• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2007

Why do some countries walk on the right and others on the left? People have a dominant hand which leads to a natural tendency to favor one side of the road or another depending on the means of transportation being used. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the stereotype of Korean regarding preferred walking direction in encountering various facilities and provide the appropriate information to traffic policy makers. Six hundred Korean male and female subjects aging from 12 to 83 were selected to investigate the various statistics about their preferred walking direction and their employment characteristics on walking diverse facilities. The walking directions of eleven different facilities were asked along with other relative subjects' characteristics(e.g., age, gender, hand and foot dominance) to determine the relationship among these obtained data. The descriptive statistics showed that 73.7% and 26.3% were preferred walking right and left direction respectively. Moreover, various statistical analysis revealed that general tendency of walking direction was varied by hand and foot dominances. There were strong tendency that right-handed people prefer walking right side of the road and vise versa, hence this should be considered in setting up traffic policies. As a concluding remark, it is better to design traffic policies and regulations in the way that peoples' preference and expectation.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.459-469
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• 2012

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to examine changes caused by asymmetric bag carrying methods to carry the bag with one shoulder only to plantar pressure during walking. METHODS: Twenty three normal adults without any gait problem participated in the present study. Experimental conditions used consisted of walking without carrying any bag(condition 1), walking wearing a bag on both shouders (condition 2), and walking wearing a bag on the right shoulder(condition 3) and the weight of the bag was set to 15% of each subject's body weight. All the subjects were instructed to participate in all experiments under these three conditions and plantar pressures were measured from the subjects' right and left feet using an F-scan system while the subjects were walking under the three conditions. To analyze the measured plantar pressure, the sole was divided into seven areas (Hallux, Toe, Met1, Met23, Met45, Mid foot and Heel) and maximum plantar pressures in individual areas were measured. RESULTS: The results of measurement of plantar pressures under three walking conditions did not show significant changes in any areas of the left and right feet except for the mid foot area of the right food. The asymmetry between the left and right feet was examined and the results showed significant differences only in area Met23 under condition 2 and did not show significant differences in any other areas. CONCLUSION: On comprehensively considering the results of the present study, it could be seen that asymmetric bag carrying did not have large effects on changes in plantar pressure during walking compared to symmetric carrying. The reason for this is considered to be posture adjusting mechanisms against load positions.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to confirm the effect of physiotherapy on the balance and walking in dog with sciatic nerve injury and degenerative arthritis of stifle joints. Design: Single case study Methods: The dog walked abnormally for six months and was administrated in S animal hospital. The dog's right hindlimb was operated for cranial cruciate ligament repair and the dog had been taking a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic before being refered. There was severe degenerated osteoarthritis in the right hindlimb. During stance and walking, the right hindlimb was often shown partial weight bearing. The dog's left hindlimb was shown plantigrade stance and walking. The radiograph was shown an intact calcaneal tendon in the left hindlimb. In the neurologic examination, sciatic nerve injury in the left hindlimb was confirmed. The dog was treated using muscle strengthening, proprioceptive exercise, underwater treadmill and Laser therapy two, or three times a week for 3 months. At the 10th and 17th treatment, it was evaluated through stance and gait analyzer system to measure dog's balance and walking. Results: 3 months following physiotherapy, the dog's balance was improved in center of pressure(COP). And peak vertical force(PVF), vertical impulse(VI) was increased in right hindlimb and double stance was decreased. Conclusions: Physiotherapy may have improved the prognosis in this dog with severe osteoarthritis and sciatic nerve injury. This study suggested that animal physiotherapy is a valuable way to improve balance and walking.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare the distribution of foot pressure, knee and ankle joint angle between treadmill walking and ground walking in normal person. Methods : 18 Person of subject has participated this study, let subject to walk in ground and treadmill in order to gain data of foot distribution and knee, ankle joint angle using by parotec system. and Dartfish system. Walking velocity was constrained by 2Km/h and more 10sec. Date analysis was used by paired-t test using SPSS/PC statistical programs for window. Results : Result show that total contact times has shown symmetry between both legs, and more increase of left foot pressure in treadmill walking. Foot pressure of treadmill walking was significantly decreased in right hind foot and fore foot and hallux area. The ankle joint angle of treadmill walking was significantly decreased in initial contact phase. Conclusion : Results of this study show that foot pressure of treadmill walking was more decreased than ground walking in right hind foot and fore foot, hallux area. And the ankle joint angle of treadmill walking was significantly decreased in initial contact phase.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권1D호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2010

