• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 1988

제지(製紙)슬러지의 시용량(施用量)을 300, 600, 900 및 1,200kg/10a으로 달리하고 각(各) 시용수준별(施用水準別) C/N율(率)을 30 : 1로 조절(調節)하여 Pot시험(試驗)을 실시(實施)함으로써 토양중(土壤中) 휘발성저급지방산조성(揮發性低級脂肪酸組成)을 시기별(時期別)로 조사(調査)하였다. 그리고 제지(製紙)슬러지의 분해양상(分解樣相) 및 토양중(土壤中) $CO_2$발생량(發生量)을 경시적(經時的)으로 조사(調査)하였으며, 토양중(土壤中) 휘발성지방산함량(揮發性脂肪酸含量)과 수도(水稻)의 무기성분흡수(無機成分吸收)와의 관계(關係)등을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 제지(製紙)슬러지 시용후(施用後) 120일간(日間)의 분해율(分解率)은 $35{\sim}44%$, C/N율(率)은 $55{\sim}82$였다. 2. 토양중(土壤中) $CO_2$발생량(發生量)은 슬러지의 시용량(施用量)이 많을수록 증가(增加)하였으며 $CO_2$발생량(發生量)과 슬러지의 분해율(分解率) 및 토양중(土壤中) 휘발성방린산함량(揮發性肪燐酸含量)과 고도(高度)의 유의적(有意的)인 정(正)의 상관(相關)이 있었다. 3. 토양중(土壤中) 휘발성지방산(揮發性脂肪酸) acetic, propionic, i-butyric, butyric, i-valeric 및 valeric acid의 6종(種)이 동정(同定)되었으며, 그 함량(含量)은 슬러지의 시용량(施用量)이 많을수록 증가(增加)하였고, 슬러지시용후(施用後) 25일경(日頃)이 가장 높았으며 그후 시일(時日)이 경과할수록 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이었다. 4. 토양중(土壤中) 휘발성지방산(揮發性脂肪酸)은 수도(水稻)의 초기생육(初期生育)을 억제(抑制)하였으며 벼이앙후(移秧後) 25일(日)의 토양중(土壤中) acetic, propionic, i-valeric acid 함량(含量)과 수도(水稻)의 질소(窒素), 린산(燐酸), 칼리, 석탄고토(石炭苦土) 및 규산흡수량간(珪酸吸收量間)에는 유의적(有意的)인 역상관(逆相關)이 있었고, butyric acid 함량(含量)과 린산(燐酸) 및 석탄흡수량간(石炭吸收量間)에도 같은 경향(傾向)이었다. 5. 이앙후(移秧後) 25일(日)의 토양중(土壤中) 총휘발성지방산함량(總揮發性脂肪酸含量)은 토양중(土壤中) $Fe^{++}$ 및 $Mn^{++}$ 함량(含量)과 유의적(有意的)인 정의(正) 상관(相關)이 있었으며 $Fe^{++}$ 함량(含量)은 특히 acetic acid 함량(含量)과 고도(高度)의 유의적(有意的)인 정(正)의 상관(相關)이 있었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.511-518
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• 1985

냄새성분은 식품의 품질을 특정짓는 관능적요소의 하나로서, 특히 우리나라에서 즐겨 이용하는 젓갈에서는 그 기여도가 크다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 젓갈의 품질개선을 목적으로 식염의 일부를 KCl로 대체하여 담근 저식염멸치젓 숙성중의 휘발성성분을 재래식젓($20\%$ 식염함량)과 함께 비교분석하였으며, 또한 지방산조성의 변화도 실험하였다. 원료멸치의 구성지방산은 중성지질이 $77.6\%$로 가장 많았으며 다음으로 인지질이 $22.1\%$, 당지질은 $0.35\%$였다. 그리고 총지질의 조성은 polyene산이 $39.8\%$로 가장 높았으며 polyene 산중에서도 $C_{22:6},\;C_{20:5}$가 대부분이었다. 숙성중에는 polyene 산($C_{22:6},\;C_{20:5}$)의 비율이 감소하는 반면에 포화산($C_{16:0},\;C_{18:0},\;C_{l4:0}$)의 비율이 증가하였고 monoene산중에서는 $C_{16:1}$ 및 $C_{18:1}$의 증가를 제외하고는 큰 변동이 없었다. 그리고 산가와 카르보닐가 등도 숙성중 증가하였으며 알콜을 첨가한 저식염멸치젓의 경우는 재래식 젓보다 그 함량이 낮았다. 멸치젓(숙성 90일경)의 전휘발성성분에서 38종의 성분을 동정할 수 있었는데 그 주체는 알콜류, 알데히드와 케톤류, 탄화수소류와 지방산류 등으로 구성되어 있었다. 그리고 숙성기간중 저급휘발성산(8종), 아민(5종), 카르보닐화합물(9종)을 검출동정하였는데 완숙기(숙성 60일경)의 저식염멸치젓에서는 acetic acid, isovaleric acid, propionic acid, n-butyric acid가 휘발성산의 주류이었으며, 카르보닐에서는 ethanal, 3-methyl butanal, hexanal, 2-methyl propanal 등이고 아민에서는 TMA가 대부분이었다. 그리고 재래식젓과 비교하여 볼 때 각휘발성성분조성에는 차이가 없고 함량비가 약간의 차이가 있었으며 멸치젓의 냄새성분은 어느 특정성분에 의한 것이라기 보다 여러 휘발성성분들의 상호조화에 의하여 젓갈 특유의 풍미를 나타내는 것으로 볼수 있었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.781-788
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• 2007

