의 의무를 다하고 있었다. 조선 백성의 피로체험담을 통해 자주적인 역사를 펼쳐나가지 못한 17세기 조선사회와, 망각의 그늘 속에 가려져 있는 현대사의 전쟁포로 문제 등에 대해 반추할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1045-1057
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• 1991

Over the past four decades after World War II a great deal of data and clinical experiences have been accumulated relating to the diagnosis and surgical treatment of cardiovascular diseases in Korea. Clinical data after the first open heart surgery by Professor Yung Kyoon Lee on August 7, 1959 up to 1984 revealed the total number of cardiovascular surgery in Korea as 13,100 cases performed in 22 institutes with overall hospital mortality of 7.7%[Cardiovascular Surgery in Korea 1985], Publishing committee of the Korean Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgical Society collected the data of cardiovascular surgical cases in Korea again in between 1985 and 1990 from 38 institutes out of total 42 institutes of open heart centers in Korea. The results are: 1. The survey reply ratio was 90.5%[38 out of 42 institutes]. 2. Of the total 30,061 cases of cardiovascular surgery reported from 38 institutes 1,402 cases were failed as hospital mortality of 4.7%[4.5% of the 21,761 operations for congenital, and 5.2% of the 8,300 operations for acquired heart diseases]. Out of the total congenital cases, 17,303 cases were acyanotic group with a operative mortality as 2.0%, and 4,458 cases were cyanotic group with a hospital mortality as 14.le The incidence of corrective operations for complex congenital cardiac anomalies were increasing recently with decreasing age group. 3. During the year in 1990, 38 institutes performed 5,427 cardiovascular surgery with a hospital mortality of 3.4%. 4. Of the total cumulative 6,458 cases for cardiac valve surgery more than 90% cases were put to prosthetic valve replacement with hospital mortality as 4.8%. And the incidence of re-Do valve surgery was increasing recently as 13.1% in 1990. 5. Coronary artery bypass graft was increasing recently with 7.9% of hospital mortality in total 440 cases. Intracardiac operation for intractable arrhythmia was started since 1987 as 49 cases in total. Experiences on VAD and ECMO were also reported sporadically in recent year. 6. Home made oxygenator[OXYREX] is now in clinical use, and under animal experiment for clinical trial in near future.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.371-382
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• 1985

Over the past 4 decades after World War II a great deal of data and clinical experiences have been accumulated relating to the diagnosis and surgical treatment of congenital and acquired cardiovascular diseases in Korea. Clinical data on cardiovascular surgical cases performed in all 22 hospitals for open heart surgery in Korea was collected from it`s starting up to December 1984. The first recorded open heart surgery for a young adult atrial septal defect was performed by Young Kyoon Lee, M.D. on August 7, 1959, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea. And, some scattered reports on cardiovascular surgical cases in it`s early period have changed recently the number of hospitals for open heart surgery and clinical cases enormously in total amount of 13, 100 cardiovascular operations performed on 12, 990 cases up to December 1984. Of the total 13, 100 cardiovascular operations, congenital cardiovascular anomaly occupied 70%. Of the congenital cases, 6, 580 operations for acyanotic group [operative mortality 4.5%], and 2, 489 operations for cyanotic group [operative mortality 20%]. The incidence of congenital cardiovascular anomaly in order of frequency was ventricular septal defect [29%], patent ductus arteriosus [26%], Tetralogy of Fallot [22%], atrial septal defect [8, 6%], pulmonary valve stenosis [3.0%], and endocardial cushion defect [1.1%]. Of the 3, 412 valvular heart disease cases, which occupied 85% of total 4, 031 acquired cardiovascular disease, individual incidence was in mitral 2, 565 [63.5%], double valve 451 [11.1%], and simple aortic valve 351 [8.7%]. Total number of valve replaced, mechanical and tissue, was 2, 795, and 1, 884 for mitral, 808 for aortic, and 103 for tricuspid in position. Operative mortality for prosthetic valve replacement in total was 9.8%. Remained acquired cardiovascular cases chronic constrictive pericarditis [7.9%], cardiac tumor [1.9%], coronary artery bypass [1.8%], cardiac trauma [1.2%] and less than 1% of thoracic aortic aneurysm. Overall operative mortality for open and non-open cardiovascular surgical operation was 7.7% [congenital acyanotic group 3.2%, congenital cyanotic group 19.4%, and acquired group 7.8%]. In conclusion, present status of cardiovascular surgery in Korea is stabilized with accumulation of clinical cases and experiences, and the future in the field of cardiovascular surgery is promising, especially in the infant cardiac surgery and aortocoronary bypass surgery, with abrupt increase of specialized cardiac centers, trained specialists, and expanding social health insurance.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2003년도 학술발표회논문집(1)
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• pp.219-225
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• 2003

