• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.811-814
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• 2002

Using a mathematical theory, we show that the optimality condition of a turbulent diffuser with maximum pressure recovery at the exit is zero shear stress along the wall. The optimal diffuser shape is designed through iterative procedures by using the $k-{\varepsilon}-{\nu}^{2}-f$ turbulence model for flow simulation. The Reynolds number based on the bulk mean velocity and the channel height at the diffuser entrance is 18,000. We also perform large eddy simulation to validate the shape design results and investigate the flow characteristics near the zero-skin friction wall. Results from large eddy simulation show that the skin friction is slightly higher than zero but is still very small as compared to that of the flat plate boundary layer flow Although the time-averaged wall shear stress is slightly above zero along the diffuser wall, instantaneous flow reversals occur intermittently. The streamwise mein velocity shows an asymptotic behavior of the half-power-law near the wall where the skin friction is close to zero.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2001

In this research, experimental studies leave been performed on the hydrodynamic interaction between a spherical particle and a plane wall by measuring the force between the particle and wall. To approach the system as a resistance problem, a servo-driving system was set-up by assembling a microstepping motor, a ball screw and a linear motion guide for the particle motion. Glycerin and dilute solution of polyacrylamide in glycerin were used as Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, respectively. The polymer solution behaves like a Boger fluid when the concentration is 1,000 ppm or less. The experimental results were compared with the asymptotic solution of Stokes equation. The result shows that fluid inertia plays all important role in the particle-wall interaction in Newtonian fluid. This implies that the motion of two particles in suspension is not reversible even in Newtonian fluid. In non-Newtonian fluid, normal stress difference and viscoelasticity play important roles as expected. In the dilute solution weak shear thinning and the migration of polymer molecules in the inhomogeneous flow field also affect the physic of the problem.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.469-481
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• 2017

This paper aims to analytically investigate the effect of shear stress at the concrete-steel interface on the mechanical behavior of the circular steel tube-confined concrete (STCC) stub columns with active and passive confinement subjected to axial compression. Nonlinear 3D finite element models divided into the four groups, i.e. circumferential-grooved, talc-coated, lubricated, and normal groups, with active and passive confinement were developed. An innovative method was used to simulate the actively-confined specimens, and then, the results of the finite element models were compared with those of the experiments previously conducted by the authors. It was revealed that both the predicted peak compressive strength and stress-strain curves have good agreement with the corresponding values measured for the confined columns. Then, the mechanical properties of the active and passive specimens such as the concrete-steel interaction, longitudinal and hoop stresses of the steel tube, confining pressure applied to the concrete core, and compressive stress-strain curves were analyzed. Furthermore, a parametric study was performed to explore the effects of the concrete compressive strength, steel tube diameter-to-wall thickness ratio, and prestressing level on the compressive behavior of the STCC columns. The results indicate that reducing or removing the interfacial shear stress in the active and passive specimens leads to an increase in the hoop stress and confining pressure, while the longitudinal stress along the steel tube height experiences a decrease. Moreover, prestressing via the presented method is capable of improving the compressive behavior of STCC columns.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.10-18
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• 1999

The droplet/wall impingement processes in the diesel-like environment are numerically modeled. In order to evaluate the predictive capability of the droplet/wall impingement model developed in this study, computations are carried out for two ambient temperature conditions. Numerical results indicate that the present droplet/wall impingement model reasonably well predicts the basic features of the impinging spray dynamics.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2007

건축물의 증가와 자원의 효율적인 활용의 목적으로 기존 건축물에 대한 리모델링이 주목을 받고 있다. 리모델링 공사로 인해 세대간 병합을 위해 기존 벽에 개구부를 설치하는 경우 개구부의 영향을 파악 하는 것을 목적으로 철근콘크리트 전단벽의 정적가력 실험을 실시했다. 그 결과 개구부 유무에 따른 파괴현상은 벽판에 형성된 압축지주의 단면적이 감소함으로써 다르게 나타났다. 특히 최대 내력은 개구부 설치에 따라 약 35%정도 감소되는 특성을 보였다. 이러한 경향은 강성 및 에너지 소산능력에서도 유사하게 나타났다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 1995

Fully developed turbulent flow through three concentric annuli with both the rough inner and outer walls was experimentally investigated for a Reynolds number range Re=15,000-85,000. Measurements were made of the pressure drop, the positions of zero shear stress and maximum velocity, and the velocity distributions in annuli of radius ratios, ${\alpha}=0.26$, 0.4 and 0.56, respectively. The experimental results showed that the positions of zero shear streess and maximum velocity were only weakly dependent on the Reynolds number. It was also found that the position of zero shear stress was not coincident with that of maximum velocity. Furthmore, the former was influenced more sensitively than the latter on the square-ribbed roughness along the axial direction.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.313-322
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• 1992

