• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.449-454
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• 2014

The effects of food deprivation and feeding ratio on the growth, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated in 810 juvenile fish averaging 6.4 g in weight randomly distributed in 27 400-L flow-through tanks. A 3 [food deprivation: 8-week feeding without food deprivation (8W), 7-week feeding after 1-week food deprivation (7W) and 6-week feeding after 2-week food deprivation (6W)]${\time}3$ (feeding ratio: 100%, 95% and 90% of satiation, hereafter denoted by 100, 95 and 90, respectively) factorial design was applied. The weight gain of the fish was significantly affected by both food deprivation and feeding ratio. The weight gain of the fish under the 8W-100 treatment was higher than that of those under the 7W-95, 7W-90, 6W-100, 6W-95 and 6W-90 treatments, but did not differ from those of fish under the 8W-95, 8W-90 and 7W-100 treatments. The specific growth rate (SGR) and the feed intake of the fish were affected by both food deprivation and feeding ratio. However, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was unaffected by both food deprivation and feeding ratio. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) was affected by the feeding ratio, but not by food deprivation. The protein retention (PR) was affected by food deprivation, but not by feeding ratio. Juvenile olive flounder subjected to 1-week food deprivation at 100% satiation (7W-100 treatment) achieved full compensatory growth.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.513-523
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• 1993

In this experiment, we investigated the hypolipidemic and antithrombotic effects of rats fed diets with different common oils in Korea for different feeding periods(4 weeks or 12 weeks), using Korean sesame oil, perilla oil, rice bran oil and mixed oil. W-3/w-6 ratio of each group was 0.001, 1.44, 0.03 and 0.112, respectively. P/S ratio of each group was 9.64, 10.49, 5.58 and 1.68, respectively. The result were as follows: 1) According to the age, body fat accumulation was increased. 2) Perilla oil(w-3 rich) decreased total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol, and increased HDL/total cholesterol ratio. 3) With regard to the compositono of platelet fatty acids, Perilla oil increased w-3/w-6 ratio of the platelet. Perilla oil lengthened bleeding time and decreased MDA(MalonDAdehyde) formation which determined in place of Thromboxane A2(TXA2) in platelet. This result can suggest that linoleic acid of perrilla oil seem to supress the conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid(AA 20:4, w-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA, 20:5, w-3) trannnsformed from linolenic acid to suppress the conversion of arachidonic acid to TXA2. Since TXA2 is platelet-aggregating and vasoconstricting agent, the reduction of TXA2 tgeneration by platelet with increased linolenic acid intakes shows prologed bleeding time. In conclusion, w-3 rich perilla oil has strong hypolipidemic and antithrombotic effects by changing fatty acid profiles of the platelet.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.365-374
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• 2010

The ash reduction effects and fuel property changes of spent mushroom substrates by acid solution extraction, and the production possibilities of wood pellet fuel using them were studied. The ash weight of spent Pleurotus eryngii substrates was reduced from 8.81%(w/w) to 3.33%(w/w), and calorific value was increased from 3,958.3 kcal/kg to 4219.2 kcal/kg when extracted with a mixture of Acetic acid 2%(w/w) and Anhydrous citric acid 1%(w/w) in condition of liquid ratio 1:8, extraction temperature $55^{\circ}C$ and extraction time 180 min. The ash weight of spent Flammulina velutipes substrates was reduced from 14.91%(w/w) to 4.07%(w/w), and calorific value was increased from 4,190.3 kcal/kg to 4,219.2 kcal/kg when extracted with a mixture of Acetic acid 3%(w/w) and Anhydrous citric acid 1%(w/w) in condition of liquid ratio 1:8, extraction temperature $65^{\circ}C$ and extraction time 180 min. The ash weight of spent Pleurotus osteratus substrates was reduced from 3.31%(w/w) to 0.59%(w/w), and the smallest reduction was in calorific value from 4,558.6 kcal/kg to 4,216.2 kcal/kg when extracted with a mixture of Acetic acid 1%(w/w) and Anhydrous citric acid 1%(w/w) in condition of liquid ratio 1:8, extraction temperature $65^{\circ}C$ and extraction time 180 min.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.399-407
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to estimate the intake of individual fatty acid and eventually to contribute to the establishment of dietary guidelines and recommendations of fatty acids for the Koreans. The subjects consisted of female college students aged 20 to 29 years old. Their dietary intake was assessed twice. in summer and in winter, by means of a 24-hour dietary recall method. Food models and other measuring tools were also used. Concentrations of serm total triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL-& LDL-cholesterol were measured. The subjects consumed 12.3g of polyunsaturated fatty acids, 14.3g of monounsaturated fatty acids and 14.99g of saturated fatty acids per day The ratios of polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids( P/S) and polyunsaturatedimonounsaturatedi saturated fatty acids (P/M/S) taken by the subjects were 0.8/1.0 and 0.8/l.0/l.0, respectively. The ratio of w61w3 fatty acids was found to be 8.3/l.0. All of these values seem to fall in the desirable range. The percentages of total calorie from carbohydrate. fat and protein were 59.4%, 23.4% and 17.2%, respectively. The concentrations of serum total triglyceride, total cholesterol. HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were 59.3ms/dl, 192.7mg/dl, and 59.0mg/dl, and 121.9mg/dl., respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.524-531
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• 1993