The Carbon source to enhance the denitrification is essential matter in the advanced sewage treatment. For the high level of nutrient removal, external carbons such as ethanol, methanol, volatile fatty acids and so on should be needed. In this study, the methods to increase the sludge solubilization and acidification rate were compared with waste activated sludges and food waste leachate. Ultrasonication and acids were used for the pretreatment of organic particles in sludges. As a results, the optimal temperature and HRT were $60^{\circ}C$ and 5 days, respectively. HAc, HPr, HBr, and other VFAs for acid fermentations reduced up to 22, 16, 14, and 48% with HRT reduction. For the increase of solubilization, 28% of solids destruction rate was shown at 0.3 watts/mL.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.130-136
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• 1994

Voltaile aroma components and fatty acid in fruit of Broussonetia kazinoki siebold were investigated . The experimental results revealed the presence of 41 volatile components . Forty one compounds , including 4 hydrocarbons(2.45), 7 aldehydes (20%), 3 ketones(1.0%), 7 terpenes(18.05), 8 acids (42%), 4 alcohols (4.2%) and 5 phenols (9.85) were identified. The content of crude lipid was 28.5% . Fatty acid composition were mainly consisted of linoleic (91.61%) and followed by oleic(3.525) , palmitic (3.40%), stearic (0.855) and linolenic acid(0.39%)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.856-864
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• 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate effects of mixed organic acids (MOA) on nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acids composition and intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs fed high wheat bran diet. Methods: Six crossbred barrows ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$), with an average body weight $78.8{\pm}4.21kg$, fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum, were allotted to a double $3{\times}3$ Latin square design with 3 periods and 3 diets. Each period consisted of a 5-d adjustment period followed by a 2-d total collection of feces and then a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. The dietary treatments included a corn-soybean-wheat bran basal diet (CTR), mixed organic acid 1 diet (MOA1; CTR+3,000 mg/kg OA1), mixed organic acid 2 diet (MOA2; CTR+2,000 mg/kg OA2). Results: Pigs fed MOA (MOA1 or MOA2) showed improved (p<0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy, dry matter and organic matter, and pigs fed MOA2 had increased (p<0.05) ATTD of neutral detergent fiber compared to CTR. Dietary MOA supplementation decreased (p<0.05) pH value, and improved (p<0.01) concentrations of lactic acid and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) in ileum compared to CTR. Pigs fed MOA showed higher (p<0.05) concentration of acetic acid, and lower (p<0.05) content of formic acid in feces compared to CTR. Pigs fed MOA1 had increased (p<0.05) concentration of TVFA and butyric acid in feces. Pigs fed MOA1 showed higher concentration of Lactobacillus and lower concentration of Escherichia in feces compared to CTR. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of MOA 1 or 2 could improve nutrients digestibility, TVFA concentration and intestinal flora in growing-finishing pigs fed high fiber diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.322-324
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• 1989

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.437-441
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• 1985

