• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1669-1680
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• 1998

A method is developed to include the effect of volume expansion in the description of the flame dynamics using G-equation. Line volume-source is used to represent the effect of the exothermic process of combustion with source strength assigned by the density difference between the burned and the unburned region. The present model provides good agreement with the experimental results. Including volume expansion, the flow field is adjusted to accommodate the increased volume flow rate which crossing the flame front and the result predicts the same behavior of measured velocity field qualitatively. The effect of increasing volume expansion does not change the initial growth rate of flame area but increase the residence time. Consequently this effect increases the maximum area of flame front. The flame propagation in varying flow field due to volume expansion provides a promising way to represent the wrinkled turbulent premixed flames in a numerically efficient manner.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.380-388
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• 2014

Background: The volume of surgery has been examined as a major source of variation in outcome after surgery. This study investigated the direct effect of surgery volume to in hospitals mortality and the moderating effect of structural complexity-the level of diversity and sophistication of technology a hospital applied in patient care-to the volume outcome relationship. Methods: Discharge summary data of 11,827 cancer patients who underwent surgery and were discharged during a month period in 2010 and 2011 were analyzed. The analytic model included the independent variables such as surgery volume of a hospital, structural complexity measured by the number of diagnosis a hospital examined, and their interaction term. This study used a hierarchical logistic regression model to test for an association between hospital complexity and mortality rates and to test for the moderating effect in the volume outcome relationship. Results: As structural complexity increased the probability of in-hospital mortality after cancer surgery reduced. The interaction term between surgery volume and structural complexity was also statistically significant. The interaction effect was the strongest among the patients group who had surgery in low volume hospitals. Conclusion: The structural complexity and volume of surgery should be considered simultaneously in studying volume outcome relationship and in developing policies that aim to reduce mortality after cancer surgery.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.113-129
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine whether trading volume amplifies the extent to which lottery-type stocks are overpriced, and whether economic sentiment index explains time-variation in the magnitude of the volume amplification effect. Design/methodology/approach - We examine monthly returns on 5x5 monthly bivariate portfolios formed by lottery characteristics (measured by maximum daily return) and trading volume. In addition, we perform time-series regression tests to examine how the volume amplification effect changes in high and low economic sentiment periods, after controlling for Fama-French three factors. Findings - Our bivariate portfolio analysis shows that the overpricing of lottery-type stocks are mostly pronounced among high trading volume stocks. In contrast, for low trading volume stocks, overpricing of lottery-type stocks appears to vanish. Furthermore, the amplification effect of trading volume on overpricing of lottery-type stock is concentrated in high economic sentiment periods. Research implications or Originality - This study is the first attempt to examine whether trading volume drives lottery-type stocks' overpricing in the Korean stock market. Furthermore, our analysis unveils the time-varying nature of volume amplification effect. The results suggest that trading volume might play a important hidden role in asset pricing, opening a new line of researches in the future.

• Multiscale and Multiphysics Mechanics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2016

In this study, an influence of local variation of nanoparticulate volume fraction on the homogenized elastic properties is investigated. It is well known that interface effect is dependent on the radius and volume fraction of reinforced nanofillers. However, there is no study on the multiscale modeling and analysis of polymer nanocomposites including polydispersed nanoparticles with consideration of interphase zone, which is dependent on the volume fraction of corresponding nanoparticles. As results of numerical examples, it is confirmed that an influence of local variation of nanoparticulate volume fraction should be considered for non-dilute system such as cluster of nanoparticles. Therefore representative volume element analysis is conducted by considering local variation of nanoparticle volume fraction in order to analyze the practical size of cell including hundreds of nanoparticles. It is expected that this study could be extended to the multiparticulate nanocomposite systems including polydispersed nanoparticles.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.434-447
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• 2017

This study investigated the effects of influencing factors on the sales volume of apparel products. Based on previous studies, weekend effect, discount rate, and meteorological factors including daily average temperature, rainfall, sea level pressure, and fine dust were selected as independent variables to calculate their effects on sales quantity of apparel products. The daily sales data during 2015 - 2016 were collected from casual brands and outdoor brands which "A" apparel manufacturing company had operated. The actual data of "A" company were analyzed using SAS(R) 9.4 and SAS(R) Enterprise Miner 14.1. The results of this study were as follows: First, the influencing factors on total sales volume of apparel products were proved to be the weekend effect, discount rate, and fine dust. Second, the analysis of influencing factors on sales volume of apparel products according to season showed: 1) In casual brands, the average temperature had a significant influence on the sales volume of spring/summer products, and the sea level pressure affected the sales volume of summer/fall/winter products significantly. 2) In outdoor brands, the average temperature and the fine dust had a significant influence on the sales volume of all season's products. The sea level pressure affected the sales volume of summer/fall/ winter products significantly. The weekend effect and the discount effect affected the sales volume of apparel products partly. Third, the effect of rainfall was not proven significant, which was different from the results of past studies.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.139-154
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• 1998