우리나라는 지난 반세기 동안 급격한 경제적 성장을 기반으로 자동차의 급격한 증가로 인해 가장 오랜 세월동안 인간에게 있어서 이동을 위한 중요 교통수단이었던 보행(步行)이 자동차 통행에 밀려 그 중요성이 부각되지 못하고 있다. 이로 인해 보행은 하나의 교통수단으로 생각하지도 않고, 인간이 기본적으로 가져야 할 보행이 권리로써의 인식조차도 희박해져가고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 자동차의 증가로 인해 보행권이 약화되는 현상에 대한 문제점을 제기하고, 교통안전부분에서 앞서가는 해외 일부 국가의 보행권 강화 정책을 살펴본 후, 현재 우리나라 보행자들의 보행환경에 대한 만족도와 보행권 강화를 위한 주민들의 의견을 반영한 해외의 보행안전 대책의 도입을 위한 제도적 장치를 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구의 성과를 정리하면, 첫째, 안심하고 보행할 수 있도록 보행자들의 보행의 자유를 보장하고, 둘째, 안전하고 편리한 보행이 이루어 질 수 있는 보행환경의 정비방법의 모색과 해외의 보행권 강화대책 중 우리나라의 실정에 잘 맞고, 보행자 보행안전을 향상시킬 수 있으며, 현재 보행자들이 우선적으로 희망하는 실용적인 대책이 무엇인지를 GAP 분석과 구조방정식을 통해 분석하였다. 셋째, 선별된 대책의 시행이라는 가정 하에 보행자들의 만족도를 분석하여 추후 정책선정에 기초적인 자료를 제공할 수 있었다.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 기존의 보행 분석의 제한점을 개선한 보행분석 방법으로 보행불균형을 판단하기 위해 자체 제작한 좌 우측 고관절, 슬관절의 각도 측정 장비 및 SI 지표를 활용한 판단 시스템과 개인별 보행 상태의 양상을 분석하기 위해 DTW 유사도 분석 알고리즘을 이용한 보행 분석 방법을 제한한다. 실험은 보행 장애가 없는 총 12명의 피험자를 대상으로 정상 보행 및 불균형 보행 실험을 진행하였다. 실험결과 좌 우측 고관절과 슬관절의 각도 측정을 통한 불균형 판단 SI 지수 산출을 통해 정상 보행과 불균형 보행 모두 판단을 할 수 있었다. 개인별 보행특성 분석에서는 실험에 참여한 12명의 피험자를 대상으로 정상보행과 불균형 보행 시 허리 중앙, 좌 우측 허벅지, 발등의 측정 부위에 대한 유사도를 각각 비교하였다. 피험자별 정상 보행 및 불균형 보행 시 측정한 값에 대한 유사도 분석을 통해 보행 동작을 수행하는 동안 항시 같은 패턴의 보행 동작을 유지하는 것이 아니라는 점을 분석 결과 판단할 수 있었다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of regular Nordic walking exercise on the physical indicators and subjective happiness of middle-aged rural residents. Methods: A pretest and posttest design with a non-equivalent control group was conducted. The participants of experimental and control group were each 21 subjects from 40 to 64 years old. The Nordic walking exercise program consisted of 24 sessions which were focused on group exercise, and was conducted three times a week for eight weeks. Results: The experimental group showed significant decreases in body mass index (p=.042), body fat (p<.001), and abdominal fat (p=.026). The experimental group showed significant increases in muscle mass of right lower limb (p=.009) and left lower limb (p=.016) but was not statistically significant in right, left upper limbs and body. On the other hand, the control group showed significant decreases in muscle mass of right upper limb (p=.034), left upper limb (p=.038), and body (p=.034). There were no significant differences in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and subjective happiness between the experimental and the control group. Conclusion: The Nordic walking exercise should be actively encouraged to improve health of the middle-aged in rural area.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2017