우리나라 전통적인 수산발효식품의 풍미성분을 밝힐 목적으로 밴댕이젓 및 주둥치젓이 냄새성분을 분석하고 각 성분들이 냄새에 미치는 기여도를 검토하였다. 휘발성 지방산과 휘발성 아민은 수증기증류법으로 포집하여 분석하고, 휘발성 카르보닐은 $90^{\circ}C$에서 4시간 처리하여 포집하여 GLC로 분석동정하였다. 휘발성 지방산은 밴댕이젓 및 주둥치젓 모두 n-부티르산이 $90.4{\sim}90.5%$로 대부분을 차지하였고, 휘발성아민은 트리메틸아민이 대부분을 차지하였다. 휘발성카르보닐은 밴댕이젓은 2-메틸프로판알 36.2%, 메탄알 28.5%, 프로판알 16.2%로 이 세 성분이 80.9%를 차지하였고, 주둥치젓은 에탄올 44.7%, 2-메틸프로판알 24.1%, 프로판알 14.4%로 82.2%를 차지하였다. 관능검사결과 밴댕이젓. 주둥치젓 모두 휘발성지방산, 휘발성카르보닐, 휘발성아민 순으로 중요한 구실을 하는 성분이라는 것을 알았다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.472-479
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• 2012

The formation of volatile fatty acids(VFAs) and changes in pH, oxidation and reduction potential(Eh) and acid volatile sulfide(AVS) with the addition of yellow clay were investigated using microcosm systems to examine the effects of yellow clay dispersion on the anaerobic decomposition of Cochlodinium polykrikoides in marine sediments. The acetate concentration reached a maximum by day 4 and was 1.2-1.8 fold less in the sample treated with yellow clay compared to the untreated sample (224-270 vs. 333 uM). The formate concentration reached a maximum by day 1 and was 1.3-2.8 fold less in the sample treated with yellow clay compared to the untreated sample (202-439 vs. 563 uM). The propionate concentration reached a maximum by day 2 and was 1.5-1.8 fold less in the sample treated with yellow clay compared to the untreated sample (32.6 vs. 57.2 uM). After the amounts of acetate, formate and propionate peaked the levels dropped dramatically due to the utilization by sulfate reducing bacteria. The Eh of the samples treated with yellow clay was similar to the untreated sample on day 0 but was higher in the sample treated with yellow clay(140-206 mV) from days 4 to 17. AVS started to form on day 3 and this was sustained until day 6, and 1.2-2.2 fold less was produced in the sample treated with yellow clay compared to the untreated sample (40.2-69.3 vs. 83.2-93.8 mg/L). Accordingly, during the anaerobic decomposition of C. polykrikoides in marine sediments, yellow clay dispersal seems to suppress the reduction state of Eh and the formation of volatile fatty acids(acetate, formate and propionate) used as an energy source by sulfate reducing bacteria, indicating that this process controls the production of hydrogen sulfide that negatively affects marine organisms and the marine sediment environment.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.819-824
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• 2009

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of chemical additives on total phosphorus (TP), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and total volatile fatty acids (total VFAs) in hanwoo slurry. The treatments in this study were ferrous sulfate, alum, and aluminum chloride, and applied at the rate of 0, 0.5, and 1.0 g/25 g of hanwoo slurry. All of the chemical treatments significantly lowered TP (11 to 53% of the untreated control), SRP (41 to 99.9% of the untreated control), and total VFAs (22 to 48.5% of the untreated control) by reducing hanwoo slurry pH (3.42 to 6.86). Among these chemical amendments, addition of 0.5 g ferrous sulfate, alum, and aluminum chloride to hanwoo slurry were the best results evaluated on farms with respect to reducing negative environmental impacts. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the use of chemical amendments should be considered in the development of best management practices (BMPs) for the hanwoo industries.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.225-232
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• 2008

The objectives of this study were conducted to determine the effects of two chemical amendments on volatile fatty acids (VFA) and nitrogen contents in poultry litter after broiler chicks were raised in poultry houses for 6 weeks. Two different additives were applied as a top dressing to the litter at a rate of $AlCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$ (200 g)+$CaCO_3$ (50 g) or Alum (200 g)+$CaCO_3$ (50 g)/kg of rice bran; untreated litter served as controls. Application of $AlCl_3+CaCO_3$ and Alum+$CaCO_3$ reduced total VFA contents by 67% and 51% at 6 weeks, respectively, compard to the control groups. The decrease in litter pH with two chemical treatments results in decreased proportion of VFA and increased nitrogen contents of the litter. These results indicate that treating $AlCl_3+CaCO_3$ and Alum+$CaCO_3$ to poultry litter offers the potential for reducing an environmental impact.