• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2012

Purpose : The Purpose of this study was on determine whether thoracic expension exercise might increase the pulmonary function of the patients with stroke. Methods : Fourty paients with stroke were randomly assigned to experimental(n=20) and control group(n=20). During four weeks, each group participated thirty minutes for five times per week. Subjects were assessed using pre-value and post-value measurement pulmonary function(Forced vital capacity, Forced expiratory volume at one second, FEV1/FVC, Peak expiratory flow, Tidal volume, vital capacity, Inspiratory capacity, Expiratory reserve volume, Inspiratory reserve volume). Results : These finding suggest that experimental group was significant increase in FVC, FEV1, PEF, TV, IC, IRV, ERV($p$<.05). In comparison of two group, experimental group was high pulmonary function than control group. Conclusion : This study showed experimental group can be used to improve pulmonary function than control group. Thus it indicates that the thoracic expension exercise will be more improved through the continued respiratory exercise program.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between abdominal muscle strength and measures of respiratory function in stroke patients. Methods: The study participants comprised 17 (male: 12, female: 5) stroke patients hospitalized at W rehabilitation hospital in Busan, South Korea. Abdominal muscle strength was assessed using a digital manual dynamometer for 5 seconds contacting the sternal notch of the participants to bend the trunk. Respiratory function (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow) was assessed using a spirometer. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis, and the significance level was set 0.05. Results: A statistically significant correlation was found between abdominal muscle strength and forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, and peak expiratory flow. However, abdominal muscle strength and forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity were not significantly correlated. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that there is a relationship between abdominal muscle strength and respiratory function. Exercise programs to strengthen the abdominal muscles are therefore necessary to improve respiratory function in stroke patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this current study is to compare the effectiveness of respiratory circulation function and tidal volume according to two different types of practice methods, in terms of breathing training program and abdominis muscle strengthening using a swiss ball. Methods: The subjects were consist 18 college students, were randomly and evenly assigned to either breathing training program group (BTG) or swiss-ball exercise group (SEG). Exercise program was applied for 60 minutes, 3 times a week, for 6 weeks. Before, after 3 weeks and after 6 weeks of exercises, the subjects were tested using the bruce protocol. The significance of differences between the BTG and the SEG was evaluated by analysis of two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was an increase in respiratory circulation function after both of exercise. Especially, there was significant difference between the before and after 6 weeks in the BTG. Also, change of respiratory circulation function in BTG was significantly greater than SEG. Tidal volume was no significant differences between the before and after 6 weeks in both groups. In addition, there was significant difference between BTG and SEG. Conclusion: These results suggest that direct breathing training program were more useful to improve of respiratory circulation function.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.123-127
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• 2003

Cubic-meter volumes estimated from two proxy taper functions were compared to observed volumes of Japanese red cedar trees (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) to evaluate accuracy and precision in the centroid method. Centroid volume estimates were also compared to volume estimates from existing whole-tree volume equations developed for another geographic region. This study found that one proxy function produced unbiased volume estimates while the other was biased. Volume estimates from the whole-tree equations were also biased. However, the volume estimates from the whole-tree equations were more precise than those from the centroid method. These results support previous studies that the centroid method can produce reliable volumes of trees when no other reliable volume equations exist.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.623-632
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 영상 볼륨 데이터의 내부 3차원 객체들을 표현하기 위하여 색상 전이함수와 불투명도 전이함수를 사용하였다. 대체로 전이함수에서 경계부분이 만나는 지점의 값 설정이 모호하므로 볼륨 렌더링의 대상이 되는 시각 객체를 구분하기 위하여 영상이 가지는 특징들과 각 객체들 사이의 분할방법으로 객체 경계의 특징값 추출에 역점을 두었다. 따라서 공간상의 영상 기울기 특징 값을 추출하였으며 GPU의 효율을 증대시켜서 다차원 전이함수를 생성하였다. 그러므로 이 함수들을 그래픽 하드웨어 기반에 3차원 질감사상의 객체 경계 가시화 방법을 수행함으로써 좋은 연구결과를 얻게 되었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제80권4호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2017

Background: Men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, have reduced endogenous testosterone levels, but the relationship between pulmonary function and endogenous testosterone levels, is inconsistent. Testicular volume is a known indicator of endogenous testosterone levels, male fertility, and male potency. In the present study, the authors investigated the relationship, between testicular volume and lung function. Methods: One hundred and eighty-one South Korean men age 40-70, hospitalized for urological surgery, were retrospectively enrolled, irrespective of the presence of respiratory disease. Study subjects underwent pulmonary function testing, prior to procedures, and testicular volumes were measured by orchidometry. Testosterone levels of patients in blood samples collected between $7{\small{AM}}$ and $11{\small{AM}}$, were measured by a direct chemiluminescent immunoassay. Results: The 181 study subjects were divided into two groups, by testicular volume (${\geq}35mL$ vs. <35 mL), the larger testes group, had better lung functions (forced vital capacity [FVC]: $3.87{\pm}0.65L$ vs. $3.66{\pm}0.65L$, p=0.037; forced expiratory volume in 1 second [$FEV_1$]: $2.92{\pm}0.57L$ vs. $2.65{\pm}0.61L$, p=0.002; FVC % predicted: $98.2{\pm}15.2%$ vs. $93.8{\pm}13.1%$, p=0.040; $FEV_1$ % predicted: $105.4{\pm}19.5%$ vs. $95.9{\pm}21.2%$, p=0.002). In addition, the proportion of patients with a $FEV_1/FVC$ of <70%, was lower in the larger testes group. Univariate analysis conducted using linear regression models, revealed that testicular volume was correlated with FVC (r=0.162, p=0.029), $FEV_1$ (r=0.218, p=0.003), $FEV_1/FVC$ (r=0.149, p=0.046), and $FEV_1$ % predicted (r=0.178, p=0.017), and multivariate analysis using linear regression models, revealed that testicular volume was a significant predictive factor for $FEV_1$ % predicted (${\beta}=0.159$, p=0.041). Conclusion: Larger testicular volume was independently associated, with favorable indices of lung function. These results suggest that androgens, may contribute to better lung function.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.703-723
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• 2015

