• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 2014

Objectives: Several previous studies have found that healthy behaviors substantially reduce non-communicable disease incidence and mortality. The present study was performed to estimate the prevalence of four modifiable healthy behaviors and a healthy lifestyle among Korean adults according to socio-demographic and regional factors. Methods: We analyzed data from 199 400 Korean adults aged 19 years and older who participated in the 2010 Korean Community Health Survey. We defined a healthy lifestyle as a combination of four modifiable healthy behaviors: non-smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, regular walking, and a healthy weight. We calculated the prevalence rates and odds ratios of each healthy behavior and healthy lifestyle according to socio-demographic and regional characteristics. Results: The prevalence rates were as follows: non-smoking, 75.0% (53.7% in men, 96.6% in women); moderate alcohol consumption, 88.2% (79.7% in men, 96.9% in women); regular walking, 45.0% (46.2% in men, 43.8% in women); healthy weight, 77.4% (71.3% in men, 73.6% in women); and a healthy lifestyle, 25.5% (16.4% in men, 34.6% in women). The characteristics associated with a low prevalence of healthy lifestyle were male gender, younger age (19 to 44 years of age), low educational attainment, married, living in a rural area, living in the Chungcheong, Youngnam, or Gwangwon-Jeju region, and poorer self-rated health. Conclusions: Further research should be implemented to explore the explainable factors of disparities for socio-demographic and regional characteristics to engage in the healthy lifestyle among adults.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1044-1052
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• 2015

The aim of this modelling study was to investigate the effect of large herd size (and land areas) on walking distances and milking interval (MI), and their impact on milk yield and economic penalties when 50% of the total diets were provided from home grown feed either as pasture or grazeable complementary forage rotation (CFR) in an automatic milking system (AMS). Twelve scenarios consisting of 3 AMS herds (400, 600, 800 cows), 2 levels of pasture utilisation (current AMS utilisation of 15.0 t dry matter [DM]/ha, termed as 'moderate'; optimum pasture utilisation of 19.7 t DM/ha, termed as 'high') and 2 rates of incorporation of grazeable complementary forage system (CFS: 0, 30%; CFS = 65% farm is CFR and 35% of farm is pasture) were investigated. Walking distances, energy loss due to walking, MI, reduction in milk yield and income loss were calculated for each treatment based on information available in the literature. With moderate pasture utilisation and 0% CFR, increasing the herd size from 400 to 800 cows resulted in an increase in total walking distances between the parlour and the paddock from 3.5 to 6.3 km. Consequently, MI increased from 15.2 to 16.4 h with increased herd size from 400 to 800 cows. High pasture utilisation (allowing for an increased stocking density) reduced the total walking distances up to 1 km, thus reduced the MI by up to 0.5 h compared to the moderate pasture, 800 cow herd combination. The high pasture utilisation combined with 30% of the farm in CFR in the farm reduced the total walking distances by up to 1.7 km and MI by up to 0.8 h compared to the moderate pasture and 800 cow herd combination. For moderate pasture utilisation, increasing the herd size from 400 to 800 cows resulted in more dramatic milk yield penalty as yield increasing from c.f. 2.6 and 5.1 kg/cow/d respectively, which incurred a loss of up to $AU 1.9/cow/d. Milk yield losses of 0.61 kg and 0.25 kg for every km increase in total walking distance (voluntary return trip from parlour to paddock) and every one hour increase in MI, respectively. The high pasture utilisation combined with 30% of the farm in CFR in the farm increased milk yield by up to 1.5 kg/cow/d, thereby reducing loss by up to $0.5/cow/d (c.f. the moderate pasture and 800 cow herd scenario). Thus, it was concluded that the successful integration of grazeable CFS with pasture has the potential to improve financial performance compared to the pasture only, large herd, AMS.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.168-179
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• 2016

This study describes an improved model for estimating pedestrian LOS (Level of Service) by utilizing the space occupied by pedestrians. The method introduced the concept of conflict along the bi-directional pedestrian flow which enables calculating conflict area and average travel time in walking. Especially, the method incorporates the idea of generalized density concept which can consider effective walking area and pedestrian flow rates that might vary during the analysis period. After establishing methodology, adjustments of pedestrian LOS criteria in term of walking space occupied by pedestrians were performed. As a result, walking-occupied space at capacity level is 0.68 and corresponding pedestrian flow rate was calculated as 80 persons/min/m, while different pedestrian-occupied spaces were ordered to classify LOS at the points where the gradient changes. Furthermore, the statistical verification of service levels has shown that there is significant difference among all LOS categories at 5% significance level.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.65-75
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• 2006

This study was to find out whether MBT shoes were more effective than general sporting shoes on the kinematic physiology. We comparatively analyzed energy consumption, heart rates, rating of perceived exertion, lactic acid density in blood and muscle activity with EMG. The subjects were 10 regular students of K Univ.(5 male and 5 female). They wore the general sporting shoes for stage 1(group 1), the MBT walking shoes for stage 2(group2) under the same conditions. There was one week interval between stages. 1. There was no significant difference in the energy consumption and the heart rates between two groups. Group 1 showed a higher energy consumption and heart rates than Group 2 under the speed of 4.0 mph. On the other hand, Group 2 showed higher ones over the speed of 4.0 mph. 2. There was no significant difference in the rating of perceived exertion and lactic acid density in blood between two groups. But Group 2 showed a lower fatigue strength than Group 1. 3. Group 2 showed a higher muscle activity with EMG than group 1, especially at the speed of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 mph in quadratus lumborum muscle and at 4.0mph in tibialis anterior muscle. In conclusion, we are less tired in MBT shoes than in general sporting shoes. Also, we can dorsiflex better in the ankle joint, straighten the lumbar region well and walk erect in MBT shoes. Specially, when it walks slowly, it is favorable in an erection walk and when it walks quickly, we have advantage of obesity management.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2016

