• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.515-527
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• 2003

Objectives： A meta-analysis of the literatures was conducted to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy by dietitians. Methods : The 30 studies were identified from a computerized search of published research on MEDLINE, Science-Direct and the PQD database until May, 2002 and a review of reference lists. The main search terms were“dietitian”,“dietary intervention”,“nutrition intervention”, “cost”,“cost-effectiveness”and“cost-benefit analysis”. The subgroup analysis was performed by publication year, study design, intervention provider, type of patient (in/out-patient) and type of cost (total cost/direct cost). Two reviewers independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed the quality and extracted the data. Results : The 30 studies were identified using the electric database search and bibliographies. The 17 trials were eligible for inclusion criteria, then the systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the quality assessment tool for observational studies. The quality score was 0.515 $\pm$ 0.121 (range : 0.279-0.711, median : 0.466). The meta-analysis of 17 studies based on the random effect model showed that medical nutrition therapy was highly effective in treating the diseases (effect size 0.3092 : 95% confidence interval 0.2282-0.3303). The vote-counting method, one of meta-analysis methods, was applied to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy conducted by dietitians. Two criteria (method 1, method 2) for voting were used. The calculated p-values for method 1 (more conservative method) and method 2 (less conservative method) were 0.1250 and 0.0106, respectively. Medical nutrition therapy by dietitians was significantly cost-effective in the method 2. Conclusion. This meta-analysis showed that the effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy was statistically significant in treating disease (effect size 0.3092), and that the cost-effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy was statistically significant in the method 2 (less conservative method) of vote counting. (Korean J Nutrition 36(5): 515~527, 2003)

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.166-183
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• 2013

It requires a lot of costs and manpower to manage an election. The electronic voting scheme can make the election system economic and trustful. The widespread use of smart phones causes mobile voting to be a major issue. The smart phone can be used as a mobile voting platform since it can carry out many services in addition to basic telephone service. To make mobile voting practical and trustful, we analyzed two subjects of study. Firstly, the way to make a biometric based mobile ID, which has legal binding forces. In mobile voting, user identification is accomplished on line since the voter should be able to vote wherever they go. The digital ID conducts a similar role to the need for a resident card. The user's identity is bound to the resident card legally. To bind the user's identity to the smart phone, we use USIM. Biometric recognition is also needed to authenticate the user, since the user cannot prove him or her on line face-to-face. The proposed mobile ID can be reissued by means of introducing a random secret value. Secondly, the mobile voting scheme is proposed where candidates can accept election results without doubt. The goal of an election is to select a leader among two or more candidates. Existing electronic voting schemes mainly focus on the study of ballot verification accomplished by voters. These approaches are not safe against collusion attacks where candidates and the election administration center are able to collude to fabricate election results. Therefore, a new type of voting and counting method is needed where candidates can directly take part in voting and counting stages. The biometric based multi-signature scheme is used to make the undeniable multi-signed ballot. The ballot cannot be verified without the help of all candidates. If candidates accept election results without a doubt, the fairness of the election is satisfied.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.62-98
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• 2009

A systematic review of the literatures was conducted to evaluate the effect of clinical practice guideline. The 77 studies were identified from a computerized search of published research on MEDLINE, Science-Direct and Blackwell synergy from January, 1997 to October, 2007. The main search terms were "clinical practice guideline" and "effectiveness", "clinical practice guideline" and "impact", "clinical practice guideline" and "evaluation". These studies were assessed the Quality twice by one Qualified expert and converted into weighted scale. The 63 studies were eligible inclusion criteria and subdivided into type of effect. Final indicator using for policy effect of clinical practice guidelines were classified as 4 categories; "improvement of outcomes" in 81 studies, "betterment in practice patterns" in 68 studies, "rationalization in resource utilization" in 84 studies and "cost containment" in 31 studies. The vote-counting method, one of meta-analysis method, was applied to summarized the effect of clinical practice guidelines and test statistically. From results of meta analysis, all indices were statistically significant. In conclusion, this meta-analysis showed that introduction of clinical practice guidelines were resulted positive outcomes in health policy.