Purpose: This study examined the effects of upper- and lower-limb coordinated exercise with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on stroke patients' recovery of their balancing and walking abilities. Methods: This study was conducted with 30 patients aged at least 60 years and diagnosed with stroke. The patients were randomly assigned to either a PNF upper- and lower-limb coordinated exercise group of 15 patients or an aero-step balance exercise group of 15 patients. To test the subjects' balancing and walking abilities, balancing ability tests and 10-m walking speed tests were conducted before and after the interventions. The patients performed their respective exercises for 30 minutes per session, three times per week for four weeks. The PNF exercise group performed six stages of exercise consisting of a combination of PNF patterns such as sprinting, skating, and striking. The six stages (right striking, right skating, right sprinting, left striking, left skating, and left sprinting) were performed continuously with a rest period of 1 min. after training for 4 min. The exercises for the aero-step balance group consisted of balancing in a two-leg standing position, weight shifting in a two-leg standing position, one-leg standing, squat exercises, marching in place, and squatting on an aero step. Results: The PNF exercise group showed significant improvements in their balancing ability evaluations compared to the aero-step balance group and also showed significant improvements in their 10-m walking speed tests. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, PNF upper- and lower-limb coordinated exercise resulted in clinical improvements of stroke patients' balancing and walking abilities. Therefore, this type of exercise is recommended as a clinical intervention for the recovery of stroke patients' lower-limb function. Future studies should be conducted with longer intervention periods and more subjects to generalize the study results.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2018

본 연구는 맨발 보행과 운동화 착용 보행에서 보행주기의 차이를 비교하여 보행역학에 따른 신발 개발에 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 발의 변형과 이상이 없는 정상 성인 여성 30명을 대상으로 보행 주기를 측정하였다. 먼저 운동화를 착용하고 보행하여 주기를 측정한 후, 맨발로 보행하여 주기를 측정하여 데이터를 얻었다. 이후 두 데이터를 대응표본 T-test를 이용하여 비교하였다. 실험 결과 맨발 보행에서 입각기 좌측(p<.001), 우측(p<.005), 체중부하기 좌측(p<.009), 우측(p<.002), 전유각기 좌측(p<.002), 우측(p<.011), 양하지 지지기(p<.004)가 증가하였고, 중간 입각기 좌측(p<.016), 우측(p<.001), 유각기 좌측(p<.001)이 감소하였다. 이는 맨발 보행이 다양한 발의 감각의 입력을 증가시켜 보행안정성이 높은 보행이 가능해 졌다고 보여 지며, 향후 보행 주기에 의거하여 맨발보행과 가까운 신발 개량이 필요하다고 사료된다. 향후 신발의 개량을 위해 신발 종류에 따른 보행주기 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.793-798
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 소비 에너지 분석을 통한 이족보행로봇의 저전력 보행 보정 기법을 제안하였다. 먼저 이족 로봇의 보행 기본자세의 각 축별 소비 에너지를 분석하여 소비 에너지를 절감하는 기본 보행 자세를 구현하였다. 이족 로봇의 보행 기본자세를 무릎 구부리는 자세로 정하여 소비에너지를 줄이고, 무게중심을 낮추어 자세 안정성을 향상하였다. 이족로봇의 보행시 모터 전류를 측정하여 좌우 다리의 소비 전력을 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 좌우 에너지 불균형을 제거하도록 보행 자세를 보정하였다. 보행 기본자세의 좌우 소비 전력을 고르게 분포시키게 자세를 보정함으로서 전체 소비 에너지를 감소시키고, 로봇의 좌우 자세 균형을 맞추어 보행시 안정성을 향상하였다. 제안한 소비 에너지 분석을 통한 저전력 보행 구현 방법은 임베디드시스템 기반의 소형 이족 로봇을 실제 제작하여 보행 실험을 통해 성능을 검증하였다.