Background: This study purposed to analyze the relationship between regional obesity rates and regional variables. Methods: Data was collected from the Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS) and Community Health Survey in 2012. The units of analysis were administrative districts such as city, county, and district. The dependent variable was the age-sex adjusted regional obesity rates. The independent variables were selected to represent four aspects of regions: health behaviour factor, psychological factor, socio-economic factor, and physical environment factor. Along with the traditional ordinary least square (OLS) regression analysis model, this study applied geographically weighted regression (GWR) analysis to calculate the regression coefficients for each region. Results: The OLS results showed that there were significant differences in regional obesity rates in high-risk drinking, walking, depression, and financial independence. The GWR results showed that the size of regression coefficients in independent variables was differed by regions. Conclusion: Our results can help in providing useful information for health policy makers. Regional characteristics should be considered when allocating health resources and developing health-related programs.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2016

In this paper, we measured human body signals in order to verify a active harness system that we developed for gait and balance training. The experimental procedure was validated by tests with 20 healthy male subjects. They conducted motions of Activities of Daily Living(ADL)(Normal Walking, Stand-to-Sit, Sit-to-Stand, Stair Walking Up, and Stair Walking Down) according to body weight support rates (0%, 30%, 50% of subjects' body weight). The effectiveness of the active harness system is verified by using the results of foot pressure distribution. In normal walking, the decrease of fore-foot pressure, lateral soleus muscle and biceps femoris muscle were remarkable. The result of stand-to-sit results motion indicated that the rear-foot pressure and tibialis anterior muscle activities exceptionally decreased according to body weight support. The stair walking down show the marked drop of fore-foot pressure and rectus femoris muscle activities. The sit-to-stand and stair walking up activities were inadequate about the effect of body weight support because the velocity of body weight support system was slower than male's activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.71-77
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• 2013

This Study aims at investigating actual condition on attending school road of children and analyzing empirically the characteristics of cognition and the influence of safety on school road. This study findings are as follows : 1) Walking alone to go to school is the highest rates among Commuting Mode, and Commuting distance to school is nearly doubles than range of school zone(300 m). 2) Among characteristics of urban spatial structure affecting on influence classify safety of school road, 'Commuting Distance' has been drawn to most influential variable. Especially, there are 4 types classified by commuting distance and it became obvious that the longer the distance, the lower the safety score(under 127 m=76.9 points, Over 451 m=58.3 points). 3) As a result of investigating the influence of Safety on attending school road, Vehicle commuting speed urder 127 m as internal of school zone, and Walking and crossing convenience over 451 m as external of school zone have a lot of influence on safety cognition on school road. Therefore Safety on school road should be considering the commuting distance to school among surrounding characteristics, needed for improvement plan and program based on real safety cognition of children.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.311-319
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• 2000

This study was to measure whether single axis foot or the SACH foot applied to below-knee amputation patients would bring positive changes to the patients' cardiopulmonary function, and help them to overcome their disability. The experiment took place at Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, from July 20th to November 20th, 1999 with 10 below-knee amputation patients. The patients were asked to equip single axis foot and SACH foot by turns and lead them to walk on a treadmill which was designed to increase its steep slope. Patients heart rate and blood pressure were recorded before and after their walking, The heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure of the patients who were equipped with, either SACH foot or single axis foot, have been increased with as the slant becoming steeper. The heart rates during the experiment did not show relevant changes according to the kind of foot used and the gradient, but the changes occurred before and after the walking(p=0.0001), The similar result of systolic blood pressure was found during the waking(p=0.01). Below-knee amputation patients are expected to walk and perform the routines better, no matter what type of foot is used, as long as they wear an artificial foot properly and taking features of foot product into consideration

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.352-362
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• 1999

Thiopental sodium is known as ultrashort-acting barbiturates and can be employed advantageously for numerous conditions. But thiopental has the side effects of cardiovascular and respiratory systems which has barbiturates and are depend on the dose of thiopental. The side effects are reduced when the thiopental is preceded by a tranquilizer and sedative. In these drugs, benzodiazepines have the minimal effects of cardiovascular and respiratory systems. In this study, the effects of midazolam preanesthetic administration, followed by thiopental anesthetic induction, on cardiovascular system and thiopental induction requirement were studied in 14 mixed breed dogs. Cardiovascular data were recorded baseline, after premedication of saline 0.45 ml/kg or midazolam 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mg/kg, intubation, and 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 minutes after intubation. Extubation, head-up, sternal recombency, standing, and walking recovery times were recorded. The results were summarized as follows; (1) The 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg dosages of midazolam insignificantly decreased thiopental dose requirement necessary to accomplish intubation by 6, 20, 21 and 28%. (2) The 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg dosages of midazolam insignificantly reduced the times of extubation, head-up, sternal recumbency, standing, and walking recovery. (3) Midazolam was effective in reducing the frequency and duration of arrhythmia after intubation. (4) Heart rates of preanestheic midazolam administraion groups increased after thiopental injection which insignificantly changed smaller than those of control group. (5) Arterial blood pressures did not vary significantly among groups.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.264-268
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• 2005

This paper describes user context awareness system, which is one of the most essential technologies in various application services of ubiquitous computing. The proposed system used two-axial accelerometer, embedded in $SenseWear^{(R)}$ PRO2 Armband (BodyMedia). It was worn on the right upper arm of the experiment subjects. Using this data, PC-based fuzzy inference system was realized to distinguish human motion states, such as, tying, sitting, walking and running. The recognition rates of human motion states were 100 %, 98.64 %, 99.27 % and 100 % respectively for tying, sitting, walking and running.