• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1186-1191
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• 2007

The study uses the crossed wide girder(waffle slab type) in apartment structural system comparing with existing shear wall system. The crossed wide girder will be able to secure the span of the longest which is possible with minimum slab thickness by not increasing the height. The research sees continuity arranges the crossed wide girder in schedule interval following the stress distribution. Namely, it is to make the interior space with the space without column and wall in the minimum height. In order to check the numerical value of this study which it interpreted the ductile frame system due to the crossed wide girder and existing shear wall system used the Midas Gen is a program which 3-dimension laterial force designs are possible. Analysis results, the crossed wide girder system is not disadvantageously laterial drift, drift ratio and deflection of slab compares with existing shear wall system. Also the whole concrete amount is similar existing shear wall system. The crossed wide girder is advantage which secure a architectal variability.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.373-380
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• 2001

The problem addressed in this study is how to analytically treat the partial composite action for wall panels. An equation, derived for wood-joist floor systems, which determines deflections for beams with partial composite action is introduced. The equation is applied to the calculation of the mid-span deflection for gypsum-sheathed, cold-formed steel was stud panels. The objective of this study is to properly reflect the influence of the following factors in the calculation of mid-span deflection for the panel: connection slip, local buckling, perforations in the stud web, and effects from joints in the sheathing. Predicted deflections based on an upper bound for connection rigidity were closest to experimental deflections.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.178-186
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• 2000

Echocardiography was performed on 29 normal Korea Jin-do dogs(21 adults and 8 prematures) and the images were taken from chordae tendineae level short-axis view, left ventricular outflow tract long-axis view and 4-chamber long-axis view, respectively. The following cardiac parameters, in systole and diastole, were measured on the echoocardographic images: aortic dimension(AO), left atrial dimension(LA), left ventricular internal dimention at end-diastole (LVIDd), left ventricular internal dimention at end-systole(LVIDs), interventricular septal wall thickness at end-diastole(IVSd), interventricular septal wall thickness at end-systole(IVSs), left ventricular wall at end-diastole(LVWd), left ventricular wall at end-systole(LVWs). The cardiac parameters were not significantly different between sex and among imaging planes. The size of cardiac parameters increaed as regression lines according to body weights. These results suggest that the chordae tendineae level short-axis view, left ventricular outflow tract long-axis view and 4-chamber long-axis view can be utilized for the left cardiac examination, and these cardiac parameters can be used to basic dat for diagnosing the cardiac diseases in Korea Jin-do dog.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.17-22
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• 2006

Surface modifications like rib-roughening and displaced insert devices like the twisted tape are commonly used in applications such as compact heat exchangers and cooling systems. In this paper, regionally averaged heat transfer distributions in square channels with twisted tape inserts and with twisted tape inserts plus interrupted ribs are respectively investigated. The square ribs are arranged to follow the trace of the twisted tape and along the flow direction defined as axial interrupted ribs. Each wall of the square channel is composed of isolated aluminum sections. Regionally averaged Nusselt number and channel averaged Nusselt number in turbulent air flows are presented for Reynold numbers from 8,900 to 29,000. We have obtained the following conclusions from the experimental study: 1) The local Nusselt number in the two-sided heated case is higher than that in the four-sided heated condition. 2) In the 4 heating wall channel with twisted tape inserts, Nusselt number based on bottom wall temperature is enhanced by 1.2 - 1.6 times if adding the axial interrupted ribs on the bottom wall only. 3) The twisted tape with interrupted ribs under the two-sided heating condition produces the highest heat transfer coefficient.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.237-241
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• 1986

In clinical microsurgery, limitation of space often prohibits rotation of a double clamp in an end-to-end anastomosis, or shortage of length of the secondary vessel in an end-to-side anastomosis does not allow visualization of the back wall. In these situation, back wall repair is extremely difficult. To overcome this problem, we use continuous suture technique without rotation of double clamp for end-to-end and end-to-side anastomosis of the 40 rat femoral arteries. After continuous sutures for microarterial anastomosis, the following results were obtained: Continuous sutures are useful in anastomosis where there is unavoidable limited access to the posterior wall and for some of the larger vessels now being anastomosed in free flap and other reconstructive surgery.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1985

The reasonable static and dynamic earth pressure equations were developed by applying the Dubrova's theory and Chang's method to the following cases of wall movements; (1) Active case rotating about the top (2) Active case rotating about the bottom (3) Passive case rotating about the top (4) Passive case rotating about the bottom The equations are presented in accordance with particular wall displacements for the sand and cohesive back-fill, respectively. The results computed by the proposed equations are compared with the conventional theoretical values.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.73-84
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• 2000