The World Commission on Dams (WCD) in November 2000 published "Dams and Development" as its only and final report. The report proposed "internationally acceptable criteria and standards" Despite the (act that the WCD itself did not regard the report as a blue print, many NGO's strongly support the report and the guidelines, and demand that they be adopted in their current form by funding organizations. The WCD recommendations and guidelines were found to have several "generic" problems, and the proposed guidelines appear unable to be applied as they stand. The authors assume that only several of these guidelines are operational and many of these are either too experimental or theoretical to be put into use. Furthermore, some seemingly "ready for operation" guidelines still need to be enhanced to be really operational in the real world. About 2,000 large dams were constructed in Japan after the Second World War. Various principles and mechanisms were then developed to better address the issues related to involuntary resettlement. The knowledge accumulated through large dam construction projects in Japan may be applied to other countries. The aim of this paper is to identify the lessons, out of the experiences gained in Japan through large dam construction projects in the past, which could be applicable for future large dam construction projects in other nations. The socio-economic settings as well as legal frameworks in Japan may differ other nation. Nevertheless, the following aspects of the experiences gained in Japan are found to be both applicable and useful for future large dam construction projects abroad: (a) Integrity of community in the negotiation process, (b) Provision of alternative occupations, (c) Funding mechanism in the post-project period, (d) Measures needed during planning process, and (e) Making resettlers "shareholders". These lessons may prove useful to enhance the WCD guidelines.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.131-144
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• 2012

소셜 이슈 기능성 게임의 목표는 사회적 현안에 대한 사용자 인식 변화이다. 이 때 내러티브를 활용할 경우, 단순히 건조한 정보 전달에 그칠 때보다 감정적 자극 전달이 용이해진다는 점에서 사용자를 효과적으로 설득할 가능성이 높아질 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 교육 내용을 담고 있는 내러티브의 각 요소가 게임 기획자가 의도한 대로 사용자의 특정 감정을 유발하는지의 여부와 그를 통한 교육효과를 분석하기 위해 게임 <나누별 이야기>를 플레이한 사용자를 대상으로 초점집단면접 방식의 인터뷰를 진행하였다. 이후 인터뷰 내용에서 언급된 감정단어를 한국어 감정단어목록에 의거해 추출하고, 추출된 감정단어를 Russell의 감정원형모형에 사상해 그룹화 했다. 분석 결과 사용자들은 <나누별 이야기>의 내러티브에서 주로 불쾌(unpleasant)에 해당하는 감정을 느꼈으며, 이는 분단에 대한 슬픔 공유와 그를 통한 통일 의식 환기라는 게임의 목표를 달성하는 데 긍정적인 역할을 한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2014

Light has been considered as one of the most important elements in architectural design. Light provides occupants in buildings a lot of architectural experiences by interrelating the space, shape and other design elements. Especially, natural light is the valuable source to create the better indoor space compared to artificial light. It is a sustainable energy source and offers a more natural environment. It also enables occupants to perceive the form and depth of space. In general. many of architects including Henri Ciriani have tried to design buildings with natural light expecting optimum indoor environment. Therefore, this paper tried to examine the works of Henri Ciriani and analyze how to control the light in his works. For this purpose, two museums designed by Henri Ciriani-Arles Museum of Archaeology and Great War Historical Museum in Peronne - were selected to analyze how Henri Ciriani used light in his design phase and applied it to his museum works. According to the results of the study, it has been proved that Henri Ciriani tried to realize a space continuum through the spatial expansion, openness and closeness by natural light and incorporate the architectural form, interior space and exhibition circulation with natural light in order to create innovative exhibition space in museum buildings.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1991년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국제학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 22-24 Oct. 1991
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• pp.1681-1686
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• 1991

In robotics and other fields of engineering, techniques for artificial reality or virtual reality are focused on and studied extensively, e.g., virtual existence for tele-operator systems in robotics, and virtual reality of designed objects in architecture. In order to realize the system we should create physical stimulations according to internal models created by experiences in a human brain. The internal model does not have to have direct connections to the real world, however, the stimulation must be signals such that the internal model are retrieved in a human brain. In this paper we propose a technique for tele-virtual reality of dynamic mechanical models, which means that one dynamic mechanical model can be shared by peoples in distant places. Since a stability issue due to time delays arises in the system, we employed a scattering technique developed for a tele-operator system and a kind of passive adaptive controllers. Furthermore, restrictions due to a simple digital implementation of the scattering transformation are discussed and some conditions for stability are shown. The proposed method is applied to a remote tug of war system and the effectiveness is verified.