In this experiment, we investigated the changes of erythrocyte feature and Ca concentration in rat fed the diet containing different common oils in Korea for different feeding periods(4 weeks or 12 weeks), using Korea sesame oil, perilla oil, rice bran oil and mixed oil. W-3/w-6 ratio of each group was 0.001, 1.44, 0.03 and 0.112, respectively. P/S ratio of each group was 9.64, 10.49, 5.58 and 1.68, respectively. Perilla oil(w-3 rich) increased w-3/w-6 ratio of erythrocyte membrane, decreased the amount of trapped Ca and inhibited the decrease of cell volume. These results indicate that in maybe increase erythroyte fluidity and deformability, and affect erythrocyte function. In conclusion, w-3 rich perilla oil affects erythrocyte feature.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

This study was performed to estimate the effects of washing of food wastes on temperature, pH, weight and volume reduction and salinity in aerobic composting of food wastes. Weight ratios of food wastes to water in washing were 1:0(Control), 1:1 (W-1), 1:2(W-2), 1:3(W-3) and :4(W-4), respectively. Ratios of food wastes to wood chips in reactor of Control, W-1, W-2, W-3 and W-4 were 5 kg:5 1, respectively. Reactors were operated for 24 days with 1 hour stirring by 1 rpm and 2 hours aeration per day. The increase in the ratio of food wastes to water used in washing resulted in the decrease of the highest reaction temperature and the elongation of the high temperature reaction period. The lowering of the ratio of food wastes to water used in washing resulted in faster pH increase and the steady state in the weight reduction rate and the volume reduction rate of composts. The final salinities of Control, W-1, W-2, W-3 and W-4 were 0.95%, 0.73％, 0.65%, 0.57％ and 0.41％, respectively.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 1998

A study on the improvement of the impact energy in 93W heavy alloy with a Ni/Fe ratio of 9/1 has been carried out as a function of heat treatment temperature. The obtained results were compared to that of the traditional alloy system in which the Ni/Fe ratio is 7/3 or 8/2. With increasing heat treatment temperature from 1150 to 125$0^{\circ}C$, the impact energy of the alloy with the Ni/Fe ratio of 9/1 is remarkably increased from 42 to 72 J, which is higher than that of traditional alloy, up to 118$0^{\circ}C$ and then saturated. Fracture mode was also changed from brittle W/W boundary failure to W cleavage. The temperature showing the dramatic shrinkage by dilatometric anaysis of the heavy alloy with Ni/Fe ratio of 9/1 was found to be 1483 $^{\circ}C$, which is higher than that (146$0^{\circ}C$) of the heavy alloy with Ni/Fe ratio of 7/3. Auger Electron Spectroscopy showed that the segregation of impurities, such as S, P, and C in W/W grain boundary was considerably decreased with increasing heat treatment temperature from 1150 to l18$0^{\circ}C$. From the above results, it was found that the impurity segregation in W/W grain boundary played an important role on the decrease of impact properties, and the heat treatment temperature should be appropriately chosen, as considering the Ni/Fe ratio of the alloy, in order to get good impact properties.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.198-204
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• 2022

In this paper, the 5kW and 50kW vertical axis wind turbines were studied using the ANSYS flow analysis simulation program. The 5 kW vertical shaft wind turbine has 30 units of the number of main blades and sub-blades and the electrical characteristics were analyzed by changing the tip speed ratio (TSR) from 0.2 to 06. A 50kW vertical axis wind turbine was designed based on the electrical characteristics of a 5kW vertical axis wind turbine. When the tip speed ratio was 0.5, the 5 kW wind power generation showed the maximum output of 9.5 kW and the efficiency of 0.28. The calculation of the power current(Ip) and the power voltage(Ep) show that, as the tip speed ratio increases, the power current(Ip) decreases and the power voltage(Ep) increases. And even if the tip speed ratio was changed, 5kW wind power generation was measured for output of 5 kW or higher. When the tip speed ratio was changed from 0.3 to 0.6, 50 kW wind power generation was output more than 50 kW. When the tip speed ratio of 50kW wind power generation was 0.4, the output was 58.37 [kW] and the efficiency was 0.318, and it was confirmed that the proposed 50kW wind power generation satisfies the design conditions.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.3 no.6
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• pp.661-667
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• 1993

Effects of $SiH_4//WF_6$(=R) ratio on the electrical properties of W films such as resistvity, contact resistance, junction leakage current in the selective W CVD technology for contact barrier metal were investigated with the emphasis on the role of $\alpha$-W Resistivity of W increases with increasing R, which is primarily due to the phase transformation from $\alpha$-W to , $\alpha$-W. $\alpha$-W found in the SiH4 reduced CVD W film is stabilized by Si incorporated into the W film rather than by oxygen. $\alpha$-W is found in the W film deposited on the Si substrate for high R, while $\alpha$-W is not found in the W film deposited on the TiN substrate even for high R. Also junction leakages increase with increasing R, which is caused not only by the vertical Si consumption but also the lateral Si consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2018

In this study, an experiment was conducted to analyze mortar based rheology for 3D printing method application. The tendency of rheological properties due to the change of W/B, binder type, replacement ratio, and super plasticizer which have a great influence on the flow characteristics of concrete was experimentally analyzed. Experiments were carried out by dividing into paste and mortar. In the paste experiment, rheology was analyzed by setting W/B, binder type, replacement ratio, and super plasticizer dosage as main variables. In the mortar experiment, the rheological properties of W/B and sand ratio were analyzed. As a result, as the W/B was increased, the viscosity decreased and the FA ratio to replace FA increased and the viscosity increased. In order to increase the fluidity, substitution of only 5% of SF reduces the shear stress and the viscosity is reduced by about 83%. Mortar rheological evaluation shows that there is a critical section where a large change occurs in the W/B 30 to 40% section. Also, in the same W/B, it is analyzed that there is a critical section where the shear stress increases more than twice in the sand ratio of 50~60%.