A new form of construction utilizing structural steel as the boundary elements in ductile flexural concrete walls is proposed to solve the bar congestion problems in such a heavily reinforced region, while maintaining the ductility and energy absorption capacity comparable to their traditional form. Two wall specimens containing rectangular hollow structural sections (HSS) and channels at their ends respectively, and one companion standard reinforced concrete wall specimen with concentrated end reinforcement were constructed and tested under reversed cyclic loading to evaluate the construction process as well as the structural performance. Initially, all three specimens were chosen and detailed with some caution to have approximately the same flexural capacity without change of the original shape and dimension of a rectangular cross section correction. Analysis and comparison of test results indicated that the reversed cyclic responses of three walls showed similar hysteretic properties, but in those with steel boundaries, local buckling of the corresponding steel webs and flanges following significant yielding was a dominant factor to determine the hysteretic response. The monotonic and cyclic responses predicted based on a sectional approach was also presented and found to be in good agreement with measured results. Design recommendations considering local instability of the structural steel elements and the interaction between steel chords and a concrete web member in such a composite wall are presented.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.22 no.1_2
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• pp.35-43
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• 1979

The present investigation has been made to study the deficiency symptoms of boron on the formation of cell wall and the development of the individual components of the orchid cell wall. Analytical samples were taken from two sources; one from the individual orchid plants started from an apical meristem culture followed by the generation of the protocorm-like body which was developed into a plant, the other from the plant cultivated in water for 30 days. The amount of boron in the cultrues were controlled and the deficiency symptoms were observed under theelectron microscope, optical microscope with samples taken from the zones of elongation of leaves and compared the dry weight of cell walls and finally the various fractions of the cell wall components. The following results were obtained: (1) The growth of roots and leaves was hampered in the boron deficient plants. (2) In the boron-deficient leaves a severe necrosis and cracks were developed in the tissue of zone of elongation besides the decrease in growth. (3) under the electorn microscope the cell walls of boron-deficient plants showed rough undulated structures unlike the smooth control cell walls. (4) the dry weight of total cells and cell walls of boron deficient plants were higher than the control plants. (5) In the boron deficient plant the amout of pectin and hemicellulose isolated from cell walls were higher and the amount of protein was lower than the controlled plots.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.928-933
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• 2012

In this paper, the IR and compass sensors for the underwater system were used. The walls of the water tank have been recognized and avoided treating the walls as obstacles by the bio-mimetic underwater robot. This paper is consists of two parts: 1.The hardware part for the IR and compass sensors and 2.The software part for obstacle avoidance algorithm while the bio-mimetic robot is swimming with the obstacle recognition. Firstly, the hardware part controls through the RS-485 communications between a microcontroller and the bio-mimetic underwater robot. The software part is simulated for obstacle recognition and collision avoidance based upon the data from IR and compass sensors. Actually, the bio-mimetic underwater robot recognizes where is the obstacle as well as where is the bio-mimetic robot itself while it is moving in the water. While the underwater robot is moving at a constant speed recognizing the wall of water tank as an obstacle, an obstacle avoidance algorithm is applied for the wall following swimming based upon the IR and compass sensor data. As the results of this research, it is concluded that the bio-mimetic underwater robot can follow the wall of the water tank efficiently, while it is avoiding collision to the wall.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 2015

Usually the analyses of structures are carried out by assuming the base of structures to be fixed. However, the soil beneath foundation alters the earthquake loading and varies the response of structure. Hence, it is not realistic to analyze structures by considering it to be fixed. The importance of soil-structure interaction was realized from the past failures of massive structures by neglecting the effect of soil in seismic analysis. The analysis of massive structures requires soil flexibility to be considered to avoid failure and ensure safety. Present study, considers the seismic behavior of multi-storey reinforced concrete narrow and wide buildings of various heights with and without shear wall supported on raft foundation incorporating the effect of soil flexibility. Analysis of the three dimensional models of six different shear wall positions founded on four different soils has been carried out using finite element software LS DYNA. The study investigates the differences in spectral acceleration coefficient (Sa/g), base shear and storey shear obtained following the seismic provisions of Indian standard code IS: 1893 (2002) (IS) and International building code IBC: 2012 (IBC). The base shear values obtained as per IBC provisions are higher than IS values.