A finite analytic(FA) numerical study was performed to determin'e flow dynamics in the vicinity of an end-to-end anastomosis. Experimental data of instantaneous lumen cross-section were used to simulate steady flow through an end-to-end anastomosis In order to solve the governing axisymmetric Wavier-Stokes equations. Wall shear stresses increased proximal to the anastomosis In flow from the Penrose tubing to the PTFE graft. In flow the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stresses were observed distal to the anastomosis. The present study suggests a correlation betweerl regions of low wall shear stress and the do velopment of pnastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANFH ) in end-to-end anastomoses.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.530-539
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• 2002

전단벽의 연성도 확보를 위한 단부횡보강 설계에 있어서, 현재 설계기준들은 경험적이며 강제적이다. 즉, 현재 설계기준은 연성도 요구량에 관계없이 단부횡보강영역과 상세를 정해 놓고 있으며, 따라서 성능기초설계에 부적합하다. 본 연구의 목적은 성능기초설계에 적합한 전단벽의 연성도 설계방법을 개발하는 것이다. 단부횡보강영역에 따른 전단벽의 연성도변화를 조사하기 위하여 실험연구를 수행하였으며 압축대를 모델링하기 위하여 각기 다른 횡보강영역을 갖는 시험체에 편심축하중을 가력하였다. 실험연구를 통하여 횡보강된 벽체 압축대의 강도, 연성도, 파괴모드 등을 연구하였으며, 벽체 단면 전체에서 단부 횡보강으로 인하여 발생하는 연성도 및 파괴시점을 조사하기 위하여 비선형 수치해석을 수행하였다. 실험과 해석연구 결과를 기반으로 하여 전단벽의 연성도 설계방법을 개발하였다. 제안된 설계방법을 이용하여, 주어진 연성도 요구량에 맞게 단부횡보강영역과 횡보강량을 정확히 결정할 수 있으며, 따라서 벽체의 연성거동을 보장하는 동시에 경제적인 벽체설계가 가능하게 되었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1186-1191
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• 2007

본 연구는 교차형 와이드 거더를 이용한 건축구조로 최소한의 슬래브 두께로 가능한 최장의 스팬을 확보할 수 있도록 함으로써, 층고를 높이지 않으면서 실내 공간에 자유롭고 다양한 변화를 가져올 수 있도록 하는 것이다. 즉, 본 연구는 교차형 와이드 거더를 응력분포에 따라 일정 간격으로 연속 배치함으로써, 낮은 층고에서 해당 경계 공간을 무주 공간으로 형성시킬 수 있도록 하는 것이다 본 연구의 수치적 타당성을 검토하기 위하여 3차원 횡력 설계가 가능한 프로그램인 Midas Gen을 이용하여 기존의 벽체 시스템과 교차형 Wide Girder에 의한 연성골조 시스템을 해석한 결과, 구조적으로 횡변위 및 층간변위와 바닥의 처짐 등이 기존의 벽체시스템과 비교하여 크게 불리하지 않으며, 전체적인 콘크리트 물량이 기존 벽체시스템과 비슷하며 건축적인 가변성을 확보하는데 큰 장점이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.900-907
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• 2000

The three-dimensional turbulent flow in curved pipes susceptible to flow-accelerated corrosion has been analyzed numerically to predict the pressure and shear stress distributions on the inner surface of the pipes. The analysis employs the body-fitted non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system and a standard $ {\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model with wall function method. The finite volume method is used to discretize the governing equations. The convection term is approximated by a high-resolution and bounded discretization scheme. The cell-centered, non-staggered grid arrangement is adopted and the resulting checkerboard pressure oscillation is prevented by the application of a modified version of momentum interpolation scheme. The SIMPLE algorithm is employed for the pressure and velocity coupling. The numerical calculations have been performed for two curved pipes with different bend angles and curvature radii, and discussions have been made on the distributions of the primary and secondary flow velocities, pressure and shear stress on the inner surface of the pipe to examine applicability of the present analysis method. As the result it is seen that the method is effective to predict the susceptible systems or their local areas where the fluid velocity or local turbulence is so high that the structural integrity can be threatened by wall thinning degradation due to flow-accelerated corrosion.