In this paper optimization of volume fraction distribution in a thick hollow cylinder with finite length made of two-dimensional functionally graded material (2D-FGM) and subjected to steady state thermal and mechanical loadings is considered. The finite element method with graded material properties within each element (graded finite elements) is used to model the structure. Volume fractions of constituent materials on a finite number of design points are taken as design variables and the volume fractions at any arbitrary point in the cylinder are obtained via cubic spline interpolation functions. The objective function selected as having the normalized effective stress equal to one at all points that leads to a uniform stress distribution in the structure. Genetic Algorithm jointed with interior penalty-function method for implementing constraints is effectively employed to find the global solution of the optimization problem. Obtained results indicates that by using the uniform distribution of normalized effective stress as objective function, considerably more efficient usage of materials can be achieved compared with the power law volume fraction distribution. Also considering uniform distribution of safety factor as design criteria instead of minimizing peak effective stress affects remarkably the optimum volume fractions.

• 소음진동
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.943-948
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• 1999

This paper proposes a feasible and effective method for measuring the mechanical-acoustic transfer function by the application of equivalent area and velocity transfer function, a manifestation of the vibro-acoustical reciprocity principle. On the contrary to the volume velocity used in traditional method, the equivalent area is a peculiar raidation characteristics of sound sources and not influenced by any input signal for driving sound source. This invariant property of equivalent area can get rid of boresome works to measure the volume velocity of a sound source every time the driving signal is changed. Moreover, this method has a remarkable advantage to use a general loudspeaker as an accoustic exciter without the assumption of point source and can be applied to all kinds of sound sources even if they are not omni-directional sources.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.767-773
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 폐용적에 영향을 미치는 관련 인자들과 폐기능 환기장애에 대한 유의성을 평가하고자 하였다. 실험대상으로는 저선량 흉부 CT검사와 폐활량검사를 동시에 수행한 정상 성인 남·여 206명을 선정하였으며 실험방법으로는 저선량 흉부 CT검사로 획득한 폐 CT 영상을 이용하여 폐용적을 딥러닝 기반의 AVIEW LCS 자동진단 프로그램을 이용하여 측정하였다. 그리고 폐활량계를 이용하여 폐기능을 측정한 결과를 획득하였으며 폐용적에 영향을 미치는 관련 인자로 성별 및 BMI를 선정하여 폐용적과의 독립표본 T-test를 통하여 유의성을 평가하고자 하였다. 실험결과 성별에 따른 폐용적의 평가에서 남성의 모든 폐용적이 여성의 모든 폐용적보다 크다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 성별 및 폐용적에 대한 각각의 평균값을 이용한 독립표본 T-test 결과 남성이 여성보다 모든 폐용적이 더 크다는 결과는 유의한 결과를 나타내었다(p<0.001). 그리고 BMI 지수에 따른 폐용적의 평가에서 BMI 지수 24 이상의 성인의 모든 폐용적이 BMI 지수 24 미만의 모든 폐용적보다 크다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 BMI 지수 및 폐용적에 대한 각각의 평균값을 이용한 독립표본 T-test 결과 BMI 지수 24 이상이 BMI 지수 24 미만보다 모든 폐용적이 더 크다는 결과는 유의한 결과를 나타내지 않았다(p<0.055). 폐기능 환기장애 유무에 따른 폐용적의 평가에서 폐기능 환기 정상성인의 모든 폐용적이 폐기능 환기 장애성인의 모든 폐용적보다 크다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 폐기능 환기장애 유무 및 폐용적에 대한 각각의 평균값을 이용한 독립표본 T-test 결과 폐기능 환기 정상성인이 폐기능 환기 장애성인보다 모든 폐용적이 더 크다는 결과는 유의한 결과를 나타내었다(p<0.001). 폐용적과 폐활량 검사 결과는 폐 건강을 평가하는데 가장 중요한 지표이며, 이 두 지표를 함께 사용하여 폐 기능을 평가하는 것이 가장 정확한 평가 방법이다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 폐용적과 폐활량 검사에 대한 향후 유사 연구 시 폐기능 환기 정상 성인과 폐기능 환기 장애 성인에 대한 폐용적 평균값을 제시하여 기초자료로 활용될 것이라고 사료된다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined whether breathing exercises might increase the chest expansion and pulmonary function of stroke patients. Methods: Twenty four patients with stroke were assigned randomly into two groups: a combination of diaphragmatic resistive breathing and pursed-lip breathing exercise (CB) group (n=10) and control group (n=14). The CB group completed a 4-week program of diaphragmatic resistive breathing and pursed-lip breathing exercise. The subjects were assessed using the pre-test and post-test measurements of the chest expansion (length for resting, deep inspiration, deep expiration, deep expiration-inspiration) and pulmonary function (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF), vital capacity (VC), tidal volume (TV), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)). Results: A comparison of the chest expansion between the pre and post tests revealed similar rest, deep inspiration, deep expiration, and deep expiration-inspiration lengths in the CB and control groups (p>0.05). A comparison of the pulmonary function between pre and post tests, revealed significant improvements in the FVC, FEV, PEF, VC, IRV, and ERV in the CB group (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the FVC, FEV1, PEF, VC and IRV between the 2 groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that breathing exercise should help improve the pulmonary function, such as the volume and capacity. This suggests that the pulmonary functions of stroke patients might be improved further by a continued respiratory exercise program.