Under certain circumstance, premixed turbulent flame can be treated as wrinkled thin laminar flame and its motion in a hydrodynamic flow field has been investigated by employing G-equation. Past studies on G-equation successfully described certain aspects of laminar flame propagation such as effects of stretch on flame speed. In those studies, flames were regarded as a passive interface that does not influence the flow field. The experimental evidences, however, indicate that flow field can be significantly modified by the propagation of flames through the volume expansion of burned gas. In the present study, a new method to be used with G -equation is described to include the effect of volume expansion in the flame dynamics. The effect of volume expansion on the flow field is approximated by Biot-Savart law. The newly developed model is validated by comparison with existing analytical solutions of G -equation to predict flames propagating in hydrodynamic flow field without volume expansion. To further investigate the influence of volume expansion, present method was applied to initially wrinkled or planar flame propagating in an imposed velocity field and the average flame speed was evaluated from the ratio of flame surface area and projected area of unburned stream channel. It was observed that the initial wrinkling of flame cannot sustain itself without velocity disturbance and wrinkled structure decays into planar flame as the flame propagates. The rate of decay of the structure increased with volume expansion. The asymptotic change in the average burning speed occurs only with disturbed velocity field. Because volume expansion acts directly on the velocity field, the average burning speed is affected at all time when its effect is included. With relatively small temperature ratio of 3, the average flame speed increased 10%. The combined effect of volume expansion and flame stretch is also considered and the result implied that the effect of stretch is independent of volume release.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

Purpose: Foam concrete is the concrete that contains large amount of air voids inside. In general, the density of foam concrete depends on parameters like water/binder ratio, foam volume, aggregate and pozzolan content, etc. Method: In this study, the effect of foam volume and fly ash content on dry density is investigated intensively in order to find the relationship between each parameter and their abilities to counteract with each other. According to the above information, though there are quite a number of studies on the effect micro fiber on foam concrete at low volume fractions, there is still lack of information especially on the high fiber content side. The objective of the second study is to investigate further on the use of micro fiber at higher volume fraction and fill in the lacking information. Beside from this study, the investigation of the effect of micro-fiber (polypropylene) to enhance the properties of foam concrete is also carried out. Result: Of the two variables that are investigated in this study, the foam volume and the fly ash content, show significant effect on the properties of foam concrete. The foam volume tends to decrease the density and strength of foam concrete. In the second part of our study, a large fibre volume fraction is proved to be able to evidently increase the flexural strength of foam concrete up to about 40% due to the effect of fibre bridging over the crack and a significant number of fibres that intercepts the crack surfaces. However, the compressive strength is found to decrease severely due to the occurrence of large pores as the result of fibre being added into concrete mixture.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.117-141
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• 2006

Daily sales volume in retailers seems to be changed because of five-days-work in a week resulting in growth of leisure time in Korea recently. The day of the week effect of sales volume that can not be theoretically explained, which sales pattern varies depending on days systematically and consistently, is so important. Especially the day of the week effect of sales volume exists in which retail branch and the extents of the day of the week effect from the perspective of marketing in retailing is very important. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether the day of the week effect of sales volume exists in men's clothing retailers and if so, there is difference in daily sales volume. There was insufficient researches in the field of anomaly such as the day of the week effect of sales volume in marketing. For this reason, this study has drawn upon research findings of finance, general demand theory, and previous studies of the day of the week effect in stock markets. In doing so, these works are referenced in theoretical background and applicability in retailing market of this study. This study empirically investigated the day of the week effect of sales volume through the revenues of a men's clothing retailers (P company) in past five years. As the result of this study, the day of the week effect of sales volume existed in men's clothing retailers and the day of the week effect showed positive from Monday to Sunday, which means Sunday, the biggest. Also, the day of the week effect by season was different. The result of this study is expected to provide some helpful evidence that offers effective operational strategies to retailers.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Studies
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.127-144
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• 1995

Previous literature in financial economics documents the existence of a liquidity premium in expected returns, measured by the bid-ask spread. This study provides a more comprehensive test of the egect of liquidity on common stock returns by including trading volume as an additional liquidity measure. we find that trading volume is a relevant measure of liquidity, and affects expected returns even aher controlling for the effects of systematic risk, firm size, and the relative bid-ask spread. We also find that trading volume complements the bid-ask spread as a liquidity measure, and provides additional information about the liquidity premium. The liquidity effect emerges in non-January months as a volume effect, in addition to the spread effect in January documented by Eleswarapu and Reinganum(1993).

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.297-307
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• 2019

Despite the fact that the implementation of 5% rule is widely recognized to enhance the transparency of capital market and fairness of corporate governance market, a few evidences present information effect of 5% rule. Using 7,088 non-financial firm-year observations listed on the Korea Stock Exchange from 2006 to 2012, we analyze the relation between trading volume and 5% rule disclosure. The results show that the daily and abnormal trading volume is increased when 5% rule disclosure is released. Moreover, the trading volume is significantly increased during cooling period. Specifically, trading volume is significantly greater when one day before cooling period or the expiration day of cooling period. We also find the information effect of firms with stable ownership structure before 5% rule disclosure is relatively smaller than the firms with unstable ownership structure with unstable ownership structure. These results imply that capital market participants use the information from 5% rule disclosure and reflect in their real economic decision.